قائمة أعضاء الكونجرس الأمريكي الذين قتلوا أو جرحوا في المنصب

John L. Magee's lithography demonstrating Northern outrage over Preston Brooks's attack on Charles Sumner
أعضاء الكونجرس الأمريكي
الذين ماتوا في المنصب

Since the United States Congress was established with the 1st Congress in 1789, fourteen of its members have been killed while in office, and eighteen have suffered serious injuries from attacks. The members of Congress were either injured or killed by someone intending serious harm, or there is evidence of lethal intent by an unknown assailant (such as the two congressmen who died of the National Hotel disease). The first member of Congress to be killed or wounded in office was Henry Wharton Conway who was killed in a duel in 1827. The most recent death occurred in 1983 when Korean Air Lines Flight 007, carrying Larry McDonald, was shot down over the Pacific Ocean. The most recent member of Congress to be injured was Maxwell Frost who was assaulted in 2026.

All of the 14 members of Congress killed in office were male and 10 were Democrats, three were Republicans, and one was a Democratic-Republican. Four members died in duels, and a total of ten (three senators, six members of the House of Representatives, and one territory delegate to the House) died from gunshot wounds.

Nineteen members of Congress have been wounded while in office. Eight of the wounded were Republicans, seven were Democrats, two were Anti-Jacksonian, and there is one member each from the Democratic-Republican Party and Whig Party. Two were women, and three were senators. Five of those injured were wounded during the 1954 United States Capitol shooting incident.

قتلى

انظر أيضاً: List of assassinated American politicians § Members of the United States Congress

ألوان الأحزاب:   Democratic-Republican   Democratic   Republican

العضو الولاية
(الدائرة) 		تاريخ الحادث المقترف السبب الحادث
Henry Wharton Conway   Henry Wharton Conway Arkansas Territory
(At-large delegate) 		October 29, 1827 Robert Crittenden Duel Died 11 days after being shot in the chest during a duel with Robert Crittenden near the confluence of the White and Mississippi rivers[1]
Spencer Darwin Pettis   Missouri
(1st at-large seat) 		August 28, 1831 Thomas Biddle Duel Both Pettis and Thomas Biddle sustained fatal gunshot wounds during a duel on Bloody Island in Illinois.[2]
Jonathan Cilley   Jonathan Cilley Maine
(3rd district) 		February 24, 1838 William Graves Duel Shot by William Graves, the Whig Congressman from Kentucky's 8th district, during a duel on the Marlboro Pike in Maryland[2]
John Gallagher Montgomery   Pennsylvania
(12th district) 		April 24, 1857 Unknown (disputed) Poisoning

(disputed)

Several people staying at the National Hotel in Washington, D.C., died of National Hotel disease during this time period. It is disputed whether the "disease" was due to deliberate poisoning or accidental food poisoning.[2]
John A. Quitman   John Quitman Mississippi
(5th district) 		July 17, 1858
David Colbreth Broderick   David Broderick California
(Senator) 		September 13, 1859 David Terry Duel Broderick and David Terry, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California, took part in a duel in San Francisco. Broderick was shot and died three days later.[2]
Edward Dickinson Baker   Edward Baker Oregon
(Senator) 		October 21, 1861 7th Brigade, 4th Division of the Confederate Army of the Potomac (under the command of Nathan Evans) Battle Died during the Battle of Ball's Bluff, while assigned command of a brigade in Brigadier General Charles Pomeroy Stone's division, guarding fords along the Potomac River in Virginia. The Confederate soldiers were commanded by Brigadier General Nathan George Evans.[3][4]
Cornelius S. Hamilton   Ohio
(8th district) 		December 22, 1867 Thomas Hamilton Murder Killed by his insane 18-year-old son, Thomas, in Marysville, Ohio[2][5]
James M. Hinds   Arkansas
(2nd district) 		October 22, 1868 George Clark Assassination Killed in Indian Bays in Monroe County, Arkansas, after being shot in the back by George A. Clark, a member of the Ku Klux Klan and the secretary of the Democratic committee of the county[2][6][7]
John M. Pinckney   John Pinckney Texas
(8th district) 		April 24, 1905 Unknown (riot started by J. N. Brown) Mass shooting A political event in Hempstead, Texas, turned violent when one of the participants, J. N. Brown, began shooting. Other attendees began to shoot as well and a riot broke out. Pinckney, his brother Tom, and Brown were all killed at the scene.[2][8]
Huey Long   Huey Long Louisiana
(Senator) 		September 8, 1935 Carl Weiss (possibly) Assassination Died two days after Weiss fired a handgun at him at close range inside the Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge[9]
Robert F. Kennedy   Robert F. Kennedy New York
(Senator) 		June 5, 1968 Sirhan Sirhan Assassination Shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles after giving his victory speech in the California primary; he died about 25 hours later.[10]
Leo Ryan   Leo Ryan California
(11th district) 		November 18, 1978 Peoples Temple (under the direction of Jim Jones) Mass shooting While on an official visit to Guyana to investigate the activities of the Peoples Temple group led by Jim Jones, Ryan was shot multiple times while boarding an airplane leaving Jonestown.[11]
Larry McDonald   Larry McDonald Georgia
(7th district) 		September 1, 1983 Soviet Far East District Air Defense Forces Aircraft shootdown McDonald was a passenger on board Korean Air Lines Flight 007 which was shot down over the Sea of Japan near Sakhalin island by Soviet interceptors piloted by Major Gennadiy Osipovich on the orders of General Anatoly Kornukov, Commander of Sokol Air Base.[12]

جرحى

ألوان الأحزاب:   Democratic-Republican Party   Anti-Jacksonian   Whig   Democratic   Republican

العضو الولاية
(الدائرة) 		تاريخ الحادث المقترِف السبب الحادث
Matthew Lyon   Matthew Lyon Vermont
(1st district) 		February 15, 1798 Roger Griswold Assault Lyon spit tobacco juice at Griswald on January 30th and after the House refused to expel Lyon, Griswald caned Lyon on the house floor. Lyon used a pair of fire tongs to defend himself.[13]
William Stanbery   William Stanberry Ohio
(8th district) 		April 13, 1832 Sam Houston Assault After Stanbery accused Sam Houston of profiteering off Andrew Jackson's forced relocation of Native Americans, Houston confronted Stanbery in Washington, D.C., and beat him repeatedly with a hickory walking stick. During the fight Stanbery pulled a gun, placed it on Houston's chest, and pulled the trigger, but the gun misfired.[14]
Thomas Dickens Arnold   - Tennessee
(2nd district) 		May 20, 1832 Morgan A. Heard Assassination attempt Arnold verbally blasted Sam Houston for his assault of William Stanbery. A friend of Houston's, Morgan A. Heard, attacked Arnold as he descended the steps of the Capitol, initially attempting to club him. After failing to club him, Heard drew a sawed-off dueling pistol and fired one shot, grazing Arnold's shoulder. Arnold then proceeded to beat Heard and was preparing to spear him when Arnold was disarmed by Congressman Joseph Duncan.[15][16]
Alexander H. Stephens   Alexander H. Stephens Georgia
(8th district) 		September 4, 1848 Francis H. Cone Assault Francis Cone, an Associate Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court, called Stephens a "traitor to the South" due to Stephens's move to table the Clayton Compromise. When confronted about this in front of Atlanta's Thompson Hotel, Stephens struck Cone with his walking stick and Cone responded by stabbing Stephens six times in the hand and chest.[17]
Charles Sumner   Charles Sumner Massachusetts
(Senator) 		May 22, 1856 Preston Brooks Assault Representative Preston Brooks, a Democrat from South Carolina's 4th district, assaulted Sumner with a cane on the floor of the Senate in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The attack followed Sumner's verbal attacks on pro-slavery politicians (including Brooks's relative, Senator Andrew Butler).[18]
Charles H. Van Wyck   Charles H. Van Wyck New York
(10th district) 		February 22, 1861 Three unknown assailants Assassination attempt Van Wyck had been receiving death threats since a March 1860 speech on the House floor where he denounced Democratic support of slavery. Almost a year later, as he was walking past the Capitol Building, he was attacked by three successive assailants, at least two wielding bowie knives. Van Wyck was stabbed in the chest, but protected by a copy of the Congressional Globe in his breast pocket, and received knife wounds to his hand. Van Wyck shot one of the assailants before being knocked unconscious.[19]
William D. Kelley   William D. Kelley Pennsylvania
(4th district) 		January 22, 1865 Alexander P. Field Assault Field, a would-be delegate of Louisiana as it was being readmitted to the union, assaulted Kelley with a penknife after a heated exchange in the Willard Hotel. Kelley was stabbed in the hand, which he had raised in self defense. Field was not admitted to Congress due to the assault.[20][21]
Josiah B. Grinnell   Josiah Grinnell Iowa
