قائمة رموز الولايات الهندية
This is a list of the symbols of the states and union territories of India. Each state and union territory has a unique set of official symbols, usually a state emblem, an animal, a bird, a flower and a tree. A second animal (fish, butterfly, reptile, aquatic animal or heritage animal) sometimes appears, as do fruits and other plants, and there are some state songs and state mottos.
الولايات
أندرا پرادش
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | ఆంధ్ర రాష్ట్ర అధికారిక చిహ్నం Emblem of Andhra Pradesh |
In 1956, after the formation of the Andhra Pradesh, colloquially referred to as United Andhra Pradesh, the Government of Andhra Pradesh embraced a Poorna Kumbam, a ceremonial metal vessel characterized by its broad base and narrow neck which serves as a sacred ornament adorning the Amaravati Stupa along with an Ashoka Chakra and the four lion heads as its official emblem on the occasion of the 2,500th Buddha's Birthday.[1] It depicts a sun radiant charged with a treasure vase, placed within an ornamented circular frame. In the base, the crest of the Republic of India and the motto of India Satyameva Jayate in Devanagari are shown. Government of Andhra Pradesh, the name of the state, is repeated in Telugu and Sanskrit.[2] | ||
| State motto | సత్యమేవ జయతే Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
|||
| State song | మా తెలుగు తల్లికి Maa Telugu Thalliki (To Our Mother Telugu) |
Maa Telugu Talliki (: [maː teluɡu talliki], IAST: Mā Telugu Talliki; حرفياً ' "To Our Mother Telugu"') is the official song of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The Telugu Thalli is portrayed as a symbol of Telugu people. Many schools and government events start with this song.
It was written by Sankarambadi Sundaraachari and sung by Suryakumari[3] for the Telugu film Deena Bandhu (1942) which starred V. Nagayya but was released as a private label by the artist. | ||
| State language | తెలుగు Telugu |
Telugu is a Dravidian language, native to the Indian states of Andhra and Telangana, where it is also the official language. Spoken by about 96 million people (2022),[4] Telugu is the most spoken language of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India.[5] It is one of the few languages that has primary official status in more than one Indian state, alongside Hindi and Bengali.[6] Telugu is one of the eleven languages designated as a classical language by the Government of India as of 2025. It is the 14th most spoken native language in the world.[7] Modern standard-Telugu is based on the dialects of erstwhile Krishna, Guntur, East, and West Godavari districts of Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema.[8][9][10] | ||
| State animal | కృష్ణజింక Blackbuck |
Blackbuck is the State animal of Andhra Pradesh, as it is known for its quickness and ability to take charge in uncertain situations and rise victorious, which is symbolic of this state and its people.
Blackbuck has white fur on the chin and around the eyes, which is in sharp contrast with the black stripes on the face. The coats of males show two-tone colouration; while the upper parts and outsides of the legs are dark brown to black, the underparts and the insides of the legs are all white. Darkness typically increases as the male ages; females and juveniles are yellowish fawn to tan.[11] Albino blackbuck are often zoo attractions as in the Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Andhra.[12] | ||
| State bird | రామచిలుక Rose-ringed parakeet[13] |
Rose-ringed parrot is State bird for its beauty and cheerfulness. The govt has envisioned AP as a State which is green and eco-friendly with beautiful landscaping, to make people happy and cheerfulIn popular culture of Andhra if you see this bird before any start of work it's very lucky.Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula Krameri), known as the ‘Ramachilaka’, is very popular with poets and lyricists. Ideal couples are compared to a pair of parakeets. The male is distinguished by a rose-pink collar. The quintessential female is ‘chilaka’.‘Chilaka Joshyam’, where a parakeet foretells the stars, is also very popular in the Telugu States. | ||
| State fish | కొర్రమీను Striped snakehead [14] |
The striped snakehead, known in Telugu as korrameenu and a non-vegetarian’s delight during the summer in many parts of Andhra Pradesh, is in a great demand even during the ongoing rainy season in the city.
The striped snakehead is a fast-growing fish species when compared to most of the others of the genus, and they are also suitable for intensive culture due to their air-breathing habit. They are being sold live and fetch high prices in the market, due to their excellent-tasting flesh and lack of fine bones. | ||
| State flower | మల్లె పువ్వు jasmine |
Jasmine became the State flower of Andhra Pradesh in 2018, as the purity of its fragrance symbolises the State’s vision to spread positivity and knowledge among its people and in the state. | ||
| State fruit | బంగినపల్లి మామిడి కాయ Banginapalli Mango[بحاجة لمصدر] |
Banginapalle mangoes' also known as (Banganapalle mangoes) is a mango variety produced in Banganapalle of Nandyala District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It alone occupies 70% percent of total mango cultivable area of the state and was first introduced by the farmers of Banaganapalli.[15] It was registered as one of the geographical indication from Andhra Pradesh on 3 May 2017, under horticultural products by Geographical Indication Registry.[16][17] It is also grown in the other parts of South India.
Andhra is the second largest mango growing state in the country with an area of about 4.31 lakh hectares and annual production of 43.5 lakh metric tons. | ||
| State tree | వేప చెట్టు Azadirachta indica[18] |
Neem is declared as the State tree. Known for nourishing those around it with clean air, Neem tree symbolises the State’s genuine & transparent relations with its people. | ||
| State Sport | చెడుగుడు Kabaddi[بحاجة لمصدر] |
Kabaddi is a contact team sport played between two teams of seven players, originating in ancient India.The objective of the game is for a single player on offence, referred to as a "raider", to run into the opposing team's half of the court, touch out as many of their players as possible, and return to their own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders in 30 seconds. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are touched or tackled, but return to the game after each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.
