تمساح حقيقي (تحت فصيلة)

(تم التحويل من Crocodylinae)

تمساح حقيقي
Temporal range: Eocene–Holocene, 38–0 Ma
Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)
التصنيف العلمي e
Phylum: حبليات
Order: تمساحيات
الفصيلة: تماسيح (فصيلة)
تحت فصيلة: تمساح
Cuvier, 1807
Type species
Crocodylus niloticus
Laurenti, 1768
Genera

Crocodylinae is a subfamily of true crocodiles within the family Crocodylidae, and is the sister taxon to Osteolaeminae (dwarf crocodiles and slender-snouted crocodiles).

التصنيف

Crocodylinae was cladistically defined by Christopher Brochu in 1999 as Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile crocodile) and all crocodylians more closely related to it than to Osteolaemus tetraspis (the Dwarf crocodile).[1][2] This is a stem-based definition, and is the sister taxon to Osteolaeminae.

Crocodylinae contains the extant genus Crocodylus. It is disputed as to whether is also includes Mecistops (slender-snouted crocodiles),[2][3] or the extinct genus Voay.[4]

Phylogeny

Some morphological studies have recovered Mecistops as a basal member of Crocodylinae, more closely related to Crocodylus than to Osteolaemus and the other members of Osteolaeminae,[2][3] as shown in the cladogram below.[3]

Crocodylidae

Osteolaeminae

 

Rimasuchus lloydi†

 
 

 

Voay robustus†

 
 

 

Osteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile

 
 

Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile

 
 
 
 

 

"Crocodylus" gariepensis†

 
 

 

 

Brochuchus parvidens†

 
 

Brochuchus pigotti†

 
 
 

 

Euthecodon arambourgi†

 
 

Euthecodon brumpti†

 
 
 
 
 
Crocodylinae

 

Mecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile

 
 

 

 

Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni†

 
 

Crocodylus anthropophagus†

 
 
 

 

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile

 
 

 

Crocodylus checchiai†

 
 

Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus acutus American crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile

 
 
 

Crocodylus palaeindicus†

 
 

 

Crocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile

 
 

 

 

Crocodylus ossifragus†

 
 

Crocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile

 
 
 

 

Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile

 
 

 

Crocodylus raninus Borneo crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Paleoafrican Crocodylus
Neotropical Crocodylus
Indo-Pacific Crocodylus
 

The below cladogram is based on a 2021 study using paleogenomics that extracted DNA from the extinct Voay, recovering it as a member of Crocodylinae.[4]

Crocodylidae

Osteolaeminae

 

 

Mecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile

 
 

Euthecodon†

 
 
 

 

Brochuchus†

 
 

 

Rimasuchus†

 
 

 

Osteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile

 
 

Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile

 
 
 
 
 
Crocodylinae

 

Voay†

 
Crocodylus

 

 

 

Crocodylus anthropophagus†

 
 

Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni†

 
 
 

 

Crocodylus palaeindicus†

 
 

Crocodylus Tirari Desert†

 
 
 
 

 

 

 

Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile

 
 

 

Crocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile

 
 
 
 

 

Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile

 
 

 

Crocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile

 
 
 
 
 

 

 

Crocodylus checchiai†

 
 

Crocodylus falconensis†

 
 
 

 

Crocodylus suchus West African crocodile

 
 

 

Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile

 
 

 

 

Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile

 
 
 

 

Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile

 
 

Crocodylus acutus American crocodile

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(crown group)

قائمة الأنواع

American crocodile at La Manzanilla, Jalisco, Mexico
A skull of the extinct Voay robustus

Crocodylinae contains 13-14 extant species and 6 extinct species.

المراجع

  1. ^ Brochu, C. A.; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of Crocodylus in Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (3): 587–602. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..587B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324. S2CID 85103427.
  2. ^ أ ب ت Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
  3. ^ أ ب ت Azarra, Beatrice; Boschian, Giovanni; Brochu, Christopher; Delfino, Massimo; Iurino, Dawid Adam; Kimambo, Jackson Stanley; Manzi, Giorgio; Masao, Fidelis T.; Menconero, Sofia; Njau, Jackson K; Cherin, Marco (2021). "A new cranium of Crocodylus anthropophagus from Olduvai Gorge, northern Tanzania". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy). 127 (2): 275–295. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/15771.
  4. ^ أ ب Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology (in الإنجليزية). 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.
  5. ^ "Species | the Reptile Database".