(4th district) 		June 14, 1866 Lovell Rousseau Assault Grinnell was assaulted with an iron-tipped cane by Lovell Rousseau, an Unconditional Unionist Congressman from Kentucky's 7th district, on the east portico of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., in retaliation for derogatory statements he made earlier. Grinnell was pummeled on the "head and face until the cane broke," and was heavily bruised.[22]
Alvin Morell Bentley   Alvin Bentley Michigan
(8th district) 		March 1, 1954 Rafael Cancel Miranda,
Andres Figueroa Cordero,
Irvin Flores,
Lolita Lebrón 		Mass shooting 1954 Capitol shooting: Armed Puerto Rican nationalists shot the representatives from the Ladies Gallery of the House of Representatives in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.[23]
Clifford Davis   Clifford Davis Tennessee
(10th district)
George Hyde Fallon   George Fallon Maryland
(4th district)
Ben F. Jensen   Ben Jensen Iowa
(7th district)
Kenneth A. Roberts   Kenneth Roberts Alabama
(4th district)
John C. Stennis   John Stennis Mississippi
(Senator) 		January 29, 1973 Tyrone Marshall, John Marshall, Derrick Holloway[24] Mugging Stennis was shot twice outside his home in Washington, D.C., during a mugging.[25]
Gabby Giffords   Gabrielle Giffords Arizona
(8th district) 		January 8, 2011 Jared Lee Loughner Mass shooting Giffords was shot in the head during the 2011 Tucson mass shooting, an assassination attempt on Giffords which occurred at a constituency meeting held in a supermarket parking lot in Casas Adobes, Arizona.[26]
Steve Scalise   Steve Scalise Louisiana
(1st district) 		June 14, 2017 James T. Hodgkinson III Mass shooting Scalise was shot in the hip by a gunman targeting and firing indiscriminately upon the Republican congressional delegation, during a practice session for the 2017 Congressional Baseball Game at the Eugene Simpson Stadium Park in Alexandria, Virginia.[27]
Rand Paul   Rand Paul Kentucky
(Senator) 		November 3, 2017 Rene Boucher Assault Paul was tackled from behind by his neighbor, Rene Boucher, during a dispute over yard waste. Paul sustained five fractured ribs, including three displaced fractures, as well as "cuts around his mouth."[28][29][30]
Angie Craig   Angie Craig Minnesota
(2nd district) 		February 9, 2023 Kendrick Hamline Assault Craig was punched and grabbed by the neck by Kendrick Hamline in the elevator of her Washington, D.C., apartment. Craig defended herself from Hamline and sustained cuts and bruising.[31]
Maxwell Frost   Maxwell Frost Florida
(10 district) 		January 23, 2026 Christian Joel Young Assault Frost was punched in the face at a private event during the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah, by a man who reportedly made racist remarks and told him President Donald Trump would deport him before the attack; the assailant was arrested and charged in connection with the incident.[32]

عنف داخل الكونجرس

Joanne B. Freeman documents in her 2018 book The Field of Blood: Violence in Congress and the Road to Civil War the dozens of violent skirmishes that broke out in the United States Congress between members in the lead up to the American Civil War. Freeman states that between 1830 and 1860 there were over 70 instances of violence between congress members. Freeman also notes that the two publications of record at the time, the National Intelligencer and the Daily Globe, often scrubbed fights out of the official record making it tough to learn of every moment of violence on the House and Senate floor. For instance, a fist fight might be described as "an altercation of angry and personal character" instead of an act of violence.[33]

