أوسيما

(تم التحويل من اوسيما (منطقة))
هذا المقال هو عن the contemporary region of Finland. إذا كنت تريد other uses of Uusimaa، انظر Uusimaa (disambiguation).
Uusimaa
Nyland
Region
Region of Uusimaa
Uudenmaan maakunta  (فنلندية)
Landskapet Nyland  (سويدية)
علم Uusimaa
Flag
درع Uusimaa
Coat of arms
النشيد: Uusmaalaisten laulu
Uusimaa in Red on a map of Finland
Uusimaa in Red on a map of Finland
الإحداثيات: 60°15′N 24°30′E / 60.250°N 24.500°E / 60.250; 24.500Coordinates: 60°15′N 24°30′E / 60.250°N 24.500°E / 60.250; 24.500
CountryFinland
Historical provinceUusimaa
CapitalHelsinki
الحكومة
 • Regional Mayorfi (Ossi Savolainen)
 • President of the CouncilEero Heinäluoma
المساحة
 • الإجمالي9٬568 كم² (3٬694 ميل²)
التعداد
 (December 31, 2020)
 • الإجمالي1٬703٬649
 • الكثافة176/km2 (460/sq mi)
صفة المواطنuusmaalainen (Finnish)
nylänning (Swedish)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+2 (EET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+3 (EEST)
ISO 3166 codeFI-18
NUTS181
– HDI (2019)0.958[1]
very high
Regional birdBlackbird
Regional fishZander
Regional flowerWindflower
Regional animalEuropean hedgehog
Regional stoneHornblende
الموقع الإلكترونيuudenmaanliitto.fi

Uusimaa (فنلندية: [ˈuːsimɑː]; سويدية: Nyland, النطق السويدي: [ˈnyːlɑnd]; both lit. 'new land') is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme), Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme), and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, Helsinki, along with the surrounding Greater Helsinki area, are both contained in the region, and Uusimaa is Finland's most populous region. The population of Uusimaa is 1,703,649.

While predominantly Finnish-speaking, Uusimaa has the highest total number of native speakers of Swedish in Finland even at a much lower share than two other regions.

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التاريخ

The place name of Nuuksio derives from the Sami word njukča which means 'swan'.[2] Later Finns proper and Tavastians inhabited the area. Some place names have traces of Tavastian village names, like Konala, which likely derives from the older Tavastian village name Konhola.[3] Estonians inhabited the region to a smaller extent, specifically for seasonal fishing.[4]

Swedish colonisation of coastal Uusimaa started after the second crusade to Finland in the 13th century.[5][6] The colonisation was part of converting pagan areas to Catholicism. Eastern Uusimaa had its first Christian Swedish colonialists earlier than the western part, which got its colonialists in one mass transfer of people to Porvoo in the 14th century. The colonisation was supported by the Swedish kingdom and the immigrants were provided with grain seeds and cattle. They also got a four-year tax exemption from the crown.[4] All the Swedish place names of Uusimaa date back to this period.[7]

The names Uusimaa and Nyland, meaning 'new land' in English, derive from the Swedish colonisation era. The Swedish-language name Nyland appears in the documents from the 14th century. The Finnish-language name Uusimaa appears for the first time in 1548 as Wsimaa in the first translation of the New Testament to Finnish by Mikael Agricola.[8] Much of Uusimaa is literally new – it has risen off the Baltic sea due to post-glacial rebound.

The Finnish provinces were ceded to Imperial Russia in the War of Finland in 1809. After this, Uusimaa became the Province of Uusimaa in the old lääni system. From 1997 to 2010, Uusimaa was a part of the Province of Southern Finland. In 1994 it was divided into the regions of Uusimaa and Eastern Uusimaa, but in 2011 the two regions were merged as Uusimaa.[بحاجة لمصدر]

On 28 March 2020 Uusimaa was isolated from the rest of Finland due to the worst coronavirus outbreak in the region.[9]


الاقتصاد

The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 91.2 billion € in 2018, accounting for 38.9% of Finnish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 43,500 € or 144% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 120% of the EU average.[10]

Languages

Languages in Uusimaa[11]
Languages percent
Finnish
  
 76.9%
Swedish
  
 7.6%
Russian
  
 2.5%
Estonian
  
 2.0%
Arabic
  
 1.2%
Somali
  
 1.1%
Other
  
 8.7%

Uusimaa is a bilingual region, with municipalities both bilingual in Finnish and Swedish, and monolingual in Finnish. Uusimaa's coastal areas tend to be Swedish-speaking. The traditional regional dialects of Swedish (nyländska) are currently[when?] mostly spoken in Eastern Uusimaa, while in the rest of the Uusimaa Swedish dialect has become more standardised.

