مقاطعة كرن، كاليفورنيا

Kern County, California
County
County of Kern
DowntownBakersfield.jpg
2009-0726-CA-NationalChavezCenter.jpg
Fort Tejon Barracks from CO Qtrs.JPG
F-35 at Edwards.jpg
MidwaySunsetWells.jpg
Seal of Kern County, California.png
Seal
Interactive map of Kern County
Location in the state of California
Location in the state of California
الإحداثيات: 35°20′N 118°43′W / 35.34°N 118.72°W / 35.34; -118.72Coordinates: 35°20′N 118°43′W / 35.34°N 118.72°W / 35.34; -118.72
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
Incorporated2 أبريل 1866; منذ 158 سنة (1866-04-02
السمِيْKern River and Edward Kern
County seat (and largest city)Bakersfield
الحكومة
 • النوعCouncil–Administration
 • الكيانBoard of Supervisors
 • ChairZack Scrivner
 • Vice ChairPhillip Peters
 • Board of Supervisors
 • Chief Administrative OfficerRyan J. Alsop
المساحة
 • الإجمالي8٬163 ميل² (21٬140 كم²)
 • البر8٬132 ميل² (21٬060 كم²)
 • الماء31 ميل² (80 كم²)
أعلى منسوب
[1]
8٬755 ft (2٬669 m)
أوطى منسوب
[1]
206 ft (63 m)
التعداد
 (2020 Census)[2]
 • الإجمالي909٬235
 • الكثافة110/sq mi (43/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area code661, 760
FIPS code06-029
GNIS feature ID2054176
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.co.kern.ca.us

مقاطعة كـِرن إنگليزية: Kern County هي إحدى مقاطعات وسط ولاية كاليفورنيا في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. As of the 2020 census, the population was 909,235.[2] Its county seat is Bakersfield.[3]

Kern County comprises the Bakersfield, California, Metropolitan statistical area. The county spans the southern end of the Central Valley. Covering 8,161.42 square miles (21,138.0 km2), it ranges west to the southern slope of the Coast Ranges, and east beyond the southern slope of the eastern Sierra Nevada into the Mojave Desert, at the city of Ridgecrest. Its northernmost city is Delano, and its southern reach extends to just beyond Frazier Park ,and the northern extremity of the parallel Antelope Valley.

The county's economy is heavily linked to agriculture and to petroleum extraction. There is also a strong aviation, space, and military presence, such as Edwards Air Force Base, the China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station, and the Mojave Air and Space Port.

With a population that is 54.9% Hispanic as of 2020, Kern is California's third-most populous majority-Hispanic county and the sixth-largest nationwide.[4]

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History

Indigenous Era

Native Americans lived in this region for thousands and thousands of years: Chumash, tribes grouped together under the settler name Yokuts, and others.[5]

Spanish era

Spain claimed the area in 1769. Entering from Grapevine Canyon to the south in 1772, Commander Don Pedro Fages became the first European to set foot in the area.

The Battle of San Emigdio took place in Kern County in March 1824. The Chumash Native Americans of Mission Santa Barbara rebelled against the Mexican government and its taking over mission property and ejecting the natives. The battle occurred in the canyon where San Emigdio Creek flows down San Emigdio Mountain and the Blue Ridge, south of Bakersfield near today's Highway 166. Mexican forces from Monterey were commanded by Carlos Carrillo and the conflict was a low-casualty encounter, with only four Native Americans being killed and no Mexicans. The surviving Native Americans were pacified and brought back to Santa Barbara in June 1824 after a pursuit and negotiation in which many were allowed to keep their arms for the return march over the mountains.[6]

American era

The Havilah Court building was restored in the 1970s and now serves as a museum. Photo circa 2007.

In the beginning, what was to become Kern County was dominated by mining in the mountains and in the desert. In 1855 the California legislature attempted to form a county in the area by giving the southeastern territory of Tulare County on the west of the Sierra Nevada Mountains to Buena Vista County. However, it was never officially organized prior to 1859, when the enabling legislation expired. The south of Tulare County was later organized as Kern County in 1866, with additions from Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties. Its first county seat was the mining town of Havilah, in the mountains east of Bakersfield and north of Tehachapi.[7]

Settlers considered the flat land of the valley inhospitable and impassable at the time due to swamps, lakes, tule reeds and diseases such as malaria. This changed when residents started draining land for farming and constructing canals, most dug by hired Chinese laborers. Within 10 years the valley surpassed the mining areas as the economic power of the county, and as a result the county seat was moved from Havilah to Bakersfield in 1874.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In 1899, the discovery well of the Kern River Oil Field was dug by hand[8] and soon the towns of Oil City, Oil Center and Oildale came into existence.[8]

Etymology

The county derives its name from the Kern River, which was named for Edward Kern, cartographer for General John C. Frémont's 1845 expedition, which crossed Walker Pass. The Kern River was originally named Rio Bravo de San Felipe by Father Francisco Garcés when he explored the area in 1776.

Earthquakes

المقالة الرئيسية: 1952 Kern County earthquake and 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes

Throughout recorded history, severe earthquakes have struck Kern County, including the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake.

Demographics

انظر أيضاً: List of populated places in Kern County, California
التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
18702٬925—
18805٬60191٫5%
18909٬80875٫1%
190016٬48068�0%
191037٬715128٫9%
192054٬84345٫4%
193082٬57050٫6%
1940135٬12463٫6%
1950228٬30969�0%
1960291٬98427٫9%
1970329٬16212٫7%
1980403٬08922٫5%
1990543٬47734٫8%
2000661٬64521٫7%
2010839٬63126٫9%
2020909٬2358٫3%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790–1960[10] 1900–1990[11]
1990–2000[12] 2010[13] 2020[2]

According to the 2020 United States Census, Kern County's population was 909,235.[2] It was the eleventh-largest county by population in California.[14] The center of population of California is located in Kern County, in the town of Buttonwillow [1].

2020 census

Kern County, California - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[13] Pop 2020[15] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 323,794 279,600 38.56% 30.75%
Black or African American alone (NH) 45,377 46,776 5.40% 5.14%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 5,893 5,197 0.70% 0.57%
Asian alone (NH) 33,100 44,257 3.94% 4.87%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 995 1,127 0.12% 0.12%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 1,472 4,557 0.18% 0.50%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 15,967 28,563 1.90% 3.14%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 413,033 499,158 49.19% 54.90%
Total 839,631 909,235 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

According to the 2020 United States Census:[16]

  • Hispanic (54.9%)
  • White Non-Hispanic (30.8%)
  • Black (5.5%)
  • Asian (5.1%)
  • Two or more races (16.1%)
  • Indigenous (2.0%)
  • Some other race (30.2%)

(Total can be greater than 100% because Hispanics may be counted in any race.)


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Economy

The county has a large agricultural base and is a significant producer of oil, natural gas, hydro-electric power, Biomass, solar power, and wind power. Kern is noted for minerals, including gold, borate, and kernite. The largest open pit mine in California, which mines borax, is at Boron.[17] As of October 1, 2016, Kern County contains nearly 25% of California's in-state renewable energy production, including 1,785 MW of solar power and 3,310 MW of wind power.[18] Kern County is home to the Tehachapi Energy Storage Project, which was commissioned in 2014.[19]

Aerospace and military

Department of Defense facilities include Edwards Air Force Base and China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station. As home to Edwards Air Force Base the Air Force's main flight test facility, Kern has been the site of many milestones, including the first supersonic flight and the first landing of the Space Shuttle. The base has brought prosperity to the railroad towns of Mojave and Rosamond.[20] Kern County is also the home of the first inland spaceport in the United States, the Mojave Spaceport.[21]

Agriculture

Major producer of almonds with production greater than 100 million pounds annually.[22]

Petroleum

اعتبارا من 2015, Kern is California's top oil-producing county, with 78% of the state's 56,653 active oil wells and 71% of oil production.[23][24] The county produced 144.5 million barrels of oil in 2015, accounting for about 4% of overall U.S. oil production.[23][25]

Discovery and development

Oil development began with the 1894 discovery of the Midway-Sunset Oil Field, now the third-largest in the United States, in the southwestern portion of Kern County near Maricopa. The 1899 discovery along the Kern River was a breakthrough in oil production.[8] Oil was refined here even before the establishment of the county.[8] The Buena Vista Petroleum Company was organized and incorporated in 1864.[8] Soon thereafter a refinery was built that operated until April 1867 when work ceased because of high freight charges.[8]

The 1910 Lakeview Gusher was the largest recorded oil strike in U.S. history. The well spewed approximately nine million barrels for 18 months before workers finally were able to cap it.[26]

Other big oil fields in southwestern Kern County discovered early in the 20th century include the Buena Vista, the South Belridge and the Cymric fields. The latter is the fastest-growing field in California in terms of barrels produced per year.[27] Later large fields include the Kern River Oil Field, the fifth-largest in the U.S., the adjacent Kern Front Oil Field, the Mount Poso Oil Field in the lower foothills of the Sierra north-northeast of Bakersfield and the Fruitvale Oil Field, which underlies much of the city of Bakersfield, along and north of the Kern River.[28][29]

On July 22, 2009, Occidental Petroleum announced it had discovered the equivalent of 150 million to 250 million barrels of oil in Kern County, which the company called the largest oil discovery in California in 35 years. The find added about 10 percent to California's known reserves. Occidental's Ray Irani said it is likely that more oil would be found in the areas outside the initial six wells that tapped the discovery. Occidental has not revealed the exact location of the find, two-thirds of which is natural gas. BNET, an industry web publication, said the find would add to the company's 708 million barrels of proven reserves in California.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Petroleum today

The county today contributes more than three-quarters of all the oil produced onshore in California.[27] Some of the large oil fields in Kern County which are still active include:

