فيليپ جسوپ

فيليپ جسوپ
Philip Jessup
قاضي في محكمة العدل الدولية
في المنصب 1960–1969
سبقه	Green Hackworth
خلـَفه	هاري ديلارد
U.S. Ambassador at Large
في المنصب 2 مارس 1949 – 19 يناير 1953
عيـَّنه	هاري ترومان
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	Philip Caryl Jessup (1897-02-05)فبراير 5, 1897 مدينة نيويورك، ولاية نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة
توفي	يناير 31, 1986(1986-01-31) (aged 88) نيوتاون، پنسلڤانيا، الولايات المتحدة
الزوج	Lois Walcott Kellogg (ز. 1921)
التعليم	كلية هاملتون (BA) جامعة يل (LLB) جامعة كلومبيا (PhD)

فيليپ كاريل جسوپ ( Philip Caryl Jessup؛ 5 فبراير 1897 – 31 يناير 1986) كان دبلوماسياً أمريكياً في القرن العشرين ودارساً ومشرع مشهود بإنجازاته في مجال القانون الدولي.

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 النشأة والتعليم

وُلِد فيليب كاريل جيسوب في 5 يناير 1897، في مدينة نيويورك. وهو حفيد هنري هاريس جسوپ. وفي 1919، حصل على البكالوريوس من كلية هاملتون. وفي 1924، حصل على درجة في القانون (LLB) من كلية حقوق يل. وفي 1927، حصل على الدكتوراه من جامعة كلومبيا.

 السيرة

 الأكاديميا

From 1925 to 1961, Jessup held teaching positions at Columbia University. While pursuing his doctorate, and for a good time thereafter (1925–1946), Jessup served as a lecturer and professor in international law at Columbia Law School. From 1942 to 1944, he served as assistant director of the Naval School of Military Government and Administration at Columbia University.In 1946, he was named the Hamilton Fish Professor of International Law and Diplomacy at Columbia Law, a post he held until 1961.

في 1970، كان محاضر سيبلي في كلية الحقوق بـجامعة جورجيا في أثنز، جورجيا. في 1971، كان محاضر في كرسي بارنِت ميلر في كلية ولسلي.

 القطاع العام: الخدمة المدنية

في 1924، أصبح جسوب مساعد كاتب عدل لـوزارة الخارجية الأمريكية. في 1929، ساعَد إلايهو روت في مؤتمر المشرعين حول المحكمة الدائمة للعدل الدولي في جنيڤ، سويسرا.

في 1943، Jessup served as assistant secretary-general of the إدارة الأمم المتحدة للإغاثة والتأهيل (UNRRA) conference through 1944. من 1943 حتى 1945، عمل أيضاً كبيراً لقسم الموظفين والتدريب لأعمال الإغاثة والتأهيل الخارجيين في وزارة الخارجية. في 1944، عمل في United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (the "Bretton Woods" conference). In 1945, he was a technical advisor to the American delegation to the San Francisco United Nations charter conference in 1945 (whose Acting Secretary was Alger Hiss). In 1947, he served as U.S. representative to the United Nations Committee on Codification of International Law. From 1948 through 1952, he served in several roles at the United Nations: U.S. representative to the General Assembly (second, third, and fourth special sessions), deputy U.S. representative to the Interim Committee of the General Assembly and Security Council, and deputy chief of the U.S. Mission to the United Nations.

ومن 1949 حتى 1953، عمل أيضاً "Ambassador-at-large." As Ambassador, Jessup served on the 1949 U.S. delegation of the Sixth Session of the Paris Council of Foreign Ministers Meeting. Charles W. Yost was his assistant. The two continued to work together in Washington, researching and writing the 1949 Department of State White Paper, officially entitled “United States Relations with China.”

في 1960، اِنتُخِب جسوب ليصبح عضواً في محكمة العدل الدولية في لاهاي، حيث عمل من 1961 إلى 1970 قاضياً.

 معهد علاقات الهادي

يمين إلى يسار: جان شوڤل، فيليپ جسوپ، ياكوڤ مالك، وألكسندر كادوگان، في مقر البعثة الأمريكية في الأمم المتحدة، بنيويورك. وتم في هذا اللقاء الاتفاق على ترتيبات إنهاء حصار برلين في 4 مايو 1949.

جسوب (يمين) مع جواهرلال نهرو، حوالي أكتوبر 1949.

من 1938 حتى 1951، عمل جسوب رئيساً لـ مجلس الهادي وعضواً في الهيئة الأم، معهد علاقات الهادي.

بحلول 1948، كان قد أصبح محافظاً في وقف كارنـِگي للسلام الدولي، الذي واصل استمر فيه على الأقل حتى 1956.

