غابة بياوڤيجا

(تم التحويل من Białowieża Forest)
Białowieża Forest[1]
Puszcza Białowieska  (پولندية)
Белавежская пушча (بلاروسية)
Biełaviežskaja Pušča
Беловежская пуща (روسية)
Belovezhskaya pushcha
Bialowieza National Park in Poland0029.JPG
Fallen tree in the Białowieża Forest
Map showing the location of Białowieża Forest[1]
Map showing the location of Białowieża Forest[1]
Map showing the location of Białowieża Forest[1]
Map showing the location of Białowieża Forest[1]
الموقعGrodno and Brest regions, Belarus
Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
أقرب مدينةHajnówka, Poland
الإحداثيات52°45′N 23°50′E / 52.750°N 23.833°E / 52.750; 23.833Coordinates: 52°45′N 23°50′E / 52.750°N 23.833°E / 52.750; 23.833
المساحة3,085.8 km2 (1,191.4 sq mi)
تأسست11 August 1932
الهيئة الحاكمةMinistries of the Environment of Belarus and Poland
موقع تراث عالمي لليونسكو
السماتNatural: ix, x
مراجع33
التدوين1979 (3rd Session)
الامتدادات1992, 2014

Białowieża Forest[أ] is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the immense primeval forest that once stretched across the European Plain. The forest is home to 800 European bison, Europe's heaviest land animal.[2] UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme designated the Polish Biosphere Reserve Białowieża in 1976[3] and the Belarusian Biosphere Reserve Belovezhskaya Puschcha in 1993.[4]

In 2015, the Belarusian Biosphere Reserve occupied the area of 216,200 ha (2,162 km2; 835 sq mi), subdivided into transition, buffer and core zones.[5] The forest has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site[6] and an EU Natura 2000 Special Area of Conservation. The World Heritage Committee by its decision of June 2014 approved the extension of the UNESCO World Heritage site "Belovezhskaya Pushcha/Białowieża Forest, Belarus, Poland", which became "Białowieża Forest, Belarus, Poland".[7] It straddles the border between Poland (Podlaskie Voivodeship) and Belarus (Brest and Grodno voblasts), and is 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of Brest, Belarus and 62 kilometres (39 miles) southeast of Białystok, Poland. The Białowieża Forest World Heritage site covers a total area of 141,885 ha (1,418.85 km2; 547.82 sq mi).[8] Since the border between the two countries runs through the forest, there is a border crossing available for hikers and cyclists.

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Name

The Białowieża Forest takes its name from the Polish village of Białowieża, which is located in the middle of the forest and was probably one of the first human settlements in the area. Białowieża means "White Tower" in Polish. The name stems from the white wooden hunting-manor established in the village by Władysław II Jagiełło, the King of Poland who ruled the country from 1386 until his death in 1434 and who enjoyed going on hunting trips in the forest. The modern Belarusian name for the forest is Biełaviežskaja pušča (Белавежская пушча), although both the Belarusian authorities and UNESCO use the official Russian name Belovezhskaya pushcha (Беловежская пуща) from before the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union.[9][10][11]


Nature protection

Approximate range of the Białowieża Primeval Forest in Poland and Belarus.

Białowieża National Park, Poland

المقالة الرئيسية: Białowieża National Park
Białowieża National Park Visitor Centre

Belavezhskaya Pushcha National Park, Belarus

المقالة الرئيسية: Belavezhskaya Pushcha National Park
In 2009, the Ecological Education Centre was built in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park.

History

Belovezhskaya Pushcha coat of arms on Pre-Stamped Envelope of the Belarus, 2009: 600th Anniversary of Belovezhskaya Pushcha reserve status


20th-century wartime damage and restoration

Bison in Białowieża Forest
Royal Oaks Trail, Białowieża Forest
Stephanopachys linearis specimen collected in Białowieża Forest in 2015.


After the war, part of the forest was divided between Poland and the Belarusian SSR of the Soviet Union. The Soviet part was put under public administration while Poland reopened the Białowieża National Park in 1947.

Belovezhskaya Pushcha was protected under Decision No. 657 of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union, 9 October 1944; Order No. 2252-P of the USSR Council of Ministers, 9 August 1957; and Decree No. 352 of the Byelorussian SSR Council of Ministers, 16 September 1991.

In December 1991, the Belavezha Accords, the decision to dissolve the Soviet Union, were signed at a meeting in the Belarusian part of the reserve by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus.

Named oaks

The King of Nieznanowo oak
Emperor of the South oak
Patriarch Oak, one of the oldest oaks in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park


See also


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Notes

  1. ^ بالبيلاروسية: Белавежская пушча; پولندية: Puszcza Białowieska  النطق الپولندي: [ˈpuʂt͡ʂa ˌbʲawɔˈvʲɛska] ( استمع); روسية: Беловежская пуща, romanized: Belovezhskaya Pushcha

References

  1. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Decision – 38COM 8B.12". unesco.org. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  2. ^ Baczynska, Gabriela (28 September 2008). "Climate change clouds fate of ancient Polish woods". Reuters. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
  3. ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information – Bialowieza". Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  4. ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information – Belovezhskaya Puschcha". Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  5. ^ "Биосферный резерват "Беловежская пуща" обрел современную территориаль…". brest.by. 24 May 2015. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  6. ^ "21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of". The Daily Telegraph.
  7. ^ "Decision 38 COM 8B.12 of the World Heritage Committee" (PDF). whc.unesco.org.
  8. ^ "Białowieża Forest, Belarus, Poland". UNESCO/WHC website. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  9. ^ "Belovezhskaya Pushcha/Białowieża Forest" at the UNESCO official webpage. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  10. ^ Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park – Official Website of the Republic of Belarus.
  11. ^ Belovezhskaya pushcha – Belarusian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Białowieża National Park.

قالب:World Heritage Sites in Belarus

قالب:Polish protected areas

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