هجوم ربيع 1945 في إيطاليا
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هجوم ربيع عام 1945 في إيطاليا هي آخر الحملات التي قامت بها قوات الحلفاء في إيطاليا في الحرب العالمية الثانية ما بين 9 أبريل إلى 2 مايو 1945 بغرض الاستيلاء على ما تبقى من أراضيها في يد القوات الألمانية، وانتهت بالاستسلام النهائي للقوات الألمانية في إيطاليا.
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خطة الهجوم
المعركة
Aftermath
Secret surrender negotiations between representatives of the Germans and Western Allies had taken place in Switzerland (Operation Crossword) in March but had resulted only in protests from the Russians that the Western Allies were attempting to negotiate a separate peace.
On 28 April, von Vietinghoff (who by then was in Bolzano under siege by partisans) sent emissaries to Allied Army headquarters. On 29 April, they signed an instrument of surrender to the effect that hostilities would formally end on 2 May.[5] Confirmation from von Vietinghoff of the arrangements did not reach Allied 15th Army Group headquarters until the morning of 2 May. It emerged that Kesselring had had his authority as Commander of the West extended to include Italy and had replaced von Vietinghoff with General Schulz from Army Group G on hearing of the plans. However, after a period of confusion during which the news of Hitler's death arrived, Schulz obtained Kesselring's agreement to the surrender and von Vietinghoff was reinstated to see it through.[6]
See also
Notes
- Footnotes
- ^ Total army group strength including Lines of Communication and support troops totalled 1,333,856[1]
- ^ In addition the army group had 91,000 Lines of Communication and anti-aircraft troops and controlled a further 100,000 local police[3]
- ^ From 9 April 1945 until the end of Operation Grapeshot, thus casualties exclude those suffered during the preliminary operations.
5th Army: 7,965 casualties. American: 6,834 (1,288 killed, 5,453 wounded and 93 missing) casualties; South African: 537 (89 killed, 445 wounded and 3 missing) casualties; Brazilian: 594 (65 killed, 482 wounded and 47 missing) casualties.
8th Army: 7,193 casualties. British: 3,068 (708 killed, 2,258 wounded and 102 missing) casualties; New Zealand: 1,381 (241 killed and 1,140 wounded) casualties; Indian: 1,076 (198 killed, 863 wounded and 15 missing) casualties; Colonial: 46 (11 killed and 35 wounded) casualties; Polish: 1,622 (260 killed, 1,355 wounded and 7 missing) casualties.
Italians fighting with both armies: 1,100 (242 killed, 828 wounded and 30 missing) casualties.[4] - ^ British estimated around 30,000 casualties were inflicted upon the Axis forces during this offensive, while a German staff officer estimated 32,000 casualties suffered during Operation Grapeshot.[4]
- Citations
وصلات خارجية
[[تصنيف:معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شاركت فيها المملكة المتحدة ]]
- Italian Campaign
- World War II defensive lines
- World War II operations and battles of the Italian Campaign
- معارك وعمليات الحرب العالمية الثانية التي تضمنت ألمانيا
- 1945 in Italy
- Conflicts in 1945
- معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شاركت فيها المملكة المتحدة
- معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شاركت فيها الهند
- معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شاركت فيها پولندا
- معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شاركت فيها نيوزيلندا
- Battles and operations of World War II involving South Africa
- Battles and operations of World War II involving Brazil
- معارك الحرب العالمية الثانية التي شاركت فيها إيطاليا
- Battles of World War II involving Canada
- الحرب العالمية الثانية