This period of exceptionally high violence saw single days of heavy violence including three fights breaking out on March 4, 1849, all of which had a southerner assaulting a northerner.[34] The first eight weeks of the 36th United States Congress saw nine fights with six of them pitting Democrats versus Republicans.[35]

Over this period violence was also focused around certain individuals in Congress. Joshua Giddings, an abolitionist from Ohio, attacked at least seven times by slave holding congress members,[36], and Henry S. Foote took part in four duels getting injured in three of them.[37] Additionally, Hinton Rowan Helper the author of The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It had a fistfight with Francis Burton Craige in the house while armed with a knife and a gun,[38]

The below list documents moments of violence between Congress members where there was more than one belligerent and at least one member got substantially hurt.

ألوان الأحزاب:   Democratic-Republican Party   Anti-Jacksonian   Whig   Democratic   Republican

Belligerents Date of incident Incident Ref.
Clement Claiborne Clay   Clement Claiborne Clay Alabama
(Senator) 		1860 Clay and Clingman came to blows in the Senate chamber over "charges surrounding the presidential campaign of Stephen Douglas." Clingman got a black eye in the scuffle. [39]
Thomas L. Clingman   Thomas L. Clingman North Carolina
(Senator)
Henry A. Wise   Henry A. Wise Virginia
(8th district) 		1841 The "great fight" of 1841 erupted when Wise punched Stanly after an exchange of insults. A "wild melee" broke out where "nearly all the members" get involved in fighting each other. [40][41]
Edward Stanly   Edward Stanly North Carolina
(3rd district)
George Jones   George Jones Tennessee
(5th district) 		1848 Jones and Haralson had a fist fight on the floor of Congress where they "flipped a desk and started slugging each other." [42]
Hugh Haralson   - Georgia
(4th district)
Henry Foote   Henry Foote Mississippi
(Senator) 		- Foote and Davis took part in a fistfight. [37]
Jefferson Davis   Jefferson Davis Mississippi
(Senator)
Henry Foote   Henry Foote Mississippi
(Senator) 		- Foote and Cameron took part in a fistfight. [37]
Simon Cameron   Simon Cameron Pennsylvania
(Senator)
Henry Foote   Henry Foote Mississippi
(Senator) 		- Foote and Borland took part in a fistfight over John C. Calhoun's politics [37]
Solon Borland   Solon Borland Arkansas
(Senator)
Galusha Grow   Galusha Grow Pennsylvania
(14th district) 		February 06, 1858 Grow and Keitt began thowing insults at each other before erupting in blows. A melee erupted with more than thirty Congress members joining in on the fight. [43][44]
Laurence Keitt   Laurence Keitt South Carolina
(3rd district)

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ Bowks de la Rosa, M.V. (2013-03-05). "Conway-Crittenden Duel". Central Arkansas Library System. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2020-05-04.
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Amer, Mildred (2002-03-14). "Members of the U.S. Congress Who Have Died of Other Than Natural Causes While in Office" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 10, 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  3. ^ "BAKER, Edward Dickinson, (1811 - 1861)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
  4. ^ "Brig. Gen. Nathan George "Shanks" Evans". Marion County, SC in the War Between the States. Archived from the original on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
  5. ^ "The Murder of Mr. Hamilton". The New York Times. 1867-12-26. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  6. ^ Foner, Eric (March 1989). Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York City: Harper & Row. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-06-093716-4. OCLC 48074168.
  7. ^ Stanton, Amanda. "James Hinds (1833–1868)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. The Central Arkansas Library System. Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
  8. ^ "Congressman Pickney Shot in a Texas Riot". The New York Times. 1905-04-25. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  9. ^ "Huey Long's Assassination". Huey Long: The Man, His Mission, and Legacy. Long Legacy Project. Archived from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  10. ^ "KENNEDY, Robert Francis, (1925 - 1968)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Archived from the original on 2008-07-30. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  11. ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Staff Investigative Group (1979) "The Assassination of Representative Leo J. Ryan and the Jonestown, Guyana, Tragedy. Report of a Staff Investigative Group to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives", U.S. Government Printing Office.
  12. ^ Wilkes, Donald E. Jr. (2003-09-03). "The Death Flight of Larry McDonald". Flagpole Magazine. pp. 7, 9. Archived from the original on 2011-04-08. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
  13. ^ "Representative Roger Griswold of Connecticut Attacked Matthew Lyon of Vermont on the House Floor". History, Art & Archives, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved 2025-05-27.
  14. ^ Bennett, Kevin (2016-09-14). "Newark Congressman once tried to shoot Sam Houston". Newark Advocate. Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2020-05-04.
  15. ^ "Attempt at Assassination," United States Weekly Telegraph, Vol. 6, No. 9 (May 21, 1832), p. 261.
  16. ^ Wikisource "Arnold, Thomas Dickens". The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 1. 1906. p. 145.
  17. ^ Mitchell, Jennifer V. (2014) Civil War Treasures: Most Unfortunate Difficulty: Political Conflict in the Pre-Civil War Era Archived 2020-03-06 at the Wayback Machine. Civil War Book Review: Vol. 16 : Iss. 2. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
  18. ^ "SUMNER, Charles, (1811 - 1874)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  19. ^ "A Near Fatal Attack on Representative Charles H. Van Wyck of New York". History, Art, & Archives United States House of Representatives. Retrieved 2025-07-01.
  20. ^ "Men Of Mark". The Times-Picayune. 1889-11-10. p. 11. Retrieved 2025-11-16 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ Freeman. p. 272.
  22. ^ "Historical Highlights: Representative Lovell H. Rousseau assaults Representative Josiah B. Grinnell". Office of History and Preservation of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
  23. ^ Barone, Michael & Ujifusa, Grant (1993). The Almanac of American Politics 1994. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. p. 749. ISBN 0-89234-057-6. OCLC 32984467.
  24. ^ "One of 3 Suspects Pleads Guilty In Stennis Robbery and Shooting". The New York Times. 1973-04-20. Archived from the original on 2018-11-22. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
  25. ^ "Senator From Mississippi Reported As Very Serious". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Associated Press. 1973-02-01. Archived from the original on 2020-12-23. Retrieved 2011-05-09.
  26. ^ Halloran, Liz (2011-01-08). "'Vitriol' Cited As Possible Factor In Arizona Tragedy". NPR. Archived from the original on 2011-01-12. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
  27. ^ Hermann, Peter; Kane, Paul; Sullivan, Patricia (June 14, 2017). "Lawmaker Steve Scalise is critically injured in GOP baseball shooting; gunman James T. Hodgkinson is killed by police". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  28. ^ Chappell, Bill (November 6, 2017). "Sen. Rand Paul Recovering From 5 Broken Ribs After Assault". NPR. Archived from the original on November 6, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  29. ^ Griffiths, Brent D. (November 4, 2017). "Neighbor charged with assault after altercation with Rand Paul". Politico. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  30. ^ Edelman, Adam (July 27, 2020). "Rand Paul attacker sentenced to additional prison time over yard assault". NBC News. Retrieved July 29, 2025.
  31. ^ Shortal, Jana (February 13, 2023). "Rep. Angie Craig talks about assault at DC apartment". KARE. Burnsville, Minnesota. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  32. ^ Solender, Andrew. "Court docs reveal new details of alleged assault on Maxwell Frost". Axios. Retrieved January 25, 2026.
  33. ^ Freeman, pp 186-187
  34. ^ Freeman, p 159, p 357 note 82.
  35. ^ Freeman, pp 250-251.
  36. ^ Freeman, pp 115-116
  37. ^ أ ب ت ث Freeman, p 152
  38. ^ Freeman, p 168, p 360 note 130
  39. ^ Freeman, p 307, footnote 57
  40. ^ Freeman, p 43
  41. ^ Freeman, p 128
  42. ^ Freeman, pp 327, note 155
  43. ^ "The Most Infamous Floor Brawl in the History of the U.S. House of Representatives". History, Art & Architecture. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved 2026-01-04.
  44. ^ Freeman, p 236

أعمال مذكورة

  • Freeman, Joanne B. (2018). The Field of Blood: Violence in Congress and the Road to Civil War. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0374154776.

للاستزادة

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