The Finnish-speaking population started to grow when the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved from Turku to Helsinki by Emperor of Russia Alexander I in 1812, and the region attracted settlers from other parts of Finland. Helsinki's slang first evolved in the late 19th century. 8.5% of population of the region speak the Swedish language natively.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Due to immigration, many foreign-languages[note 1] are spoken in Uusimaa. 15.5% speak a foreign-language as their mother tongue, highest proportion in Finland and 58% of all foreign-language speakers in Finland. The figure was 1.1% in 1990, 3.9% in 2000, 8.0% in 2010 and 11.3% in 2015. Meanwhile the proportion of Finnish and Swedish speakers has decreased from 87.6% and 11.3% in 1990 to 76.9% and 7.6% in 2021 respectively. On a municipal level, the highest shares of foreign-speakers are in Vantaa (23.0%), Espoo (20.1%), Helsinki (17.3%) and Kerava (13.5%). The lowest share is in Pukkila (3.0%).

The most spoken foreign-languages are Russian (2.5%), Estonian (2.0%), Arabic (1.2%) and Somali (1.1%). Other languages include English, Chinese, Albanian, Persian, Kurdish, Vietnamese, Spanish, Turkish, Thai, Tagalog, German, Nepali, Bengali, French, Romanian, Urdu, Hindi, Portuguese, Ukrainian, Italian, Polish, Tamil, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Swahili, Amharic, Serbo-Croatian, Latvian, Japanese, Dutch, Uzbek and Greek, all with over 1,000 speakers.[12]

Regional council

The regional council is the main governing body for region and focuses primarily on urban planning. Like all regional councils, it is mandated by law.

البلديات

المقالة الرئيسية: بلديات أوسيما
Uusimaa sub-regions, towns and municipalities

The region of Uusimaa is made up of 26 municipalities, of which 13 have city status (marked in bold).[13]


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السياسة

The results of the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election in Uusimaa (consisting of two constituencies, named Helsinki and Uusimaa) are:

Heraldry

The coat of arms of the province is Azure, a boat Or between two fesses wavy Argent (a golden boat which is a symbol for the coastal areas, and two silver wavy fesses which are the symbol for rivers.)

Uusimaa received its coat of arms at the end of the 16th century. There is an image of the coat of arms made in 1599. In 1997, the traditional coat of arms became the official coat of arms of the region.

الإعلام

Hufvudstadsbladet's building, Mannerheimintie, Helsinki

الصحف

انظر أيضاً: List of newspapers in Finland

The largest subscription newspapers published in the region are Helsingin Sanomat and Hufvudstadsbladet in Helsinki, Aamuposti in Hyvinkää, Länsi-Uusimaa (fi) in Lohja, Loviisan Sanomat (fi) and Östra Nyland in Loviisa, Uusimaa and Borgåbladet in Porvoo, Västra Nyland in Raseborg, and Keski-Uusimaa (fi) in Tuusula. Also two popular tabloid newspapers, Iltalehti and Ilta-Sanomat, are published there.

Radio stations

Yle's local radio stations in the western part of the region are the Finnish-language Ylen läntinen (fi) and Swedish-language Yle Vega Västnyland, in the Capital Region the Finnish-language Yle Radio Suomi Helsinki (fi) and Swedish-language Yle Vega Huvudstadsregionen, and in the eastern part the Finnish-language Yle Radio Itä-Uusimaa (fi) (discontinued) and Swedish-language Yle Vega Östnyland.

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ A language other than Finnish, Swedish or one of the Sami languages.

المراجع

  1. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  2. ^ Tarkiainen, Kari (2010). Ruotsin itämaa (in الفنلندية). Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. p. 120.
  3. ^ Ainiala, Terhi; Saarelma, Minna; Sjöblom, Paula (2008). Nimistötutkimuksen perusteet (in الفنلندية). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. p. 66.
  4. ^ أ ب Tarkiainen, Kari (2010). Ruotsin itämaa (in الفنلندية). Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. pp. 119–136.
  5. ^ V.-P. Suhonen and Janne Heinonen (2011). "Helsingin keskiaikaiset ja uuden ajan alun kylänpaikat 2011, Inventointiraportti 2011. Museovirasto" (PDF).
  6. ^ Tarkiainen, Kari (2010). Ruotsin itämaa. Porvoo: Svenska litteratussällskapet i Finland. pp. 122–125. ISBN 9789515832122.
  7. ^ Ainiala, Terhi; Saarelma, Minna; Sjöblom, Paula (2008). Nimistötutkimuksen perusteet (in الفنلندية). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. p. 68.
  8. ^ Uusimaa Regional Council (May 12, 2010). "Nytt Land, Nylands historia" (in السويدية). Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
  9. ^ "Checkpoints ready: Parliament approves government plans to isolate Uusimaa". News Now Finland. Archived from the original on 2020-04-09.
  10. ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.
  11. ^ "Väestö". Stat.fi: Statistics – Population structure. Statistics Finland. 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  12. ^ "Language according to age and sex by region, 1990-2021". Statistics Finland. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  13. ^ "Regional Council – Uudenmaan liitto". www.uudenmaanliitto.fi (in الإنجليزية). March 5, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2017.

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Uusimaa.
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