In Andhra this sport called as 'chedugudu'. | ||
| State Dance Form | కూచిపూడి నృత్యం Kuchipudi[بحاجة لمصدر] |
Kuchipudi is one of the eight Indian classical dances recognized by the Ministry of Culture.[19] It originates from a village named Kuchipudi in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.[20] Kuchipudi is a dance-drama performance, with its roots in the ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of Natya Shastra.[21][22][23] It developed as a religious art linked to travelling bards, temples and spiritual beliefs, like all major classical dances of India.[24] |
Arunachal Pradesh
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Arunachal Pradesh | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State animal | Mithun (Bos frontalis)[25][26][27] | ||
| State bird | Hornbill (Buceros bicornis)[25][26][27] | ||
| State fish | Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora)[14] | ||
| State flower | Foxtail orchid (Rhynchostylis retusa)[25][27] | ||
| State tree | Hollong ( Dipterocarpus macrocarpus)[28][29] |
أسام
| اللقب | الرمز | الصورة | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|
| راية الحكومة | Oxom Xorkar راية أسام |
||
| شعار الولاية | Oxom Xorkar شعار أسام |
||
| أغنية الولاية | O Mur Apunar Dekh (O Mor Aponar Dex) O my endearing country! |
||
| حادي الولاية | Joi Aai Ôxom Hail mother Assam |
||
| لغة الولاية | Axomiya الأسامية |
||
| الجمعية الأدبية للولاية | Assam Sahitya Sabha (Oxom Xahityo Xobha) Assam Literary Society |
||
| عيد الولاية | Bihu بيهو |
||
| رقصة الولاية | Sattriya Sattriya |
||
| زهرة الولاية | Kopou phul Foxtail Orchids |
||
| شجرة الولاية | Hollong Dipterocarpus macrocarpus |
||
| حيوان الولاية | Ekhingiya Gorh Indian rhinoceros |
||
| طائر الولاية | Deo hah White-winged wood duck |
||
| فاكهة الولاية | Kaji Nemu Kaji Nemu |
Bihar
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Bihar | ||
| State song | Mere Bharat Ke Kanthahar (The Garland of My India) |
||
| State Festival | छठ महापर्व Chhath Mahaparva |
||
| State foundation day | Bihar Day (22 March) |
||
| State animal | Gaur (Mithun)[30] | ||
| State bird | House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)[31] | ||
| State fish | Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)[14] | ||
| State flower | Marigold (Tagetes) | ||
| State tree | Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa)[32] | ||
| State fruit | Mango (Mangifera indica) |
Chhattisgarh
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Chhattisgarh | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State song | अरपा पईरी के धार (The Streams of Arpa and Pairi)[33][34] |
||
| State foundation day | छत्तीसगढ़ राज्योत्सव (1 November) (Chhattisgarh Foundation Day) |
||
| State animal | बन भईसा (Bubalus arnee)[35][36] | ||
| State bird | पहारी मईना (Gracula religiosa)[35][36] | ||
| State flower | चंदैनी गोंदा (Tagetes patula) | ||
| State tree | सरई (Shorea robusta)[35][36] | ||
| State Fish | मोंगरी मछरी (Clarias batrachus) |
Goa
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Goa | ||
| State motto | सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद् दुःखमाप्नुयात् Sarve bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā kaścid duḥkhamāpnuyāt (May everyone see goodness, may none suffer any pain) |
||
| State animal | Gaur (Bos gaurus)[37][38] | ||
| State bird | Ruby Throated Yellow Bulbul (Pycnonotus gularis)[37][38][39] | ||
| State fish | Grey mullet/Shevtto in Konkani (Mugil cephalus)[40][41] | ||
| State flower | Frangipani (Plumeria rubra) | ||
| State heritage tree | Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) | ||
| State tree | Matti (Terminalia crenulata)[37] |
Gujarat
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Uses the National Emblem of India | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State song | Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat (Victory to Proud Gujarat!) |
||
| State animal | Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)[42] | Surviving today only in India, the Asiatic lion's range is restricted to the Gir National Park and the surrounding areas in the Indian state of Gujarat. | |
| State bird | Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus)[43] | In Gujarat, a state of India, flamingos can be observed at the Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Flamingo City, and in the Thol Bird Sanctuary. They remain there during the entire winter season. | |
| State fish | Blackspotted croaker | Locally called as Ghol declared as state fish by Chief Minister Bhupendrabhai Patel and Union Fisheries minister Parshottam Rupala in Global Fisheries Conference India 2023 held in Ahmedabad.[44] | |
| State flower | Marigold (Tagetes)[45] | ||
| State tree | Banyan Tree.[46][42][47][48] |
Haryana
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Haryana | ||
| State motto | Satyameva Jayate (Sanskrit)
"Truth alone triumphs" |
||
| State anthem | Jai Jai Jai Haryana (Hindi)
"Victory to Haryana" |
||
| State animal | Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)[49][50] | ||
| State bird | Black francolin (Francolinus francolinus)[49][50] | ||
| State fish | Orangefin labeo
(Labeo calbasu)[14] |
||
| State flower | Lotus | ||
| State fruit | Mango
(Mangifera indica) |
||
| State tree | Peepal | ||
| State sport | Wrestling |
Himachal Pradesh
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Himachal Pradesh | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State animal | Snow leopard (Uncia uncia)[51][52] | ||
| State bird | Western tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus)[51][52] | ||
| State fish | Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora)[14] | ||
| State flower | Pink rhododendron (Rhododendron campanulatum)[51][52] | ||
| State tree | Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara)[51][52] |
Jharkhand
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Jharkhand | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State foundation day | Jharkhand Foundation Day (15 November)[53] |
||
| State animal | Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)[54][55] | ||
| State bird | Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus)[54][55] | ||
| State flower | Palash (Butea monosperma)[54][55] | ||
| State tree | Sal (Shorea robusta)[54][55] |
Karnataka
كرلا
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | കേരള ഔദ്യോഗിക ചിഹ്നം | The official Kerala emblem is a derivative version of the Royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Travancore. The state emblem symbolizes two elephants guarding the state emblem of India and conch shell, the emblem of Travancore. It features the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate," as well as the inscriptions "Government of Kerala" and "Kerala Sarkar" in Malayalam, reflecting the state's administrative identity in both English and the regional language. | |
| State motto | സത്യമേവ ജയതെ
(Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State foundation day | കേരള പിറവി
(November 1) |
||
| State Language | മലയാളം | Malayalam is a Dravidian language, native to the Indian state of Kerala, where it is also the official language. Spoken by about 38 million people. Malayalam is one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is the additional official language of the union territory of Lakshadweep and is one of the eleven languages designated as a classical language by the Government of India as of 2025. Approximately 2.88% of the population of India speak Malayalam. | |
| State animal |
ആന (Elephas maximus indicus) |
||
| State bird |
മലമുഴക്കി വേഴാമ്പൽ (Buceros Bicornis) |
||
| State butterfly |
ബുദ്ധമയൂരി (Papilio buddha) |
||
| State amphibian |
മലബാർ പറക്കും തവള (Rhacophorus malabaricus) |
The Malabar gliding frog is an endangered, arboreal species endemic to the Western Ghats. It was declared the state amphibian by the Government of Kerala in 2019.[57] | |
| State fish |
കരിമീൻ (Etroplus suratensis) |
Designated as state fish by Government of Kerala in 2010. | |
| State flower |
കണിക്കൊന്ന (Cassia fistula) |
||
| State fruit |
ചക്ക (Artocarpus heterophyllus) |
Designated as state fruit of Kerala in 2018. | |
| State tree |
തെങ്ങ് (Cocos nucifera) |
Coconut trees are a major source of income for many in the state and has numerous uses, from food and cosmetics to handicrafts and coir production. |
Madhya Pradesh
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Madhya Pradesh | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State song | Mera Madhya Pradesh (My Madhya Pradesh) |
||
| State animal | Barasingha[58][59] (Rucervus duvaucelii) | ||
| State bird | Indian paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi)[60] | ||
| State fish | Mahsheer (Tor tor)[60] | ||
| State flower | Madonna lily (Lilium candidum)[61] | ||
| State tree | Banyan tree[62] |
Maharashtra
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Maharashtra | ||
| State motto | प्रतिपच्चंद्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्व वंदिता महाराष्ट्रस्य राज्यस्य मुद्रा भद्राय राजते Pratipaccandralēkhēva vardhiṣṇurviśva vanditā mahārāṣṭrasya rājyasya mudrā bhadrāya rājatē (The glory of this seal of the Government of Maharashtra will grow like the first day moon. It will be worshipped by the world and will shine only for the well being of its people.) |
The motto is based on one found on the Rajmudra (royal seal) used by 17th-century Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji.[63] | |
| State song | Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha (Glory to My Maharashtra) |
||
| State foundation day | Maharashtra Day (1 May) |
||
| State animal | Indian giant squirrel[64] (Ratufa indica) | ||
| State bird | Yellow-footed green pigeon[64] (Treron phoenicoptera) | ||
| State butterfly | Blue Mormon (Papilio polymnestor)[65] | ||
| State fish | Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) | [66] | |
| State flower | Pride of India/Jarul (Lagerstroemia speciosa)[67] | ||
| State tree | Mango Tree (Mangifera indica)[68] |
Manipur
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Manipur | ||
| State motto | ꯀꯪꯂꯥꯁꯥ Kanglasha (The Dragon Lord) |
||
| State song | Sana Leibak Manipur[69] (Manipur, Land of Gold) |
||
| State animal | Sangai (Rucervus eldii eldii)[70][71] | ||
| State bird | Nongin (Syrmaticus humiae)[72] | ||
| State fish | Pengba (Osteobrama belangeri)[14] | ||
| State flower | Siroi lily (Lilium mackliniae)[70][71] | ||
| State tree | Uningthou (Phoebe hainesiana)[73] |
Meghalaya
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Meghalaya | New emblem adopted in January 2022[74] Previously used a seal based on the national emblem of India. | |
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State animal | Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)[75] | ||
| State bird | Hill myna (Gracula religiosa)[76][77] | ||
| State flower | Lady's Slipper Orchid (Paphiopedilum insigne)[78] | ||
| State tree | Gamhar (Gmelina arborea)[79] |
Mizoram
| Title | Symbol[80][81] | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Uses the National Emblem of India | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State animal | Himalayan serow (Capricornis thar) | ||
| State bird | Mrs. Hume's pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) | ||
| State fish | Burmese kingfish (Ngahvang) (Semiplotus modestus)[14] | ||
| State flower | Red Vanda (Renanthera imschootiana)[78] | ||
| State tree | Indian rose chestnut (Mesua ferrea) |
Nagaland
| Title | Symbol[82][83] | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Nagaland | ||
| State motto | Unity | ||
| State animal | Mithun | ||
| State bird | Blyth's tragopan (Tragopan blythii) | ||
| State fish | Chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis)[14] | ||
| State flower | Tree rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum)[78] | ||
| State tree | Alder (Alnus nepalensis)[46] |
Odisha
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Odisha | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State song | Bande Utkala Janani (I Adore Thee, O Mother Utkala!) |
||
| State foundation day | Odisha Day (1 April) |
||
| State animal | Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor)[84][85] | ||
| State bird | Indian roller[86] (Coracias benghalensis)[84][85] | ||
| State fish | Mahanadi mahseer (Tor mosal mahanadicus)[14] | ||
| State flower | Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca)[84][85] | ||
| State tree | Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa)[84] |
Punjab
| Title | Symbol[87][88] | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Punjab | ||
| State motto | Satyameva Jayate
"Truth alone triumps" |
||
| State flower | Gladiolus
(Gladiolus grandiflorus)[89] |
||
| State fruit | Mandarin orange
(Citrus reticulata) |
||
| State tree | Sheesham
(Dalbergia sissoo) |
||
| State animal | Blackbuck
(Antilope cervicapra) |
||
| State bird | Baaz
(Accipiter gentilis) |
||
| State
fish |
Indus River dolphin (Bhulan)[90] | ||
| State dance | Giddha and Bhangra | ||
| State sport | Punjabi Kabaddi (de facto) |
Rajasthan
| Title | Symbol[91][92] | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Uses the National Emblem of India | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State animal | Chinkara (Gazella bennettii)[93] | ||
| State bird | Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) | ||
| State flower | Rohida (Tecomella undulata) | ||
| State heritage animal | Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) | ||
| State plant | Cactus (Cactaceae) | ||
| State tree | Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) |
Sikkim
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Sikkim | ||
| State motto | ༄༅།ཁམས་གསུམ་དབང་འདུས Kham-sum-wangdu (Conqueror of the three worlds) |
||
| State animal | Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)[94][95] | ||
| State bird | Blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus)[94][95] | ||
| State Fish | Copper Mahseer / Katley (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis)[96] | ||
| State flower | Noble dendrobium (Dendrobium nobile)[94][95] | ||
| State tree | Rhododendron (Rhododendron niveum)[94][95] |
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్ర అధికార చిహ్నము Emblem of Telangana |
||
| State motto | సత్యమేవ జయతే Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State song | జయ జయ హే తెలంగాణ Jaya Jaya He Telangana |
||
| State foundation day | తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్ర అవతరణ దినోత్సవం Telangana Day
|
||
| State animal | మచ్చల జింక Spotted deer (Axis axis)[97] |
||
| State bird | పాలపిట్ట Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis)[97] |
||
| State fish | కొర్రమీను Snakehead Murrel (Channa striata)[14][98] |
||
| State flower | తంగిడి పువ్వు Tangidi Puvvu (Senna auriculata)[97] |
||
| State fruit | మామిడి పండు Mango (Mangifera indica)[بحاجة لمصدر] |
||
| State tree | జమ్మీ చెట్టు Jammi Chettu (Prosopis cineraria)[97] |
Tripura
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Tripura[99][100] | ||
| State motto | সত্যমেব জয়তে Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State animal | Phayre's leaf monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei)[101][102][103] | ||
| State bird | Green imperial pigeon (Ducula aenea)[101][102][103] | ||
| State fish | Pabda (Ompok bimaculatus)[14] | ||
| State flower | Indian rose chestnut (Mesua ferrea)[101][102][103] | ||
| State fruit | Queen pineapple (Ananas comosus)[104] | ||
| State tree | Agarwood[101][102][103] |
Uttar Pradesh
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Uttar Pradesh | ||
| State foundation day | Uttar Pradesh Day (24 January) |
||
| State animal | Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii)[105][106] | ||
| State aquatic animal | Ganges River Dolphin | ||
| State bird | Sarus crane (Grus antigone)[105][106] | ||
| State fish | Chital (Chitala chitala)[14] | ||
| State flower | Palash (Butea monosperma)[105][106] | ||
| State tree | Ashoka (Saraca asoca)[105][106] |
Uttarakhand
| Title | Symbol | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Uttarakhand | ||
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
||
| State song | Uttarakhand Devabhumi Matribhumi (Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!) |
||
| State foundation day | Uttarakhand Day (9 November) |
||
| State animal | Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster)[107][108] | ||
| State bird | Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus)[107][108] | ||
| State fish | Golden mahseer (Tor putitora)[109][110] | ||
| State butterfly | Common peacock[111][112] (Papilio bianor polyctor) | ||
| State flower | Brahma Kamal (Saussurea obvallata)[107][108] | ||
| State tree | Burans (Rhododendron arboreum)[107][108] |
West Bengal
| Title | Symbols | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| State emblem | পশ্চিমবঙ্গের সরকারি প্রতীকচিহ্ন Emblem of West Bengal |
The emblem consists of a circle depicting a globe with the state of West Bengal highlighted by a representation of the Bengali alphabet | |
| State motto | সত্যমেব জয়তে Satyameva Jayate (Truth Alone Triumphs) |
||
| State song | বাংলার মাটি বাংলার জল Banglar Mati Banglar Jol (The Soil of Bengal, The Water of Bengal)[113] |
||
| State animal | মেছোবিড়াল Fishing cat[114][115] (Prionailurus viverrinus)[116] |
||
| State bird | ধলাগলা মাছরাঙা White-throated kingfisher[114][115] (Halcyon smyrnensis) |
||
| State fish | ইলিশ Ilish (Tenualosa ilisha)[14] |
||
| State flower | পারিজাত/শিউলি Night-flowering jasmine (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis)[116] |
||
| State tree | ছাতিম গাছ Blackboard tree (Alstonia scholaris)[116][117] |
||
| State fruit | আম Mango (Mangifera indica)[118] |
Union territories
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Uses National Emblem of India | |
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
|
| State animal | Dugong sea cow[119][120] | |
| State bird | Andaman wood pigeon (Columba palumboides)[119][120] | |
| State flower | Andaman Pyinma (Lagerstroemia hypoleuca)[78] | |
| State tree | Andaman redwood (Pterocarpus dalbergioides)[119][120] |
Chandigarh
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Chandigarh | |
| State animal | Indian grey mongoose[121][122] (Urva edwardsii) | |
| State bird | Indian grey hornbill[121][122] (Ocyceros birostris) | |
| State flower | Dhak flower[121][122] (Butea monosperma) | |
| State tree | Mangifera indica[121][122] |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Uses the National Emblem of India | |
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
Delhi
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Uses the National Emblem of India | |
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
|
| State animal | Nilgai[103] (Boselaphus tragocamelus) | |
| State bird | House sparrow (Passer domesticus)[123][124] | |
| State flower | Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)[78] | |
| State tree | Flamboyant (Delonix regia)[46] |
Jammu and Kashmir
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir | |
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
|
| State animal | Kashmir stag (Cervus elaphus hanglu)[125] | |
| State bird | Kalij pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos)[126] | |
| State fish | Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora)[14] | |
| State flower | Common rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) | |
| State tree | Chinar (Platanus orientalis) | |
| State butterfly | Blue Pansy (Junonia orithya)[127] |
Ladakh
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Ladakh | |
| State motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
|
| State animal | Snow leopard (Uncia uncia)[128] | |
| State bird | Black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis)[129] | |
| State flower[130] | Himalayan Blue Poppy(Meconopsis betonicifolia) | |
| State tree[131] | Juniper (Juniperus semiglobosa) |
Lakshadweep
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Lakshadweep | |
| State animal | Butterfly fish (Chaetodon falcula)[132][133] | |
| State bird | Brown noddy (Anous stolidus)[132][133] | |
| State flower | നീലക്കുറിഞ്ഞിNeelakurinji | |
| State tree | കടപ്ലാവ് (കടച്ചക്ക മരം)Bread fruit (Artocarpus incisa)[132][133] |
Puducherry
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| State emblem | Emblem of Puducherry | |
| State motto | வாய்மையே வெல்லும் truth alone triumphs (Truth alone triumphs) |
|
| State song | Tamil Thai Valthu (Invocation to Tamil Mother) |
|
| State animal | Indian palm squirrel[134][135] (Funambulus palmarum) | |
| State bird | Koel[134][135] (Eudynamys scolopaceus) | |
| State flower | Cannonball[134][135] (Couroupita guianensis) | |
| State tree | Bael fruit tree[134][135] (Aegle marmelos) |
Autonomous administrative divisions
Some of the autonomous administrative divisions established by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India have also adopted official symbols.
Bodoland Territorial Region
| Title | Symbol | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Emblem | Uses a seal based on the National Emblem of India[136] | |
| Motto | सत्यमेव जयते Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) |
انظر أيضاً
- National symbols of India
- List of Indian state flags
- List of Indian state emblems
- List of Indian state mottos
- List of Indian state songs
- List of Indian state foundation days
- List of Indian state animals
- List of Indian state birds
- List of Indian state flowers
- List of Indian state trees
المراجع
- ^ "Is it ghatam or kumbham?". The Hindu (in الإنجليزية). 7 أكتوبر 2015. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 يناير 2023.
- ^ "ANDHRA PRADESH". www.hubert-herald.nl.
- ^ Harpe, Bill (18 مايو 2005). "Surya Kumari". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 يونيو 2019.
- ^ Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. (26th ed., 2023)
- ^ "Dravidian languages". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 يوليو 2017. Retrieved 3 سبتمبر 2018.
- ^ "Making Telugu compulsory: Mother tongues, the last stronghold against Hindi imposition". The News Minute. 12 ديسمبر 2017. Archived from the original on 13 مايو 2022. Retrieved 13 مايو 2022.
Again, Telugu is one of the two non-Hindi languages (the other being Bengali) that is the primary state official language of more than one state.
- ^ Statistics, in قالب:E26
- ^ Dalby, Andrew (28 أكتوبر 2015). Dictionary of Languages: The definitive reference to more than 400 languages (in الإنجليزية). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-4081-0214-5.
- ^ Frawley, William (مايو 2003). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set (in الإنجليزية). Oxford University Press, USA. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.
- ^ Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl R. Galvez (2001). Facts about the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present (in الإنجليزية). H.W. Wilson. p. 728. ISBN 978-0-8242-0970-4.
- ^ Deal, K.H. (2011). Wildlife and Natural Resource Management (Third ed.). Clifton Park, New York (US): Delmar Cengage Learning. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4354-5397-5.
- ^ Ganguly, N. (11 يوليو 2008). "Albino black buck attracts visitors to zoo". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 مارس 2016.
- ^ "State Symbols". Archived from the original on 5 مايو 2021. Retrieved 5 مايو 2021.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص "State Fishes of India" (PDF). National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 أكتوبر 2020. Retrieved 25 ديسمبر 2020.
- ^ Correspondent, Special. "Banginapalli mango to get geographical indication". The Hindu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 5 مايو 2017.
- ^ "GIR Search". ipindiaservices.gov.in. Archived from the original on 8 مايو 2017. Retrieved 5 مايو 2017.
- ^ "Banaganapalle mangoes finally get GI tag". Deccan Chronicle (in الإنجليزية). 4 مايو 2017. Retrieved 5 مايو 2017.
- ^ "Andhra Pradesh" (PDF). bsienvis.nic.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 25 يونيو 2016.
- ^ Williams 2004, pp. 83-84, the other major classical Indian dances are: Kathak, Odissi, Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Manipuri, Chhau, Satriya, Kuchipudi and Mohiniyattam..
- ^ "'Art has to be nurtured to sustain'". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 أبريل 2017.
- ^ Manohar Laxman Varadpande (1982). Krishna Theatre in India. Abhinav Publications. p. 133. ISBN 978-81-7017-151-5.
- ^ Ragini Devi 1990, pp. 60-68.
- ^ Sunil Kothari & Avinash Pasricha 2001, pp. 43-46, 80 footnote 8.
- ^ James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 376–377. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.
- ^ أ ب ت "Basic Statistical Figure of Arunachal Pradesh" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 فبراير 2016. Retrieved 27 يناير 2016.
- ^ أ ب "Symbols of Arunachal Pradesh". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Arunachal Pradesh". Archived from the original on 11 مارس 2015. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "State Trees and Flowers of India". flowersofindia.net. Archived from the original on 16 أبريل 2016. Retrieved 27 يناير 2016.
- ^ "State Tree of Arunachal Pradesh" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 فبراير 2016. Retrieved 27 يناير 2016.
- ^ "State animal of Bihar (Gaur) – complete detail – updated". natureconservation.in. 12 مارس 2020. Archived from the original on 3 أغسطس 2017. Retrieved 22 ديسمبر 2016.
- ^ "Sparrow to become the state bird of Bihar | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". dna (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 8 يناير 2013. Archived from the original on 26 سبتمبر 2018. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2016.
- ^ "Bihar State Symbols". www.onlinesaraswati.com. Archived from the original on 12 مايو 2020. Retrieved 17 يوليو 2019.
- ^ "Chhattisgarh State Song : अरपा पैरी के धार... बना छत्तीसगढ़ का राजगीत". 4 نوفمبر 2019. Archived from the original on 21 مارس 2020. Retrieved 21 مارس 2020.
- ^ "Chattisgarh's official song to play after Vande Mataram to mark commencement of assembly session". Archived from the original on 21 مارس 2020. Retrieved 21 مارس 2020.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Chhattisgarh". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Chhattisgarh". Archived from the original on 15 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Goa". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب "Symbols of Goa". Archived from the original on 15 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "Ruby-throated yellow bulbul". The Goan. Archived from the original on 14 نوفمبر 2018. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2016.
- ^ "Shevtto declared state fish as it is extensively found throughout year". www.navhindtimes.in. 8 يناير 2016. Archived from the original on 22 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 20 أغسطس 2017.
- ^ New Mullet Archived 3 مارس 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ أ ب "Gujarat forgets state bird, tree and flower". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 27 ديسمبر 2016. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2016.
- ^ "List of Indian state/union territory birds". ENVIS Centre on Avian Ecology. Archived from the original on 30 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 17 أغسطس 2016.
- ^ "Ghol fish declared state fish of Gujarat. Its price will cost you a Europe trip". India Today (in الإنجليزية). 21 نوفمبر 2023. Retrieved 26 نوفمبر 2023.
- ^ "Which is State Flower of Gujarat". www.nrigujarati.co.in. Archived from the original on 30 ديسمبر 2017. Retrieved 22 ديسمبر 2016.
- ^ أ ب ت "State Trees of India". ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity. 26 أبريل 2017. Archived from the original on 19 يونيو 2015. Retrieved 16 فبراير 2016.
- ^ "State Animals, Birds, Trees and Flowers of India". Archived from the original on 8 مارس 2016. Retrieved 8 مارس 2016.
- ^ "State Symbols of India". Archived from the original on 14 فبراير 2019. Retrieved 30 مايو 2018.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Haryana". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Haryana". Archived from the original on 10 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Himachal Pradesh". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Himachal Pradesh". Archived from the original on 26 يونيو 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "Jharkhand foundation day 2022: Facts about its history, formation, politics etc". The Times of India. 15 نوفمبر 2022. Retrieved 6 مارس 2024.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Jharkhand". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Jharkhand". Archived from the original on 27 سبتمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "KERALA". www.hubert-herald.nl. Archived from the original on 17 أكتوبر 2018. Retrieved 27 يناير 2016.
- ^ "G.O.(Ms) No.19/2019/F&WLD" (PDF). Forest & Wildlife Department, Government of Kerala. 28 يونيو 2019. Retrieved 7 نوفمبر 2025.
- ^ "Symbols of Madya Pradesh". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 18 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "Symbols of Madya Pradesh". Archived from the original on 19 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 18 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب "State Symbols of MP". mpsbb.nic.in. Madhya Pradesh State Biodiversity Board. Archived from the original on 25 يوليو 2016. Retrieved 25 يونيو 2016.
- ^ "State Animals, Birds, Trees and Flowers of India". frienvis.nic.in. ENVIS Centre on Forestry. Archived from the original on 8 مارس 2016. Retrieved 10 يناير 2017.
- ^ "Madhya Pradesh" (PDF). ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 فبراير 2016. Retrieved 16 فبراير 2016.
- ^ By Vijay Chavan (17 يوليو 2018). "State govt's spin on Chhatrapati Shivaji's rajmudra draws public ire". Punemirror.indiatimes.com. Archived from the original on 11 أكتوبر 2020. Retrieved 29 أبريل 2022.
- ^ أ ب "Symbols of Maharashtra". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 18 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "Maharashtra gets 'State butterfly'". The Hindu (in الإنجليزية). 22 يونيو 2015. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 17 أكتوبر 2019. Retrieved 27 يناير 2016.
- ^ "Silver pomfret declared 'state fish' of Maha". Hindustan Times (in الإنجليزية). 6 سبتمبر 2023. Retrieved 26 نوفمبر 2023.
- ^ "State Flower of Maharashtra" (PDF). ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 أغسطس 2015. Retrieved 16 فبراير 2016.
- ^ "State Tree of Maharashtra" (PDF). ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 16 فبراير 2016.
- ^ "Patriots' Day celebrated in Manipur". NewsOnAIR. 13 أغسطس 2021. Archived from the original on 16 سبتمبر 2021. Retrieved 29 أبريل 2022.
- ^ أ ب "States and Union Territories Symbols". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 20 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب "Official website of Forest Department, Government of Manipur, India". manipurforest.gov.in. Archived from the original on 5 يناير 2014. Retrieved 20 يناير 2014.
- ^ "State Bird: Nongin". manenvis.nic.in. Archived from the original on 4 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 11 يونيو 2016.
- ^ "State Tree of Manipur" (PDF). bsienvis.nic.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 11 يونيو 2016.
- ^ "Dy CM unveils State Emblem". 22 يناير 2022. Archived from the original on 3 أغسطس 2022. Retrieved 3 أغسطس 2022.
- ^ "Meghalaya Biodiversity Board | Faunal Diversity in Meghalaya". megbiodiversity.nic.in. Archived from the original on 18 أكتوبر 2016. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2016.
- ^ "The Telegraph – Calcutta : Northeast". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 18 أكتوبر 2016. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2016.
- ^ "State Animals, Birds, Trees and Flowers of India". www.frienvis.nic.in. Archived from the original on 8 مارس 2016. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2016.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج "State Flowers of India". www.bsienvis.nic.in. Archived from the original on 6 مايو 2019. Retrieved 16 فبراير 2016.
- ^ "State Tree of Meghalaya" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 فبراير 2016. Retrieved 27 يناير 2016.
- ^ "Symbols of Mizoram". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ "Symbols of Mizoram". Archived from the original on 30 يونيو 2015. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ "Symbols of Nagaland". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 20 يناير 2014.
- ^ "Symbols of Nagaland". Archived from the original on 23 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 20 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "States and Union Territories Symbols". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 8 نوفمبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت Mohanty, Prafulla Kumar (ديسمبر 2005). "Sambar : The State Animal of Orissa" (PDF). odisha.gov.in. Orissa Review. p. 62. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 8 نوفمبر 2013.
- ^ Mohanty, Prafulla Kumar (أبريل 2005). "Blue Jay : The State Bird of Orissa" (PDF). odisha.gov.in. Orissa Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 7 نوفمبر 2013.
- ^ "Symbols of Punjab". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 23 يناير 2014.
- ^ "Symbols of Punjab" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 23 يناير 2014.
- ^ "State Flowers of India". www.bsienvis.nic.in. Archived from the original on 6 مايو 2019. Retrieved 16 فبراير 2016.
- ^ Pioneer, The. "Indus River Dolphin declared Punjab's State aquatic animal". The Pioneer (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 30 مارس 2019. Retrieved 30 مارس 2019.
- ^ "Symbols of Rajasthan". Archived from the original on 30 أكتوبر 2014. Retrieved 21 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "Symbols of Rajasthan". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 21 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ State symbols Archived 14 نوفمبر 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ أ ب ت ث "States and Union Territories Symbols". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 13 يونيو 2016.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Flora and Fauna". sikkimtourism.gov.in. Archived from the original on 17 أبريل 2016. Retrieved 13 يونيو 2016.
- ^ "Sikkim declares 'Katley' as State fish". Archived from the original on 30 أكتوبر 2022. Retrieved 30 أكتوبر 2022.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Know India.gov.in – Telangana Symbols". Know India .gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 ديسمبر 2019. Retrieved 17 نوفمبر 2017.
- ^ "Murrel is State fish". The Hindu. 21 يوليو 2016. Retrieved 17 أغسطس 2016.
- ^ "MSN". www.msn.com. Retrieved 23 أغسطس 2025.
