عمر البيومي

عمر البيومي (و. 1959 - ) هو مواطن سعودي كانت تربطه علاقات باثنين من خاطفي طائرات 11/9 في الولايات المتحدة، وتظهر ملفات FBI الأمريكية التي يعود تاريخها إلى ما قبل الهجمات أنه كان عميلاً للمخابرات السعودية. كما قال تقرير لمكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي تم رفع السرية عنه في سبتمبر 2021، أن هنالك أدلة على أن البيومي كان له صلات بإرهابيين معروفين، وقدم دعما كبيراً لخاطفي طائرات 11 سبتمبر نواف الحازمي وخالد المحضار عند وصولهم إلى الولايات المتحدة. الولايات المتحدة، وتواصل مساعد لوجستي لـأسامة بن لادن، بعد تقديمه المساعدة للحازمي والمحضار.[1][2][3]ويقدم تقرير لمكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي، تم رفع السرية عنه في مارس 2022، دليلاً على أن "هناك فرصة بنسبة %50 أن يكون لدى [البيومي] معرفة مسبقة بحدوث هجمات 11 سبتمبر". عبر الاثنين الذين صادقهما وشاركوا في التخطيط لهجمات 11 سبتمبر. كما ساعد البيومي المنفذين في العثور على سكن في سان دييغو.[4]

فيما تزعم المملكة العربية السعودية أن البيومي ليس عميلاً لها.[2] إلا أنه وفقاً للمذكرات السرية السابقة الصادرة عن الأرشيف الوطني في مايو 2016، فإن مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي ومنذ 6 يونيو 2003 يعتقد أنه من الممكن أن البيومي كان عميلاً للحكومة السعودية وأنه كان "ربما كان يقدم تقارير عن المجتمع [السعودي] المتواجد في الولايات المتحدة إلى مسؤولين بالحكومة السعودية. كما اكتشف مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي أثناء التحقيق أن البيومي له علاقات مع عناصر إرهابية".[5]

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مدخل

ولد البيومي عام 1958 تقريبا، ولا يُعرف الكثير عن بداية حياته. وتصفه ملفات مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي التي رفعت عنها السرية بأنه من عائلة مصرية هاجرت إلى المملكة العربية السعودية.[6] حتى عام 1994، كان يعيش في المملكة العربية السعودية، ويعمل في وزارة الدفاع والطيران السعودية، وهي إدارة كان يرأسها الأمير سلطان بن عبد العزيز. وفي أغسطس 1994، انتقل البيومي إلى الولايات المتحدة واستقر في سان دييغو، كاليفورنيا، حيث انخرط في المجتمع الإسلامي المحلي، وكان يُنظر إليه على أنه فضولي للغاية، وعُرف بكونه يحمل دائماً كاميرا فيديو.[7][8][9]فيما تقول المصادر، أن العديد من السكان كان يشتبه بشدة بأن البيومي جاسوس للحكومة السعودية. وقال الرجل الذي اعتبره مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي "أفضل مصدر" لهم في سان دييغو عن البيومي "يجب أن يكون ضابط مخابرات للمملكة العربية السعودية أو قوة أجنبية أخرى". خلال تلك الفترة، زعم البيومي بأنه كان طالباً في جامعة ولاية سان دييغو ويتعلم اللغة الإنجليزية العلاجية في الولايات المتحدة كجزء من برنامج دراسة العمل السعودي. لكنه في الواقع، لم يحضر إلا الفصل الدراسي في خريف 1994.[10][11]فيما كانت الهيئة العامة للطيران المدني السعودية تدفع راتب البيومي من خلال مقاول حكومي.[12] وعندما اقترح المقاول إنهاء علاقته مع البيومي عام 1999، رد مسؤول حكومي سعودي برسالة تحمل علامة "عاجلة للغاية" مفادها أن الحكومة تريد تجديد عقد البيومي "في أسرع وقت ممكن".[11] ونتيجة لذلك، استمر البيومي كموظف في البرنامج. وحين أجرى مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي مقابلة معه في عام 2003، ذكر البيومي أنه كان يعمل في شركة الطيران السعودية دلة أفكو. ويصف شهود في شركة دلة أفكو البيومي بأنه واحد من 50 "موظفاً وهمياً" يتقاضون رواتبهم من الشركة على الرغم من عدم حضورهم للعمل مطلقاً. ووصف أحد الشهود البيومي بأنه تكبد نفقات باهظة لدرجة أن شركة أفكو رفضت دفعها له في وقت ما.[1]

