كلوريد التنغستن السداسي

Tungsten hexachloride

α-Tungsten hexachloride
β-Tungsten hexachloride
Tungsten hexachloride 3D view
الأسماء
اسم أيوپاكs Tungsten hexachloride Tungsten(VI) chloride
المُعرِّفات
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	75162
ECHA InfoCard	100.032.980
رقم EC	236-293-9
PubChem CID	83301
رقم RTECS	YO7710000
UNII	L32HZV95ZE Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID40893933
InChI InChI=1S/6ClH.W/h6*1H;/q;;;;;;+6/p-6 Key: KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H
SMILES Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	Cl6W
كتلة مولية	396.56 g mol-1
المظهر	dark blue crystals, moisture sensitive
الكثافة	3.52 g/cm3
نقطة الانصهار
نقطة الغليان
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	Hydrolyzes
قابلية الذوبان في chlorocarbons	soluble
القابلية المغناطيسية	−71.0·10−6 cm3/mol
البنية
البنية البلورية	α:rhombohedral, β: hexagonal
هندسة إحداثية	Octahedral
Dipole moment	0 D
المخاطر
خطر رئيسي	oxidizer; hydrolysis releases HCl
مركبات ذا علاقة
أنيونات أخرى	Tungsten hexafluoride Tungsten hexabromide
كاتيونات أخرى	Molybdenum(VI) chloride Uranium hexachloride
مركـّبات ذات علاقة	Tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride Tungsten dichloride dioxide Tungsten(V) chloride Tungsten(IV) chloride Tungsten(III) chloride Tungsten(II) chloride Molybdenum(V) chloride Chromyl chloride
ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
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مراجع الجدول

Tungsten hexachloride is an inorganic chemical compound of tungsten and chlorine with the chemical formula WCl
6. This dark violet-blue compound exists as volatile crystals under standard conditions. It is an important starting reagent in the preparation of tungsten compounds. Other examples of charge-neutral hexachlorides are rhenium(VI) chloride and molybdenum(VI) chloride. The highly volatile tungsten hexafluoride is also known.

As a d⁰ atom, tungsten hexachloride is diamagnetic.

 Preparation and structure

Tungsten hexachloride can be prepared by chlorinating tungsten metal in a sealed tube at 600 °C:

W + 3 Cl
2 → WCl
6

Tungsten hexachloride exists in both blue and red polymorphs, referred to respectively as α and β. The wine-red β can be obtained by rapid cooling, whereas the blue α form is more stable at room temperature. Although these polymorphs are distinctly colored, their molecular structures are very similar. Both polymorphs feature WCl
6 molecules that have octahedral geometry, in which all six W–Cl bonds are equivalent, and their length is equal to 224–226 pm. The densities are very similar: 3.68 g/cm³ for α and 3.62 g/cm³ for β. The low-temperature form is slightly more dense, as expected.

 Reactions

Tungsten hexachloride is readily hydrolyzed, even by moist air, giving the orange oxychlorides WOCl
4 and WO
2Cl
2, and subsequently, tungsten trioxide. WCl
6 is soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and phosphorus oxychloride.

Methylation with trimethylaluminium affords hexamethyl tungsten:

WCl
6 + 3 Al
2(CH
3)
6 → W(CH
3)
6 + 3 Al
2(CH
3)
4Cl
2

Treatment with butyl lithium affords a reagent that is useful for deoxygenation of epoxides.

The chloride ligands in WCl
6 can be replaced by many anionic ligands including: bromide, thiocyanate, alkoxide, alkyl and aryl.

Reduction of WCl
6 can be effected with a mixture of tetrachloroethylene and tetraphenylarsonium chloride:

2 WCl
6 + Cl
2C=CCl
2 + 2 (C
6H
5)
4AsCl → 2 (C
6H
5)
4As[WCl
6] + Cl
3C−CCl
3

The W(V) hexachloride is a derivative of tungsten(V) chloride.

It reacts with arsenic or hydrogen arsenide to form tungsten diarsenide.

 Safety considerations

WCl
6 is an aggressively corrosive oxidant, and hydrolyzes to release hydrogen chloride.