ومن 1967 حتى 1986، عمل رئيساً للمفوضية الدائمة لـ تشيلى-النرويج وكعضو فخري في المجلس الحاكم للمعهد الدولي لتوحيد القانون الخاص.

من 1970 إلى 1971، كان زميلاً باحثاً مخضرماً مقيماً بكرسي ويتني شپردسون في مجلس العلاقات الخارجية.

 الذعر الأحمر الثاني

Jessup became a primary target of Senator Joseph McCarthy, who charged in the 1950 Tydings Committee hearings that Jessup was a security risk who had "an unusual affinity... for Communist causes." McCarthy was not allowed by the Tydings Committee to outline his case regarding Jessup, but the committee allowed Jessup to fly in from Pakistan and give his defense. Jessup was subsequently cleared of all charges by the Loyalty Board of the State Department and the Tydings Committee, and McCarthy was rebuked by many fellow senators and other statesmen. However, in two speeches on the floor of the Senate, McCarthy gave his evidence regarding Jessup's "unusual affinity for Communist causes:"

• That Jessup had been affiliated with five Communist front groups
• That Jessup had been a leading light in the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR) at a time that organization was reflecting the Communist Party's line
• That he had "pioneered the smear campaign against Nationalist China and Chiang Kai-shek" and propagated the "myth of the 'democratic Chinese Communist'" through the IPR magazine, Far Eastern Survey, over which he had "absolute control"
• That Jessup had associated with known Communists in the IPR
• That the IPR's American Council under Jessup's guidance had received more than $7,000 of Communist funds from Frederick Vanderbilt Field
• That Jessup had "expressed vigorous opposition" to attempts to investigate Communist penetration of the IPR
• That Jessup had urged that United States atom bomb production be brought to a halt in 1946, and that essential atomic ingredients be "dumped into the ocean"
• That Jessup had appeared as a character witness for Alger Hiss and that after Hiss's conviction, Jessup had found "no reason whatever to change his opinion about Hiss's veracity, loyalty and integrity"

McCarthy's allegations severely damaged Jessup's reputation and career.

Nonetheless, US President Harry S. Truman appointed Jessup as United States delegate to the United Nations in 1951. However, when the appointment came before the Senate, it was not approved, largely because of McCarthy's influence. Truman circumvented the Senate by assigning Jessup to the United Nations on an "interim appointment."

Shortly after John F. Kennedy took office as president, the State Department approved the appointment of Jessup as U.S. candidate for the International Court of Justice, a post that did not need Senate confirmation. He served from 1961 to 1970.

Upon returning from the Netherlands, Jessup took up a series of academic positions at the University of Georgia School of Law, Columbia University, and Wellesley College.

 الحياة الشخصية والذكرى

In 1921, Jessup married Lois Walcott Kellogg. Jessup died on January 31, 1986, in Newtown, Pennsylvania. Jessup is the uncle of television writer Ted Jessup.

 التكريم

Jessup was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1932 and the American Philosophical Society in 1939. An international law moot court competition, the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition, is named in Jessup's honor. It is held annually in Washington D.C. and is attended by law students from around the world.

 أعمال

• The Law of Territorial Waters and Maritime Jurisdiction (G.A. Jennings Co., 1927)
• Elihu Root (Dodd, Mead & Co., 1938)
• A Modern Law of Nations (Macmillan Co., 1948)
• Transnational Law (Yale University Press, 1956)
• Controls for Outer Space and the Antarctic Analogy (With Howard Taubenfeld, Columbia University Press, 1959)
• The Price of International Justice (1971)
• The Birth of Nations (Columbia University Press, 1974)

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 للاستزادة

• Hearings before the Senate subcommittee investigating the Institute of Pacific Relations
• Cook, Fred J. (1971). The Nightmare Decade: The Life and Times of Senator Joe McCarthy. Random House. ISBN 0-394-46270-X.

 وصلات خارجية

• ICJ Judges
• Manley O. Hudson Awards and 26 January 2009 Archived 9 مارس 2016 at the Wayback Machine
• ICJ Presidents H.E. Rosalyn Higgins and H.E. Stephen M. Schwebel at the ILSA-ASIL Gala Dinner Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition on 27 March 2009 and Jessup's 50th Anniversary Honorary Committee and 50th Jessup Video and 50th Jessup Programme and Prize for "Best Jessup Oralist" Archived 2009-02-11 at the Wayback Machine Launched in Honour of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel at the 103rd ASIL Annual Meeting on International Law as Law, Fairmont Hotel in Washington, D.C., 25–28 March 2009
• Wikipedia Citations of H.E. Judge Philip Jessup
• Visual Wikipedia of H.E. Judge Philip Jessup
• Newspaper clippings about فيليپ جسوپ in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW