مذبحة عصبة بودو

Bodo League massacre
Execution of South Korean political prisoners by the South Korean military and police at Daejeon, South Korea, over several days in July 1950.jpg
Summary execution of South Korean political prisoners by the South Korean military and police at Daejeon, South Korea
المكانKorea
التاريخSummer of 1950
الهدفCommunists and suspected Communist sympathizers[1]
نوع الهجوم
Massacre
الوفيات100,000[2]–200,000[3]
المنفذونSouth Korean anticommunists
الدافعAnti-communism; fear of North Korean collaborators

مذبحة عصبة بودو (الكورية: 보도연맹 학살사건; هانجا: 保導聯盟虐殺事件؛ إنگليزية: Bodo League massacre) كانت مذبحة و جريمة حرب ضد communists and suspected sympathizers (many of whom were civilians who had no connection with communism or communists) that occurred in the summer of 1950 during the Korean War. Estimates of the death toll vary. It has been estimated that the number of victims killed is between 100,000 and 200,000.[2] The number of Bodo League members killed in Ulsan, Cheongdo County and Kimhae alone, where the number of confirmed victims was almost exactly 4,934, was 30 to 70 percent of the press alliance members massacred and more than 100 people to more than 1,000 people were killed in each county unit respectively.[4] The massacre was wrongly blamed on the communists.[5] For four decades the South Korean government concealed this massacre. Survivors were forbidden by the government from revealing it, under suspicion of being communist sympathizers. Public revelation carried with it the threat of torture and death. During the 1990s and onwards, several corpses were excavated from mass graves, resulting in public awareness of the massacre.[6][7]

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عصبة بودو

بطاقة عضوية عصبة بودو الوطنية

رئيس كوريا الجنوبية سونگمان إي had about 300,000 suspected communist sympathizers or his political opponents enrolled in an official "re-education" movement known as the عصبة بودو (or National Rehabilitation and Guidance League, National Guard Alliance,[8] National Guidance Alliance[9] National Bodo League,[10] Bodo Yeonmaeng,[8] Gukmin Bodo Ryeonmaeng, 국민보도연맹, 國民保導聯盟) on the pretext of protecting them from execution.[5][8][11] عصبة بودو أنشأها مشرعون كوريون كانوا قد تعاونوا مع اليابانيين.[12] Non-communist sympathizers and others were also forced into the Bodo League to fill enlistment quotas.[10][11]

في يونيو 1949 اتهمت حكومة كوريا الجنوبية ناشطي الاستقلال بأنهم أعضاء في عصبة بودو.[8] في 1950، مباشرة قبل اندلاع الحرب الكورية، اعتقل أول رئيس لـكوريا الجنوبية، سونگمان إي، نحو 20,000 شيوعي مزعوم.[13]


الإعدامات

Prisoners lie on the ground before execution by South Korean troops near Daejon, South Korea, July 1950. Photo by U.S. Army Maj. Abbott.[14]
South Korean soldiers walk among bodies of South Korean political prisoners shot near Daejon, South Korea, July 1950. Photo by U.S. Army Major Abbott.[14]

مفوضية الحقيقة والمصالحة

مقال رئيسي: مفوضية الحقيقة والمصالحة (كوريا الجنوبية)

In 2008, trenches containing the bodies of children were discovered in Daejeon, South Korea, and other sites.[15][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك][14] South Korea's Truth and Reconciliation Commission documented testimonies of those still alive and who took part in the executions, including former Daejeon prison guard Lee Joon-young.

Besides photographs of the execution trench sites, the National Archives in Washington D.C. released declassified photographs of U.S. soldiers at execution sites including Daejeon, confirming American military knowledge.[15][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك]

Additional photographs

  • Bodo League massacre near Daegu.jpg
  • Bodo League massacre mass grave US ARMY 1950.jpg
  • Bodo League massacre in North Chungcheong.jpg

انظر أيضاً


الهامش

  1. ^ Kim 2004, p. 533.
  2. ^ أ ب South Korea owns up to brutal past Sydney Morning Herald
  3. ^ https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=zVxeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT73#v=onepage&q&f=false
  4. ^ 진실화해위는 확인된 희생자 수만 4천934명으로 거의 정확하게 희생자 수가 밝혀진 울산ㆍ청도ㆍ김해 지역은 보도연맹원 가운데 30~70%가 학살됐고 각 군 단위에서 적게는 100여명, 많게는 1천여명이 살해된 것으로 추정된다고 밝혔다."진실화해위, 보도연맹원 4천934명 희생 확인(종합)" (in الكورية).
  5. ^ أ ب "South Korea owns up to brutal past". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
  6. ^ "진실화해위 "보도연맹원 4천934명 희생 확인" : 네이버 뉴스".
  7. ^ NEWSIS. ":: 공감언론 뉴시스통신사 ::". newsis (in الكورية). Retrieved 2017-02-15.
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث "Family tragedy indicative of S. Korea's remaining war wounds – Kim Gwang-ho is waiting for the government to apologize for state crimes committed against his father and grandfather". Hankyoreh. 23 January 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
  9. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة cbs-20090211
  10. ^ أ ب "Waiting for the truth – A missed deadline contributes to a lost history". Hankyoreh. 25 June 2007. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
  11. ^ أ ب Bae Ji-sook (3 February 2009). "Gov't Killed 3,400 Civilians During War". Korea Times. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
  12. ^ John Tirman (2011). The Deaths of Others: The Fate of Civilians in America's Wars. Oxford University Press. p. 96.
  13. ^ Kim 2004, p. 526.
  14. ^ أ ب ت Charles J. Hanley & Hyung-Jin Kim (10 July 2010). "Korea bloodbath probe ends; US escapes much blame". Associated Press. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
  15. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Fox

أعمال مذكورة

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