- ^ "Central government officially recognized new symbol for the Tripura government as the state emblem – Neindia". neindia.com. Retrieved 23 أغسطس 2025.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Triputa". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Tripura". Archived from the original on 23 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج "State Animals, Birds, Trees and Flowers of India". ENVIS Centre on Forestry. 2 يوليو 2015. Archived from the original on 8 مارس 2016. Retrieved 8 مارس 2016.
- ^ "President declares queen pineapple as Tripura's 'State Fruit' - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 يونيو 2018. Archived from the original on 2 أبريل 2019. Retrieved 13 أكتوبر 2018.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Uttar Pradesh". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 أغسطس 2013. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Uttrakhand". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Uttarakhand". Archived from the original on 15 يوليو 2013. Retrieved 22 يناير 2014.
- ^ "State Fishes of India" (PDF). National Fisheries Development Board, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 أكتوبر 2020. Retrieved 26 أغسطس 2020.
- ^ Sharma, Nihi (1 ديسمبر 2017). "To protect the endangered 'mahaseer' fish, Uttarakhand set to rope in fishermen". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 10 أكتوبر 2020. Retrieved 26 أغسطس 2020.
- ^ "Common Peacock Male Papilio Bianor Polyctor". Archived from the original on 31 يوليو 2020. Retrieved 7 يناير 2017.
- ^ "Uttarakhand to declare 'Common Peacock' as state butterfly". 18 نوفمبر 2016. Archived from the original on 2 يناير 2017. Retrieved 9 يناير 2017.
- ^ "WB assembly passes resolution to observe Bengali new year, Poila Baisakh, as Bengal Day | Politics".
- ^ أ ب "Symbols of West Bengal". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 12 ديسمبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب "Symbols of West Bengal" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 أغسطس 2013. Retrieved 12 ديسمبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت "State animals, birds, trees and flowers" (PDF). Wildlife Institute of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 يونيو 2007. Retrieved 5 مارس 2012.
- ^ "West Bengal" (PDF). bsienvis.nic.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 13 يونيو 2016.
- ^ "পশ্চিমবঙ্গের জাতীয় ফল কী? | পশ্চিমবঙ্গের জাতীয় ফলের নাম - ExamBangla.com : West Bengal's #1 Trusted Job News Portal" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 25 مايو 2023. Retrieved 4 مارس 2025.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Andaman & Nicobar". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Andaman & Nicobar". Archived from the original on 6 يناير 2015. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Chandigarh". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Chandigarh" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 سبتمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "Symbols of Delhi". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ "Symbols of Delhi" (PDF). delhi.gov.in. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب "J&K, Ladakh to get new state bird, animal after Oct 31". 7 أكتوبر 2019. Archived from the original on 7 أكتوبر 2019. Retrieved 7 أكتوبر 2019.
- ^ "Kalij Pheasant declared as bird of Jammu & Kashmir UT". The Chenab Times. 21 أكتوبر 2021. Archived from the original on 21 أكتوبر 2021. Retrieved 21 أكتوبر 2021.
- ^ Irfan Raina (23 يونيو 2023). "Blue Pansy declared as 'Butterfly of J&K'". Greater Kashmir. Archived from the original on 23 يونيو 2023. Retrieved 23 يونيو 2023.
- ^ Khajuria, Sanjay (1 سبتمبر 2021). "Snow leopard, Black necked crane declared state animal and birds in Ladakh". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 سبتمبر 2021. Retrieved 1 سبتمبر 2021.
- ^ "'Jammu Kashmir', 'Ladakh' and the 'Crane' – Hill Post". 30 أكتوبر 2019. Archived from the original on 30 أكتوبر 2019. Retrieved 30 أكتوبر 2019.
- ^ Excelsior, Daily (19 ديسمبر 2022). "Shukpa, Tsersnon proposed as State tree, flower of Ladakh". DailyExcelsior (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 29 ديسمبر 2023.
- ^ "Order No:01 of 2023 /FEE/UTL: Juniper Tree declear as State Tree. | The Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India" (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 29 ديسمبر 2023.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Lakshadweep". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 17 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت "Symbols of Laksdweep" (PDF). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 17 أكتوبر 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Pondicherry". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 12 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 23 يناير 2014.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Symbols of Pondicherry". Archived from the original on 20 فبراير 2018. Retrieved 23 يناير 2014.
- ^ "Bodoland Territorial Council". Archived from the original on 27 أكتوبر 2020. Retrieved 13 أبريل 2020.
المصادر
- Sunil Kothari; Avinash Pasricha (2001). Kuchipudi. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-359-5.
- Reginald Massey (2004). India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-434-9.
- Ragini Devi (1990). Dance Dialects of India. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0674-0.
- Farley P. Richmond; Darius L. Swann; Phillip B. Zarrilli (1993). Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0981-9.
- Williams, Drid (2004). "In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing" (PDF). Visual Anthropology. Routledge. 17 (1): 69–98. doi:10.1080/08949460490274013. S2CID 29065670. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 يونيو 2013. Retrieved 30 مارس 2023.
General references
- 102-Journal de Kanpur Vol-3/ year 2018
- GSV Journalism Research Center.India.Kanpur
External links
- CS1 الإنجليزية الأمريكية-language sources (en-us)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Use dmy dates from November 2020
- Use Indian English from January 2014
- All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English
- Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016
- Articles with excerpts
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Articles with broken excerpts
- Lists of Indian state symbols
- Indian state seals
- Indian coats of arms
- Lists of Indian state symbols by state