Communities

Population reported at 2010 United States Census
The County Total
Population		 White African
American		 Native
American		 Asian Pacific
Islander		 other
races		 two or
more races		 Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race)
Kern County 839,631 499,766 48,921 12,676 34,846 1,252 204,314 37,856 413,033
Incorporated
city		 Total
Population		 White African
American		 Native
American		 Asian Pacific
Islander		 other
races		 two or
more races		 Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race)
Arvin 19,304 10,247 192 240 155 6 7,655 809 17,892
Bakersfield 347,483 197,349 28,368 5,102 21,432 478 77,686 17,068 158,205
California City 14,120 9,188 2,150 132 367 59 1,431 793 5,385
Delano 53,041 19,304 4,191 501 6,757 30 20,307 1,951 37,913
Maricopa 1,154 958 1 27 16 2 112 38 232
McFarland 12,707 5,433 236 171 84 6 6,330 447 11,625
Ridgecrest 27,616 21,387 1,113 341 1,209 143 1,836 1,587 4,941
Shafter 16,988 8,150 219 198 111 19 7,645 646 13,634
Taft 9,327 7,388 396 118 93 65 1,023 244 3,353
Tehachapi 14,414 9,426 1,297 206 238 21 2,725 501 5,466
Wasco 25,545 12,579 1,951 283 180 12 9,714 826 19,585
Census-designated
place		 Total
Population		 White African
American		 Native
American		 Asian Pacific
Islander		 other
races		 two or
more races		 Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race)
Bear Valley Springs 5,172 4,776 74 46 57 3 89 127 399
Bodfish 1,956 1,758 4 50 13 3 49 79 189
Boron 2,253 1,746 162 49 47 4 141 104 406
Buttonwillow 1,508 534 36 11 10 0 890 27 1,183
Cherokee Strip 227 84 0 4 0 0 117 22 187
China Lake Acres 1,876 1,601 35 29 16 7 84 104 265
Derby Acres 322 289 0 1 0 0 23 9 36
Dustin Acres 652 539 4 9 1 0 71 28 129
Edmundson Acres 279 108 5 3 1 0 143 19 225
Edwards Air Force Base 2,063 1,518 165 16 99 10 96 159 355
Fellows 106 94 1 5 0 0 2 4 11
Ford City 4,278 2,735 28 153 36 32 1,113 181 1,971
Frazier Park 2,691 2,297 16 31 22 3 212 110 528
Fuller Acres 991 607 13 12 1 0 329 29 768
Golden Hills 8,656 7,235 129 124 120 15 670 363 1,674
Greenacres 5,566 4,612 49 116 70 8 511 200 1,119
Greenfield 3,991 2,512 71 63 45 1 1,112 187 2,263
Inyokern 1,099 930 14 24 25 2 49 55 116
Johannesburg 172 152 2 2 8 0 0 8 8
Keene 431 385 2 10 8 0 16 10 47
Kernville 1,395 1,257 1 19 7 0 33 78 82
Lake Isabella 3,466 3,069 6 96 18 7 73 197 339
Lake of the Woods 917 820 3 18 11 0 34 31 123
Lamont 15,120 6,677 130 230 72 9 7,351 651 14,293
Lebec 1,468 1,152 14 46 17 0 148 91 395
Lost Hills 2,412 132 5 1 17 1 2,232 24 2,354
McKittrick 115 101 1 1 0 0 7 5 9
Mettler 136 74 0 0 0 0 43 19 109
Mexican Colony 281 162 0 15 0 0 93 11 227
Mojave 4,238 2,381 638 54 53 19 867 226 1,592
Mountain Mesa 777 687 7 16 6 2 27 32 77
North Edwards 1,058 847 43 26 20 1 60 61 179
Oildale 32,684 27,463 255 590 316 30 2,635 1,395 6,301
Onyx 475 406 4 9 0 0 16 40 30
Pine Mountain Club 2,315 2,079 29 25 45 0 58 79 231
Randsburg 69 62 0 4 2 0 0 1 2
Rosamond 18,150 11,294 1,476 221 658 66 3,258 1,177 6,230
Rosedale 14,058 11,695 208 159 389 24 997 586 2,495
Smith Corner 524 227 10 3 2 3 263 16 440
South Taft 2,169 1,404 21 55 5 11 596 77 931
Squirrel Mountain Valley 547 509 2 9 1 0 13 13 22
Stallion Springs 2,488 2,239 30 26 32 7 79 75 285
Taft Heights 1,949 1,602 15 35 11 0 220 66 441
Tupman 161 149 0 0 0 0 2 10 12
Valley Acres 527 428 1 10 1 0 42 45 121
Weedpatch 2,658 1,212 8 78 14 0 1,237 109 2,484
Weldon 2,642 2,375 5 82 11 1 53 115 217
Wofford Heights 2,200 2,037 6 41 10 1 26 79 156
Other
unincorporated areas		 Total
Population		 White African
American		 Native
American		 Asian Pacific
Islander		 other
races		 two or
more races		 Hispanic
or Latino
(of any race)
All others not CDPs (combined) 138,644 81,305 5,079 2,730 1,907 141 41,670 5,812 82,746


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Cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Former places

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Kern County.[33]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census)
1 † Bakersfield City 403,455
2 Delano City 51,428
3 Oildale CDP 36,135
4 Ridgecrest City 27,959
5 Wasco City 27,047
6 Rosamond CDP 20,961
7 Shafter City 19,953
8 Arvin City 19,495
9 Rosedale CDP 18,639
10 California City City 14,973
11 McFarland City 14,161
12 Lamont CDP 14,049
13 Tehachapi City 12,939
14 Golden Hills CDP 9,578
15 Taft City 8,546
16 Bear Valley Springs CDP 5,592
17 Greenacres CDP 5,496
18 Mojave CDP 4,699
19 Ford City CDP 4,348
20 Lake Isabella CDP 3,573
21 Greenfield CDP 3,447
22 Stallion Springs CDP 3,139
23 Frazier Park CDP 2,592
24 Pine Mountain Club CDP 2,422
25 Lost Hills CDP 2,370
26 Weldon CDP 2,303
27 Wofford Heights CDP 2,213
28 Weedpatch CDP 2,206
29 Edwards AFB CDP 2,135
30 South Taft CDP 2,100
31 Boron CDP 2,086
32 Bodfish CDP 2,008
33 Taft Heights CDP 1,999
34 China Lake Acres CDP 1,757
35 Kernville CDP 1,549
36 Buttonwillow CDP 1,337
37 Lebec CDP 1,239
38 North Edwards CDP 1,054
39 Maricopa City 1,026
40 Inyokern CDP 988
41 Fuller Acres CDP 917
42 Mountain Mesa CDP 823
43 Lake of the Woods CDP 790
44 Squirrel Mountain Valley CDP 760
45 Dustin Acres CDP 677
46 Smith Corner CDP 594
47 Valley Acres CDP 504
48 Keene CDP 469
49 Onyx CDP 457
50 Derby Acres CDP 301
51 Edmundson Acres CDP 296
52 Mexican Colony CDP 283
53 Cherokee Strip CDP 206
54 Tupman CDP 177
55 Johannesburg CDP 113
56 McKittrick CDP 102
57 Mettler CDP 90
58 Fellows CDP 52
59 Randsburg CDP 45

