النقاط الحرجة للعناصر (صفحة البيانات)
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النقاط الحرجة
| ref | Tc(K) | Tc(°C) | Pc(MPa) | Pc(other) | Vc(cm³/mol) | ρc(g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 H هيدروجين | ||||||
| use | 32.97 | -240.18 | 1.293 | |||
| CRC.a | 32.97 | -240.18 | 1.293 | 65 | ||
| KAL | 33.2 | 1.297 | 65.0 | |||
| SMI | -239.9 | 13.2 kgf/cm² | 0.0310 | |||
| 1 H هيدروجين (equilibrium) | ||||||
| LNG | -240.17 | 1.294 | 12.77 atm | 65.4 | 0.0308 | |
| 1 H هيدروجين (normal) | ||||||
| LNG | -239.91 | 1.297 | 12.8 atm | 65.0 | 0.0310 | |
| 1 H هيدروجين-2 | ||||||
| KAL | 38.2 | 1.65 | 60 | |||
| 1 H هيدروجين-2 (equilibrium) | ||||||
| LNG | -234.8 | 1.650 | 16.28 atm | 60.4 | 0.0668 | |
| 1 H هيدروجين-2 (normal) | ||||||
| LNG | -234.7 | 1.665 | 16.43 atm | 60.3 | 0.0669 | |
| 2 He هيليوم | ||||||
| use | 5.19 | -267.96 | 0.227 | |||
| CRC.a | 5.19 | -267.96 | 0.227 | 57 | ||
| KAL | 5.19 | 0.227 | 57.2 | |||
| SMI | -267.9 | 2.34 kgf/cm² | 0.0693 | |||
| 2 He هيليوم (equilibrium) | ||||||
| LNG | -267.96 | 0.2289 | 2.261 atm | 0.06930 | ||
| 2 He هيليوم-3 | ||||||
| LNG | -269.85 | 0.1182 | 1.13 atm | 72.5 | 0.0414 | |
| 2 He helium-4 | ||||||
| LNG | -267.96 | 0.227 | 2.24 atm | 57.3 | 0.0698 | |
| 3 Li ليثيوم | ||||||
| use | (3223) | (2950) | (67) | |||
| CRC.b | (3223) | 2950 | (67) | (66) | ||
| 7 N نيتروجين | ||||||
| use | 126.21 | -146.94 | 3.39 | |||
| CRC.a | 126.21 | -146.94 | 3.39 | 90 | ||
| KAL | 126.2 | 3.39 | 89.5 | |||
| SMI | -147.1 | 34.7 kgf/cm² | 0.3110 | |||
| 7 N نيتروجين-14 | ||||||
| LNG | -146.94 | 3.39 | 33.5 atm | 89.5 | 0.313 | |
| 7 N نيتروجين-15 | ||||||
| LNG | -146.8 | 3.39 | 33.5 atm | 90.4 | 0.332 | |
| 8 O oxygen | ||||||
| use | 154.59 | -118.56 | 5.043 | |||
| CRC.a | 154.59 | -118.56 | 5.043 | 73 | ||
| LNG | -118.56 | 5.043 | 49.77 atm | 73.4 | 0.436 | |
| KAL | 154.6 | 5.04 | 73.4 | |||
| SMI | -118.8 | 51.4 kgf/cm² | 0.430 | |||
| 9 F فلور | ||||||
| use | 144.13 | -129.02 | 5.172 | |||
| CRC.a | 144.13 | -129.02 | 5.172 | 66 | ||
| LNG | -129.0 | 5.215 | 51.47 atm | 66.2 | 0.574 | |
| KAL | 144.3 | 5.22 | 66 | |||
| 10 Ne نيون | ||||||
| use | 44.4 | -228.7 | 2.76 | |||
| CRC.a | 44.4 | -228.7 | 2.76 | 42 | ||
| LNG | -228.71 | 2.77 | 27.2 atm | 41.7 | 0.4835 | |
| KAL | 44.4 | 2.76 | 41.7 | |||
| SMI | -228.7 | 26.8 kgf/cm² | 0.484 | |||
| 11 Na صوديوم | ||||||
| use | (2573) | (2300) | (35) | |||
| CRC.b | (2573) | 2300 | (35) | (116) | ||
| 15 P فسفور | ||||||
| use | 994 | 721 | ||||
| CRC.a | 994 | 721 | ||||
| LNG | 721 | |||||
| 16 S كبريت | ||||||
| use | 1314 | 1041 | 20.7 | |||
| CRC.a | 1314 | 1041 | 20.7 | |||
| LNG | 1041 | 11.7 | 116 atm | |||
| KAL | 1314 | 20.7 | ||||
| SMI | 1040 | |||||
| 17 Cl كلور | ||||||
| use | 416.9 | 143.8 | 7.991 | |||
| CRC.a | 416.9 | 143.8 | 7.991 | 123 | ||
| LNG | 143.8 | 7.71 | 76.1 atm | 124 | 0.573 | |
| KAL | 416.9 | 7.98 | 124 | |||
| SMI | 144.0 | 78.7 kgf/cm² | 0.573 | |||
| 18 Ar أرجون | ||||||
| use | 150.87 | -122.28 | 4.898 | |||
| CRC.a | 150.87 | -122.28 | 4.898 | 75 | ||
| LNG | -122.3 | 4.87 | 48.1 atm | 74.6 | 0.536 | |