ولفت البيومي انتباه مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي في عام 1998 عندما أبلغ مدير شقته عن تلقيه طرودًا من الشرق الأوسط تحتوي على أسلاك مكشوفة واستضافته لتجمعات كبيرة من رجال شرق أوسطيين في مقر إقامته.[13] وفي يونيو 1998، تبرع فاعل خير سعودي مجهول بمبلغ 500 ألف دولار لبناء مسجد كردي في سان دييغو، بشرط تعيين البيومي كمدير للصيانة، مع مكتب خاص وهاتف وكمبيوتر. وقُبل التبرع، ولكن لأن البيومي نادراً ما كان يحضر للعمل، أصبحت إدارة المسجد غير راضية عنه، وفي نهاية المطاف، قاموا بطرده. وفي أواخر 1999 أو أوائل عام 2000، بدأ البيومي في تلقي دفعة شهرية من الأميرة هيفاء بنت فيصل، زوجة الأمير بندر بن سلطان، سفير السعودية لدى الولايات المتحدة. وارسلت شيكات بقيم تتراوح بين 2000 إلى 3000 دولار شهريا من الأميرة،عبر اثنين أو ثلاثة وسطاء لآل سعود إلى بيومي.[14] واستمرت المدفوعات لعدة سنوات، وبلغ مجموعها ما بين 50 ألف دولار و75 ألف دولار. وبحسب وثائق تحقيق الكونجرس لعام 2002 في هجمات 11 سبتمبر، لم يكن البيومي هو المتلقي المباشر للشيكات؛ إنما زوجة أسامة بسنان. الذي كان من المقربين من البيومي، وقال مصدر في مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي بأن بسنان "فعل من أجل الخاطفين أكثر مما فعله البيومي". ويذكر التقرير كذلك أنه على الرغم من أن الأموال كانت مخصصة ظاهرياً لبسنان، إلا أن زوجة البيومي حاولت إيداع ثلاثة من الشيكات في حسابها الخاص.[15]


Al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar

On 15 January 2000, after attending the 2000 Al Qaeda Summit in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, future 9/11 hijackers Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar flew from Bangkok, Thailand to Los Angeles, California. Al-Bayoumi reportedly helped these two hijackers to settle in the United States, eventually finding them housing in the neighborhood where he resided. During the period that he did so, his salary greatly increased.[16]

The final 9/11 Commission Report noted:

Hazmi and Mihdhar were ill-prepared for a mission in the United States. ... Neither had spent any substantial time in the West, and neither spoke much, if any, English. It would therefore be plausible that they or [Khalid Sheikh Mohammed] would have tried to identify, in advance, a friendly contact for them in the United States. ... We believe it unlikely that Hazmi and Mihdhar ... would have come to the United States without arranging to receive assistance from one or more individuals informed in advance of their arrival."

After they landed, Al-Bayoumi met them at a restaurant. He invited them to move to San Diego with him, where he found them an apartment, co-signed the lease, and advanced them $1,500 to help pay for their rent. (The 9/11 Commission, however, concluded that "[n]either then nor later did Bayoumi give money to either Hazmi or Mihdhar.")[17] Al-Bayoumi also helped them obtain driver's licenses, rides to the Social Security office, and information on flight schools.[18] While they lived across the street from al-Bayoumi, they had no furniture, they constantly played flight simulator games, and limousines picked them up for short rides in the middle of the night. Their neighbors later said they perceived them as strange.[19] They later moved into the house of Abdussattar Shaikh, a friend of al-Bayoumi's, who was secretly working as an FBI informant at the time.[20]

An October 2012 FBI report (declassified several years after it was written) named Fahad al-Thumairy, a Saudi Islamic Affairs official and King Fahd Mosque imam, as having worked with al-Bayoumi. The report also named a third man, Mussaed Ahmed al-Jarrah, who allegedly had ordered al-Bayoumi and al-Thumairy to assist the hijackers; this man's name was not declassified, but was accidentally revealed when the FBI neglected to redact his name from a document filed in April 2020.[21]

Al-Bayoumi claims he met them by happenstance, was being kind to fellow Muslims in need, and had no idea of their plans. Some FBI officials concluded that al-Bayoumi was an unwitting accomplice of the hijackers.[22] As one explained: "We could not find any contact between him and terrorists, any involvement (with al-Qaeda). There was nothing to indicate he's any different from any of the hundreds of people who had contact with the hijackers, who were unwitting to the fact that they were going to be hijackers. It just wasn't there."[23] But one former top FBI official told Newsweek: "We firmly believed that he had knowledge [of the 9/11 plot] and that his meeting with them that day was more than coincidence."[24]

According to an FBI report from 2016, declassified by President Biden on September 12, 2021, the FBI says al-Thumairy "tasked" al-Bayoumi with providing assistance to the two hijackers. al-Thumairy also told al-Bayoumi that Al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar were, "two very significant people," more than a year before the attacks. The report goes on to state that despite al-Bayoumi's characterization of the meeting with the two hijackers as coincidental, "Caisin Bin Don", a US citizen formerly known as Clayton Morgan, reported al-Bayoumi waiting by the window for the hijackers to arrive, and had a lengthy conversation with them in Arabic. Another witness reports al-Bayoumi was often saying the Islamic community needs to "take action" and that the community was "at jihad."[1]

