تتبع أحفوري

Chirotherium footprints in a Triassic sandstone.

التتبع الأحفوري أو حفريات الأثر Trace fossil،هو حفظ دليل وجود الكائن الحي ونشاطه، مثل: التغذية والحركة وموضع القدم أو جر الذيل والاستيطان فوق الراسب أو في داخله، ولايدخل فيها حفظ أجزاء الكائن نفسه.

Protichnites tracks from the late Cambrian, وسط وسكنسن.

التواجد

Cross-section of mammoth footprints at The Mammoth Site, Hot Springs, جنوب داكوتا.

التصنيف

المقالة الرئيسية: تصنيف التتبع الأحفوري

أثر أحفوري

الطبعة أو الأثر impression، حفرية تتكون من طبعة منبسطة لكائن رخو أو نصف رخو، مثل الحشرات والأوراق.

معلومات مقدمة من التتبع الأحفوري

Mesolimulus walchi fossil and track, a rare example of tracks and the creature that made them fossilized together

Paleoenvironment

Eubrontes, a dinosaur footprint in the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern Utah.

Ichnofacies

المقالة الرئيسية: Ichnofacies

انحياز متأصل

Cameloid footprint (Lamaichnum alfi Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999; convex hyporelief) from the Barstow Formation (Miocene) of Rainbow Basin, كاليفورنيا.

التطور

Climactichnites, probably trackways from a slug-like animal, from the late Cambrian، وسط وسكنسن. Ruler in background is 45cm (18") long.

التصنيف الأحفوري الشائع

Petroxestes borings in a hardground from the Upper Ordovician of southern Ohio.	Rusophycus trace fossil from the Ordovician of southern Ohio. Scale bar is 10 mm.
Skolithos trace fossil. Scale bar is 10 mm.	Thalassinoides, burrows produced by crustaceans, from the Middle Jurassic, Makhtesh Qatan, southern Israel.
Trypanites borings in an Upper Ordovician hardground from northern Kentucky. The borings are filled with diagenetic dolomite (yellowish). Note that the boring on the far left cuts through a shell in the matrix.

الخلط مع أنواع حفريات أخرى

Asteriacites (sea star trace fossil) from the Devonian of northeastern Ohio. It appears at first to be an external mold of the body, but the sediment piled between the rays shows that it is a burrow.

• 
  Numerous borings in a Cretaceous cobble, Faringdon, England; see Wilson (1986).
• 
  Sponge borings (Entobia) and encrusters on a modern bivalve shell, North Carolina.
• 
  Helminthopsis ichnosp.; a trace fossil from the Logan Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of Wooster, Ohio.
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  Gigandipus, a dinosaur footprint in the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern Utah.
• 
  Lockeia from the Dakota Formation (Upper Cretaceous).
• 
  Lockeia from the Chagrin Shale (Upper Devonian) of northeastern Ohio. This is an example of the trace fossil ethological group Fugichnia.

انظر أيضا

• Bioerosion
• Bird ichnology
• Ichnite - fossilised footprints
• Ichnofacies
• Trace fossil classification
• Way up structure
• حفرية دالة

قراءات للإستزادة

• Bromley, R.G., 1970. Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock as an example, p. 49-90. In: Crimes, T.P. and Harper, J.C. (eds.), Trace Fossils. Geological Journal Special Issue 3.
• Bromley, R.G., 2004. A stratigraphy of marine bioerosion. In: The application of ichnology to palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis. (Ed. D. McIlroy), Geological Society of London Special Publications 228:455-481.
• Palmer, T.J., 1982. Cambrian to Cretaceous changes in hardground communities. Lethaia 15:309-323.
• Wilson, M.A., 1986. Coelobites and spatial refuges in a Lower Cretaceous cobble-dwelling hardground fauna. Palaeontology 29:691-703.
• Wilson, M.A. and Palmer, T.J., 2006. Patterns and processes in the Ordovician Bioerosion Revolution. Ichnos 13: 109-112.[1]
• Yochelson, E.L. and Fedonkin, M.A., 1993. Paleobiology of Climactichnites, and Enigmatic Late Cambrian Fossil. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 74:1-74.

وصلات خارجية

• Encyclopaedia-style article about trace fossils
• Ichnogenus images
• Bioerosion Website at The College of Wooster
• Comprehensive bioerosion bibliography compiled by Mark A. Wilson