| KAL | 150.9 | 4.90 | 74.6 | |||
| SMI | -122 | 49.7 kgf/cm² | 0.531 | |||
| 19 K بوتاسيوم | ||||||
| use | (2223) | (1950) | (16) | |||
| CRC.b | (2223) | 1950 | (16) | (209) | ||
| 33 As زرنيخ | ||||||
| use | 1673 | 1400 | ||||
| CRC.a | 1673 | 1400 | 35 | |||
| LNG | 1400 | |||||
| 34 Se سلنيوم | ||||||
| use | 1766 | 1493 | 27.2 | |||
| CRC.a | 1766 | 1493 | 27.2 | |||
| LNG | 1493 | |||||
| 35 Br بروم | ||||||
| use | 588 | 315 | 10.34 | |||
| CRC.a | 588 | 315 | 10.34 | 127 | ||
| LNG | 315 | 10.3 | 102 atm | 135 | 1.184 | |
| KAL | 588 | 10.3 | 127 | |||
| SMI | 302 | 1.18 | ||||
| 36 Kr كريبتون | ||||||
| use | 209.41 | -63.74 | 5.50 | |||
| CRC.a | 209.41 | -63.74 | 5.50 | 91 | ||
| LNG | -63.75 | 5.50 | 54.3 atm | 91.2 | 0.9085 | |
| KAL | 209.4 | 5.50 | 91.2 | |||
| 37 Rb روبيديوم | ||||||
| use | (2093) | (1820) | (16) | |||
| CRC.b | (2093) | 1820 | (16) | (247) | ||
| LNG | 1832 | 250 | 0.34 | |||
| 53 I يود | ||||||
| use | 819 | 546 | 11.7 | |||
| CRC.a | 819 | 546 | 155 | |||
| LNG | 546 | 11.7 | 115 atm | 155 | 0.164 | |
| KAL | 819 | 155 | ||||
| SMI | 553 | |||||
| 54 Xe إكسينون | ||||||
| use | 289.77 | 16.62 | 5.841 | |||
| CRC.c | 289.77 | 16.62 | 5.841 | 118 | ||
| LNG | 16.583 | 5.84 | 57.64 atm | 118 | 1.105 | |
| KAL | 289.7 | 5.84 | 118 | |||
| SMI | 16.6 | 60.2 kgf/cm² | 1.155 | |||
| 55 Cs سيزيوم | ||||||
| use | 1938 | 1665 | 9.4 | |||
| CRC.d | 1938 | 1665 | 9.4 | 341 | ||
| LNG | 1806 | 300 | 0.44 | |||
| 80 Hg زئبق | ||||||
| use | 1750 | 1477 | 172.00 | |||
| CRC.a | 1750 | 1477 | 172.00 | 43 | ||
| LNG | 1477 | 160.8 | 1587 atm | |||
| KAL | 1750 | 172 | 42.7 | |||
| SMI | 1460±20 | 1640±50 kgf/cm² | 0.5 | |||
| 86 Rn رادون | ||||||
| use | 377 | 104 | 6.28 | |||
| CRC.a | 377 | 104 | 6.28 | |||
| LNG | 104 | 6.28 | 62 atm | 139 | 1.6 | |
| KAL | 377 | 6.3 | ||||
| SMI | 104 | 64.1 kgf/cm² | ||||
المصادر
CRC.a-d
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Critical Constants. Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements
- Estimated accuracy for Tc and Pc is indicated by the number of digits. Above 750 K Tc values may be in error by 10 K or more. Vc values are not assumed accurate more than to a few percent. Parentheses indicate extrapolated values. From these sources:
- (a) D. Ambrose, Vapor-Liquid Constants of Fluids, in R.M. Stevenson, S. Malanowski, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, (1987).
- (b) I.G. Dillon, P.A. Nelson, B.S. Swanson, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4229, (1966).
- (c) O. Sifner, J. Klomfar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, 63, (1994).
- (d) N.B. Vargaftik, Int. J. Thermophys. 11, 467, (1990).
LNG
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6; Table 6.5 Critical Properties
KAL
National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants; D. Ambrose, M.B. Ewing, M.L. McGlashan, Critical constants and second virial coefficients of gases (retrieved Dec 2005)
SMI
W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 259, Critical Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities of Gases