Arrest and release

In July 2001, Omar al-Bayoumi moved to England to pursue a PhD at Aston University. Ten days after the September 11 attacks he was arrested by British authorities working with the FBI. He was held on an immigration charge while the FBI and Scotland Yard investigated him. According to an FBI report from 2016, declassified in 2021, they found phone numbers linked to a known Tier 1 Terrorist Support Entity as well as numbers associated with the spiritual advisor to Osama bin Laden and Abu Zubaydah. Most directly, the phone number of Mutaib A Al-Sudairy, roommate of a key bin Laden logistics facilitator, Ziyad Khaleel, was found in his phone. Bayoumi called this number 5 times, each call coinciding with significant logistic support of the hijackers. Specifically, on January 24–30, 2000 in the days before he first met the hijackers, the day immediately after Bayoumi met the hijackers in February 2000, and on February 7, 2000 immediately after Hazmi and Midhar's apartment lease and living arrangements had been finalized and funds fronted by Bayoumi. Within two months, Sudairy is recorded at an address in Falls Church, Virginia, the same area where Hazmi, Midhar, Aulaqi, and Hani Hanjour established residence later in the evolution of the 9/11 plot.[1] After interrogation, he was released and went back to studying at Aston, before later moving to Saudi Arabia.

When interrogators asked Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks, whether he knew al-Bayoumi, he said that he did not.[25]

The issue was reopened when the potential links between al-Bayoumi and the Saudi Embassy were reported in the press. Under pressure from Congress, the FBI re-examined the case. They concluded that the allegations were "without merit," and they "abandoned further investigation."[26] However, contemporary news accounts reported that "countless intelligence leads that might help solve [the case] appear to have been under investigated or completely overlooked by the FBI."[27]

The final 9/11 Commission reports stated "we have seen no credible evidence that he believed in violent extremism, or knowingly aided extremist groups."[10] Despite this, the FBI reached a much different conclusion in 2016 during Operation Encore. In a report, declassified on September 12, 2021, FBI agents stated that Fahad al-Thumairy "tasked" al-Bayoumi with assisting the two hijackers upon their arrival in Los Angeles, and said they were, "two very significant people," more than a year before the attacks. Rather than the chance meeting al-Bayoumi previously described to investigators, in which al-Bayoumi was seen with al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar at a restaurant, a witness told the FBI that al-Bayoumi had been waiting at the window for their arrival, and had a lengthy conversation with them. The report says a woman told investigators that al-Bayoumi was often saying the Islamic community needs to "take action," and that the community was, "at jihad." This directly contradicts the findings of the 9/11 Commission Report and its conclusion he did not knowingly aid extremist groups.[1]

Per previously-classified memoranda released by the National Archives in May 2016, as of 6 June 2003, "the FBI "believes it is possible that he was an agent of the Saudi Government and that he may have been reporting on the local community to the Saudi Government officials. In addition, during its investigation, the FBI discovered that al-Bayoumi has ties to terrorist elements as well."[28]

In March 2022, the FBI declassified a 510-page report about 9/11 that it produced in 2017. The report found that "there is a 50/50 chance [al-Bayoumi] had advanced knowledge the 9/11 attacks were to occur" from the two Islamists he befriended that were involved in plotting 9/11. al-Bayoumi also helped the Islamists find housing in San Diego.[4] In response, 9/11 Commission chairman and former New Jersey governor Tom Kean said that "If that's true I'd be upset by it", adding "The FBI said it wasn't withholding anything and we believed them."[4]

References

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  2. ^ أ ب Mathis-Lilley, Ben (April 11, 2016). "Your Guide to the 28 Classified Pages About Saudi Arabia and 9/11 That Obama Might Release". Slate. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
  3. ^ "FBI begins declassifying documents into Saudi 9/11 links". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 2021-09-12. Archived from the original on 2021-09-12. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  4. ^ أ ب ت Kelly, Mike (2022-03-13). "Exclusive: New FBI documents link Saudi spy in California to 9/11 attacks - Mike Kelly". NorthJersey.com (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 2022-03-27. Retrieved 2022-03-28.
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  11. ^ أ ب Glenn R. Simpson. "Riyadh Paid Man Linked to Sept. 11 Hijackers". Archived from the original on 2004-08-05. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
  12. ^ Final Report on the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. pp. 218, 515 n.18. Archived from the original on 2019-12-04. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  13. ^ "Documents Responsive to Executive Order 14040 2(c) Part 1". FBI (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). July 1, 2002. p. 45. Archived from the original on 2022-04-18. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
  14. ^ "Mystery men link Saudi intelligence to Sept 11 hijackers". TheGuardian.com. 25 November 2002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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  17. ^ Final Report on the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. p. 219. Archived from the original on 2019-12-04. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  18. ^ "Funding Terror". In These Times. Archived from the original on 2004-11-12. Retrieved 2004-07-23.
  19. ^ "TIME.com - One Nation, Indivisible". www.time.com. Archived from the original on 16 September 2001. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
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  21. ^ Isikoff, Michael (12 May 2020). "FBI Goofs, Reveals Name Of Saudi Official Suspected Of Supporting 9/11 Hijackers". HuffPost (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  22. ^ Shannon, Elaine; Zagorin, Adam; Duffy, Michael. "Feds Doubt Allegations of Saudi Terror Funding". Time. Archived from the original on 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  23. ^ Shannon, Elaine; Zagorin, Adam; Duffy, Michael. "Feds Doubt Allegations of Saudi Terror Funding". Time. Archived from the original on 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2014-12-23.
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  26. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A51669-2003Sep9&notFound=true[dead link]
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