Education

School districts include:[34]

Unified:

Secondary:

Elementary:

In popular culture

The 2015 Disney film McFarland, USA, starring Kevin Costner, is based on the cross-country team in the city of McFarland, California, which is located in northern Kern County.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ أ ب Physical Features of Kern County Archived أبريل 19, 2010 at the Wayback Machine. County of Kern. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث "QuickFacts Kern county, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved فبراير 13, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on مايو 31, 2011. Retrieved يونيو 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE". 2020 Census. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved أكتوبر 10, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ "Native Land Digital Map". Native-Land.ca (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved ديسمبر 2, 2021.
  6. ^ Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of California. The History Company, Publishers. San Francisco, 1886. pp. 532-536.
  7. ^ 1865-1866 Calif. Stats., Chap. 569, § 3
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Hoover, p.128
  9. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved يناير 24, 2022.
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved سبتمبر 26, 2015.
  11. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (مارس 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved سبتمبر 26, 2015.
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. أبريل 2, 2001. Retrieved سبتمبر 26, 2015.
  13. ^ أ ب "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Kern County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  14. ^ California State Association of Counties Archived مايو 12, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Kern County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  16. ^ "2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". Retrieved فبراير 13, 2022.
  17. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on يونيو 30, 2007. Retrieved يوليو 4, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Rio Tinto Borax. Accessed July 3, 2007.
  18. ^ Tracking Progress: Renewable Energy – Overview. California Energy Commission. December 22, 2016. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. http://energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf. 
  19. ^ Edison International. "SCE Unveils Largest Battery Energy Storage Project in North America". Edison International (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved مايو 10, 2020.
  20. ^ Hoover, p. 134
  21. ^ "Gateway to Space". www.faa.gov (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved أكتوبر 18, 2019.
  22. ^ Green, Miranda (أبريل 10, 2021). "A California county, despite the state's climate goals, further embraces fossil fuels". Washington Post (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved أبريل 11, 2021.
  23. ^ أ ب "Well Count And Production Of Oil, Gas And Water By County" (PDF). Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources. California Department of Conservation. 2015. Retrieved أغسطس 1, 2017.
  24. ^ Hsu, Tiffany (January 30, 2015) "Plunging oil prices choke off boom in Bakersfield" Los Angeles Times
  25. ^ "Crude Oil Production". Energy Information Administration. 2015.
  26. ^ www.sjgs.com http://www.sjgs.com/lakeview.html. Retrieved مايو 28, 2017. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ^ أ ب California Department of Conservation, Oil and Gas Statistics, Annual Report, December 31, 2006, p. 2
  28. ^ Hluza, A.G. Calloway Area of Fruitvale Oil Field: California Division of Oil and Gas, Summary of Operations. 1961. Vol. 47 No. 2. 5-6
  29. ^ DOGGR (2009), 63
  30. ^ smayer@bakersfield.com, STEVEN MAYER. "Rural neighborhood fielding a cluster of complaints".
  31. ^ Martz, Matthew. "Victim of Old West Ranch shooting identified". Retrieved مايو 28, 2017.
  32. ^ "Tehachapi Life- Tehachapi, CA". www.tehachapilife.com. Retrieved مايو 28, 2017.
  33. ^ "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved سبتمبر 27, 2021.
  34. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Kern County, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved يوليو 25, 2022. - Text list

Further reading

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kern County.

قالب:Kern County, California

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