تما
Tema | |
|---|---|
مدينة | |
 أعلى اليسار: Cargo ships with Intermodal containers being loaded in the Industrial Tema Harbour • First-Top right picture: Petroleum Processing and Refining Plant and Natural-Gas Processing Plant in Tema • Second-Bottom right picture: Valco Roundabout of State-owned Aluminium Corporation Valco (Volta Aluminum Company) in Tema. | |
 [[Tema Metropolis District|]] | |
  Tema موقع تما في Greater Accra Region، جنوب غانا | |
| الإحداثيات: 05°40′N 00°00′W / 5.667°N -0.000°ECoordinates: 05°40′N 00°00′W / 5.667°N -0.000°E | |
| البلد |  غانا |
| المنطقة الإدارية | منطقة أكرا الكبرى |
| District | Tema Metropolitan District |
| الحكومة | |
| • Mayor | Felix Mensah Nii Anang-La |
| المنسوب | 1 m (3 ft) |
| التعداد (2013) | |
| • الإجمالي | 161٬612[1] |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC0 (GMT) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | GMT |
| Postal codes | GT000 - GT345 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | 030 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | http://tma.gov.gh |
تـِما Tema هي مدينة على ساحل غانا على خليج بنين والمحيط الأطلسي. وتقع على بعد 25 كم شرق العاصمة أكرا، في منطقة أكرا الكبرى، وهي عاصمة منطقة تما العمرانية. وفي 2013، كانت ترتيب تما الحادي عشر بين المدن الأكثر اكتظاظاً بالسكان في غانا، بتعداد يناهز 161,612 نسمة – وهو انخفاض بارز من تعداد سنة 2005 الذي كان 209,000 نسمة.[2] خط زوال گرينتش (خط الطول صفر) يمر مباشرة في المدينة.[3] الكنية المحلية لـتـِما هو "المدينة المرفأ Harbour City" لوضعها كأكبر ميناء بحري في غانا. وتتكون من 25 حي سكني مرقمين وكل منهم له وصول يسير للسلع الأساسية.[4]
Tema is a city constructed on the site of a small fishing village. Tema was commissioned by Ghana's first president, Kwame Nkrumah, and grew rapidly after the construction of a large harbour in 1961. The Tema metropolis was designed, planned and developed by the award-winning urban planner and Ghana's first architect, Theodore S. Clerk. [5] It is now a major trading centre, home to an oil refinery and numerous factories, and is linked to Accra by a highway and railway. Tema is one of Ghana's two deep seaports, the other being Sekondi-Takoradi.[3] Tema became an Autonomous Council in 1974 and was elevated to the status of a Metropolitan Assembly in December 1990. Tema metropolitan forms part of the sixteen (16) Metropolis, Municipalities and Districts in the Greater Accra Region. The Metropolitan shares boundaries with Ashaiman Municipal, Adentan Municipal, and ledzokuku Krowor Municipal to the west respectively, to the east with Kpone Katamanso District, to the North with Dangme West District and to the South with the Gulf of Guinea.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التاريخ
Before the independence, the government identified a small fishing village called Torman as the site for an ultra modern seaport for the new Ghana. Torman residents also grew the calabash plant (gourd), known as Tor in the local language, hence the name of the village Tor-man (gourd-land) which was corrupted to TEMA.
Climate
Tema is characterised by a tropical savanna climate under the Koppen climate classification. It lies in the driest part of southern Ghana, experiencing average annual rainfall of about 750 millimetres (30 in). Average temperatures are high year-round, often exceeding 30° Celsius.[3]
| بيانات مناخ تـِما | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 31.7 (89) |
32.2 (90) |
32.2 (90) |
32.8 (91) |
32.2 (90) |
30 (86) |
27.8 (82) |
28.3 (83) |
29.4 (85) |
30 (86) |
31.7 (89) |
32.8 (91) |
32٫8 (91) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 22.8 (73) |
23.9 (75) |
24.4 (76) |
25.6 (78) |
25 (77) |
23.9 (75) |
22.8 (73) |
23.3 (74) |
23.9 (75) |
22.8 (73) |
22.8 (73) |
24.4 (76) |
22٫8 (73) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 8 (0.3) |
25 (1.0) |
25 (1.0) |
127 (5.0) |
127 (5.0) |
152 (6.0) |
76 (3.0) |
25 (1.0) |
76 (3.0) |
76 (3.0) |
25 (1.0) |
8 (0.3) |
752 (29٫6) |
| Source: Myweather2.com[6] | |||||||||||||
الاقتصاد
الصناعة
The town's chief industrial products include aluminium, steel, processed fish, refined petroleum, textile, chemicals, food products, and cement.[2] Major companies operating in Tema include Volta Aluminium (VALCO), Tema Oil Refinery (TOR), Nestlé Ghana Ltd., Wahome Steel Ltd, Tema Shipyard.[7] There is also a Free zone enclave in Tema.
الميناء البحري
Tema Port, which was opened in 1962, is the biggest of the two seaports in Ghana. It has a water-enclosed area of 1.7 square kilometres (0.66 sq mi) and a total land area of 3.9 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi). Apart from handling Ghanaian imports and exports, it is also a traffic junction, dealing with transit cargo destined for the landlocked countries of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. The port of Tema handles 80% of Ghana's import and export cargo, including the country's chief export, cacao.
The port has 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) of breakwaters, 12 deepwater berths, an outsize oil tanker berth, a dockyard, warehouses, and transit sheds. The port has open and covered areas for the storage of cargo, including a 77,200-m² (7.72-hectare) paved area for the storage of containers, steel products and other conventional cargo. The port's container yard is capable of holding over 8,000 TEUs at any given time. The closed storage area, which is about 25,049 m² (2.51 hectares) in area, consists of six sheds with a total storage capacity of 50,000 tonnes of cargo. The port also includes a 100,000-dwt dry dock and slipway facility.[8] The harbour is operated by the Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority.
مرفأ الصيد
Ghana has a long history of fishing. The Tema fishing harbour is at the eastern end of the town's commercial harbour. It comprises the Inner Fishing Harbour, the Canoe Basin, the Outer Fishing Harbour, and a commercial area with marketing and cold storage facilities.[9]
المدن التوأم
| البلد | المدينة | County / District / Region / State | التاريخ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
المملكة المتحدة | 
|
گرينتش | لندن الكبرى | 1990 | |
|
المملكة المتحدة | 
|
سان دييگو | 
|
كاليفورنيا | 1976 |
|
|
المملكة المتحدة | روانوك | 
|
ڤرجينيا | 2010 | |
|
|
الولايات المتحدة | 
|
كلومبيا | 
|
مريلاند | 2013 |
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الهامش
- ^ "Ghana: Die wichtigsten Orte mit Statistiken zu ihrer Bevölkerung" (in German). World Gazetteer. 2012. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ أ ب Tema Archived 17 مايو 2011 at the Wayback Machine. GhanaWeb.com. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت Greater Accra » Tema Metropolitan Archived 2 نوفمبر 2010 at the Wayback Machine. GhanaDistricts.com. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ Tema. "Tema Communities". thecityoftema.com. the city of Tema. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ^ Goold, David. "Dictionary of Scottish Architects - DSA Architect Biography Report (July 2, 2017, 11:06 pm)". www.scottisharchitects.org.uk. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Tema Weather Averages". Myweather2. 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ "P.S.C. Tema Shipyard Ltd". ghanaweb.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Tema Archived 4 مارس 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةOTAL
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