1188
| القرون: | قرن 11 · قرن 12 · قرن 13 |
| العقود: | ع1150 ع1160 ع1170 ع1180 ع1190 ع1200 ع1210 |
| السنوات: | 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 |
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 11 – القرن 12 – القرن 13 |
| عقود: | عقد 1150 عقد 1160 عقد 1170 – عقد 1180 – عقد 1190 عقد 1200 عقد 1210 |
| سنين: | 1185 1186 1187 – 1188 – 1189 1190 1191 |
| 1188 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| الفنون والآداب | |
| 1188 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1188 MCLXXXVIII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1941 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 637 ԹՎ ՈԼԷ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5938 |
| التقويم البهائي | −656 – −655 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 595 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2138 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 34 Hen. 2 – 35 Hen. 2 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1732 |
| التقويم البورمي | 550 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6696–6697 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丁未年 (النار الماعز) 3884 أو 3824 — إلى — 戊申年 (التراب القرد) 3885 أو 3825 |
| التقويم القبطي | 904–905 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2354 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1180–1181 |
| التقويم العبري | 4948–4949 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1244–1245 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1110–1111 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4289–4290 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11188 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 188–189 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 566–567 |
| التقويم الهجري | 583–584 |
| التقويم الياباني | Bunji 4 (文治４年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1188 MCLXXXVIII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3521 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 724 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前724年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1731 |
Year 1188 (MCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
By place
Europe
- January 22 – King Ferdinand II dies after returning from a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Alfonso IX, who becomes ruler of León and Galicia. He convenes representatives of the nobility, clergy and towns at the Basilica of San Isidoro the Cortes of León. These Corteses are considered to be the first parliament in Europe.
- Spring – King Henry II and Philip II (Augustus) meet at Le Mans, with Archbishop Josias (or Joscius) in attendance. Both kings agree to peace terms, and to contribute to a joint Crusade. It is decided to raise a new tax to pay for the expedition. This tax, known as the Saladin Tithe, is imposed on the people of England and France to raise funds for the Third Crusade.
- March 27 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) holds a Diet at Mainz and takes the Cross, followed by his 21-year-old son, Frederick IV, and other German nobles. He sends a delegation to present an ultimatum to Saladin in Syria on May 26. With demands to withdraw his Muslim forces from Palestina and to return the True Cross to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
- November – Richard of Poitou, son of Henry II, allies himself with Philip II and pays him homage. He promises to concede his rights to both Normandy and Anjou. Henry is overpowered by Richard's supporters, who chase him from Le Mans to Angers. They force him to accept peace by conceding to all demands, including the recognition of Richard as his successor.[1]
- The Cutting of the Elm: A meeting of Henry II and Philip II in the field at Gisors, in Normandy. It marks the Franco-Norman peace negotiations, following the Fall of Jerusalem (see 1187).
Levant
- Spring – Siege of Tyre: Muslim forces under Saladin withdraw from Tyre after a 1½-month siege. For the Crusaders, the city-port becomes a strategic rallying point for the Christian revival during the Third Crusade.
- May 14 – Saladin begins a campaign and marches north but finds Tripoli too strong to be besieged. He decides to take other Crusader fortifications and signs an 8-month truce with Prince Bohemond III of Antioch.
- May – Saladin besieges the Hospitaller fortress of Krak des Chevaliers, in Syria. Seeing that the castle is too well defended, instead he decides to march on the Castle of Margat, which he also fails to capture.[2]
- July – Saladin marches through the Buqaia, and occupies Jabala and Lattakieh. From Lattakieh he turns inland and, after a few days of fierce fighting, takes Sahyun Castle (called Castle of Saladin) on July 29.[3]
- September 4 – King Guy of Lusignan is released by Saladin after Ascalon is forced to surrender. Guy and his wife, Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem, seek refuge in Tyre, which is defended by Conrad of Montferrat.
England
- Spring – Henry II institutes legal reforms that give the Crown more control over the administration of justice. He orders Newgate Prison be built in London.[4]
- Archdeacon Giraldus Cambrensis and Archbishop Baldwin of Forde travel through Wales, attempting to recruit men for the Third Crusade.
مواليد
- March 4 – Blanche of Castile, queen and regent of France (d. 1252)
- March 24 – Ferdinand (or Ferrand), count of Flanders (d. 1233)
- November 26 – Yuri II of Vladimir, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1238)
- Albert IV (the Wise), German nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
- Matilda I, countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (d. 1257)
- Si Inthrathit, Thai founder of the Sukhothai Kingdom (d. 1270)
وفيات
- January 22 – Ferdinand II, king of León and Galicia (b. 1137)
- January 26 – Eysteinn Erlendsson, Norwegian archbishop[5]
- 1188 – Death of Seljuki Khatun
- October 11 – Robert I (the Great), count of Dreux (b. 1123)
- November 4 – Theobald of Ostia, French abbot and bishop
- November 17 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Arabian poet and knight (b. 1095)
- December 14 – Berthold I, margrave of Istria and Carniola
- December 22 – Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchester
- Aoife MacMurrough (or Eva), princess of Leinster (b. 1145)
- Guigo II, prior of the Grande Chatreuse[6]
- Hugh the Chaplain, bishop of Cell Rigmonaid (St. Andrews)
- Roger de Mowbray, English nobleman and knight (b. 1120)
References
- ^ Warren, W. L. (2000). Henry II (Yale ed.), pp. 621–622. New Haven, U.S.: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08474-0.
- ^ Kennedy, Hugh (1994). Crusader Castles, p. 147. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42068-7.
- ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 383. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- ^ Halliday, Stephen (2007). Newgate: London's Prototype of Hell. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-3896-9.
- ^ Dybdahl, Audun. "Øystein Erlendsson". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Colledge, O.S.A., Edmund; Walsh, S.J., James (1981). The ladder of monks: A letter on the contemplative life and Twelve Meditations. Kalamazoo, Mich. : Cistercian Publications. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-87907-848-5. Retrieved 8 March 2024.