كيكويو (لغة)

Kikuyu
Gĩgĩkũyũ
النطق[ɣēkōjó]
موطنهاKenya
المنطقةCentral Province
العرقAgĩkũyũ
الناطقون الأصليون
6٫6 million (2009 census)e18
أكواد اللغات
ISO 639-2kik
ISO 639-2kik
ISO 639-3kik
Glottologkiku1240
E.51[1]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
 الشخص  Mũgĩkũyũ/Mũndũ
 الشعب  Agĩkũyũ
 اللغة  Gĩgĩkũyũ
 البلد  Bũrũrĩ Wa Gĩkũyũ

كيكويو Kikuyu أو گيكويو (Gikuyu ؛ Gikuyu: Gĩkũyũ ؛ [ɣēkōjó]) هي لغة في عائلة لغات البانتو يستخدمها أساساً شعب كيكويو (Agĩkũyũ) في كينيا. كيكويو يُتحدث بها في المنطقة الواقعة بين نييري ونيروبي. عادة ما يحدد شعب كيكويو أراضيهم من خلال السلاسل الجبلية المحيطة في وسط كينيا والتي يسمونها "كيرينياگا Kĩrĩnyaga".

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الأصوات

Symbols shown in parentheses are those used in the orthography.


الصوائت

Front Central Back
High i u
Mid-high e (ĩ) o (ũ)
Mid-low ɛ (e) ɔ (o)
Low a

الصوامت

Bilabial Dental/
Alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless t (t) k (k)
voiced prenasalised ᵐb (mb) ⁿd (nd) ᵑɡ (ng)
Affricate ᶮdʒ (nj)
Nasal m (m) n (n) ɲ (ny) ŋ (ng')
Fricative voiceless ʃ (c) h (h)
voiced β (b) ð (th) ɣ (g)
Liquid ɾ (r)
Approximant j (y) w (w)

The prenasalized consonants are often pronounced without prenasalization, and thus /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮdʒ ᵑɡ/ are often realized as [b d dʒ ɡ].

التنغيم

Kikuyu has two level tones (high and low), a low-high rising tone, and downstep.[2]

النحو

The canonical word order of Gĩkũyũ is SVO (subject–verb–object). It uses prepositions rather than postpostions, and adjectives follow nouns.[3]

الأبجدية

Kikuyu is written in a Latin alphabet. It does not use the letters l p q s v x z, and adds the letters ĩ and ũ. The Kikuyu alphabet is:

a b c d e g h i ĩ j k m n o r t u ũ w y[4]

Some sounds are represented by digraphs such as ng for the velar nasal /ŋ/.

عينة من العبارات

العربية گيوكو
How are you Ũhoro waku or kũhana atĩa?
Give me water He maĩ
How are you doing? Ũrĩ mwega? or Wi mwega
I am hungry Ndĩ mũhũtu
Help me Ndeithia
I am good Ndĩ mwega
Are you a friend? Wĩ mũrata?
Bye, be blessed Tigwo na wega/Tigwo na thaayũ
I love you Nĩngwendete.
Come here Ũka haha
I will phone you Nĩngũkũhũrĩra thimũ
Am blessed Ndĩmũrathime
God is good Ngai ni mwega
Give me money He mbeca
Stop nonsense Tiga wana
Corona will soon end Corona nĩĩguthĩra narũa
You are learned Wi műthomű

الأدب

There is a notable literature written in the Kikuyu language. For instance, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Mũrogi wa Kagogo (Wizard of the Crow) is the longest known book written in Kikuyu. Other authors writing in Kikuyu are Gatua wa Mbũgwa and Waithĩra wa Mbuthia. Mbuthia has published various works in different genres—essays, poetry, children stories and translations—in Kikuyu. The late Wahome Mutahi also sometimes wrote in Kikuyu.

In popular culture

In the 1983 movie Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, the character Nien Nunb speaks in the Kikuyu language.[5]

References

  1. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  2. ^ Kevin C. Ford, 1975. "The tones of nouns in Kikuyu," Studies in African Linguistics 6, 49–64; G.N. Clements & Kevin C. Ford, 1979, "Kikuyu Tone Shift and its Synchronic Consequences", Linguistic Inquiry 10.2, 179–210.
  3. ^ Wals.info
  4. ^ [1]
  5. ^ Feldmann, Compiled From Wire Service Dispatches With Analysis From Monitor Correspondents Around The World,Edited By Linda (1983-07-28). "In Kenya, audiences roar at language in 'Jedi' film". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2017-06-24. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ببليوگرافيا

  • Armstrong, Lilias E. 1967. The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu. London: Published for the International African Institute by Dawsons of Pall Mall.
  • Barlow, A. Ruffell and T. G. Benson. 1975. English-Kikuyu Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Barlow, A. Ruffell. 1951. Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons,
  • Benson, T. G. 1964. Kikuyu–English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gecaga B. M. and Kirkaldy-Willis W.H. 1953. English–Kikuyu, Kikuyu–English Vocabulary. Nairobi: The Eagle Press.
  • Leakey L. S. B. 1989. First Lessons in Kikuyu. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.
  • Mugane John 1997. A Paradigmatic Grammar of Gikuyu. Stanford, California: CSLI publications.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

وصلات خارجية

Wikipedia
كيكويو (لغة) edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

قالب:Languages of Kenya

الكلمات الدالة: