قائمة العضلات الهيكلية بجسم الإنسان

هذا هو جدول العضلات الهيكلية بالتشريح البشري، مع عد للعضلات ومعلومات أخرى.

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الجدول

العضلة الموقع الأصل Insertion الشريان العصب Action Antagonist O TA
 
occipitalis head, occipitofrontalis, back of skull (left/right) superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid part of temporal bone epicranial aponeurosis occipital artery facial nerve [CNVII], posterior auricular nerve retracts scalp ? 2 1
frontalis head, occipitofrontalis, forehead (left/right) skin of eyebrow and glabella ophthalmic artery facial nerve [CNVII], temporal branch wrinkles eyebrow procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles[1] 2 1
orbicularis oculi, orbital part head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) frontal bone lateral palpebral raphe ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch closes eyelids (voluntary, winking/squeezing) levator palpebrae superioris 2 3
orbicularis oculi, palpebral part medial palpebral ligament lateral palpebral raphe ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch closes eyelids (involuntary, blinking/sleeping) levator palpebrae superioris 2 3
orbicularis oculi, deep palpebral (lacrimal) part posterior crest of lacrimal bone Edges of eyelids ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch facilitates tear ducts ? 2 3
corrugator supercilii head, eye (left/right) nasal part of frontal bone intermediate third of skin of eyebrow ophthalmic artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch moves skin of forehead medially and inferiorly (towards root of nose) ? 2 1
depressor supercilii nasal part of frontal bone, medial rim of orbit medial third of skin of eyebrow ophthalmic artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch moves skin of eyebrows inferiorly ? 2 1
levator palpebrae superioris head, extraocular (left/right) sphenoid bone tarsal plate, upper eyelid ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII] retracts and elevates eyelid orbicularis oculi 2 1
superior tarsal underside of levator palpebrae superioris superior tarsal plate of eyelid ophthalmic artery sympathetic nervous system raises upper eyelid ? 2 1
rectus, superior head, eye, orbit (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII], superior branch adducts, elevates, and medially rotates eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2 1
rectus, inferior annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII], inferior branch adducts and depresses eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2 1
rectus, medial annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 5.5 mm medial to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII], inferior branch adducts eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2 1
rectus, lateral annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 7 mm temporal to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery abducens nerve [CNVI] abducts eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2 1
oblique, superior head, extraocular (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic canal outer posterior quadrant of eyeball ophthalmic artery, lateral muscular branch trochlear nerve [CNIV] abducts, intorts, and depress eye right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) 2 1
oblique, inferior orbital surface of maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove laterally onto eyeball, deep to lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII] abducts, extorts, and elevates eye right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) 2 1
temporoparietalis head, ear, outer ear (left/right) auriculares muscles epicranial aponeurosis facial nerve [CNVII] fixes galeal aponeurosis 2 1
auricularis anterior head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right) temporal fascia front of helix of ear posterior auricular artery facial nerve [CNVII] pulls auricle forwards 2 1
auricularis superior epicranial aponeurosis dorsocranial surface of auricle posterior auricular artery facial nerve [CNVII] pulls auricle upwards 2 1
auricularis posterior mastoid process of temporal bone, tendon of sternocleidomastoid dorsal part of auricle posterior auricular artery facial nerve [CNVII] pulls auricle backwards ? 2 1
helicis major head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) Spina helicis Anterior border of the helix Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries Facial nerve depresses the anterior margin of the ear cartilage ? 2 1
helicis minor Base of the helical crus Anterior aspect of the helical crus Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries Facial nerve, Posterior auricular nerve branch Adjusts the shape of the anterior margin of the ear cartilage ? 2 1
tragicus Base of the tragus Apex of the tragus Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries Facial nerve Increase the opening of the external acoustic meatus ? 2 1
antitragicus Outer part of the antitragus Cauda helicis and antihelix Auricular branch of superficial temporal and auricular branches of posterior auricular artery Facial nerve Modifies the auricular shape ? 2 1
auricle, transverse Cranial surface of the eminentia conchae Cranial surface of the eminentia scaphae Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries Facial nerve Flattens the cranial profile outer ear ? 2 1
auricle, oblique ? ? ? Facial nerve, posterior auricular nerve ? ? 2 1
Muscle of terminal notch[2] ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 1
stapedius head, ear, inner ear (left/right) tip of pyramid of middle ear neck of stapes stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery nerve to the stapedius from facial nerve [CNVII] reduces movement of stapes, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear 2 1
tensor tympani Eustachian tube handle of malleus superior tympanic artery medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3] tenses tympanic membrane, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear 2 1
procerus head, nose (left/right) fascia over lower part of nasal bone skin of lower part of forehead between eyebrows facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch draws down medial angle of eyebrow (giving expressions of frowning) 2 1
depressor septi nasi incisive fossa of maxilla nasal septum and back part of alar part of nasalis superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch depresses nasal septum 2 1
levator nasolabialis (levator labii superioris alaeque nasi) frontal process of maxilla nostril and upper lip superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch dilates nostril, elevates upper lip, elevates wing of nose 2 1
nasalis, transverse part head, nose, nasalis, transverse part (left/right) alveolar yoke of canine tooth lateral nasal cartilage superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch compresses nostrils 2 2
nasalis, alar part head, nose, nasalis, alar part (left/right) alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, greater and lesser alar cartilages skin near margin of nostril superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch dilates nostrils 2 2
levator anguli oris head, mouth (left/right) maxilla modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII] elevates angle of mouth (smile) depressor anguli oris 2 1
depressor anguli oris tubercle of mandible modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular branch depresses angle of mouth (frown) levator anguli oris 2 1
transversus menti continuation of depressor anguli oris muscles other side of depressor anguli oris muscles facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular branch or buccal branch depresses angle of mouth (frown) levator anguli oris 0.6[3] 1
levator labii superioris medial part of infra-orbital margin of maxilla skin and muscle of upper lip (labii superioris) superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch elevates upper lip 2 1
depressor labii inferioris oblique line of mandible, between symphysis and mental foramen integument of lower lip, orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of opposite side inferior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], marginal mandibular branch depresses lower lip 2 1
mentalis alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on anterior mandible skin of chin inferior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], marginal mandibular branch elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip 2 1
bucinator (buccinator) alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe fibres of orbicularis oris buccal artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication 2 1
orbicularis oris, marginal part maxilla and mandible skin around lips superior labial artery, inferior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch puckers lips 2 2
orbicularis oris, labial part maxilla and mandible skin around lips superior labial artery, inferior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch puckers lips 2 2
risorius parotid fascia modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch draw back angle of mouth 2 1
zygomaticus major zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch draws angle of mouth upward and laterally 2 1
zygomaticus minor zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture skin of upper lip facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch elevates upper lip 2 1
masseter, superficial part head, coronal plane (left/right) anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible masseteric artery masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3] elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth) platysma 2 2
masseter, deep part anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible masseteric artery masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3] elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth) platysma 2 2
temporalis temporal lines on parietal bone of skull coronoid process of mandible deep temporal arteries deep temporal nerves from mandibular nerve [CNV3] elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth) platysma 2 1
pterygoid, lateral greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid process condyloid process of mandible maxillary artery, pterygoid branches external pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3] depresses mandible (opens mouth) masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid 2 1
pterygoideus proprius[4] ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 1
pterygoid, medial medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth (deep head); pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity (superficial head) medial angle of mandible maxillary artery, pterygoid branches mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side 2 1
genioglossus, inferior fibers head, tongue (left/right) superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid lingual artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] protrudes tongue 2 3
genioglossus, middle fibers superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid lingual artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] depresses tongue 2 3
genioglossus, superior fibers superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid lingual artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] draws tip of tongue back and down 2 3
hyoglossus (ceratoglossus) hyoid side of tongue hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] depresses tongue 2 1
chondroglossus lesser cornu and body of hyoid bone intrinsic muscular fibers of tongue hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus) 2 1
styloglossus styloid process of temporal bone tongue lingual artery, sublingual branch hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] elevates and retracts tongue inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus 2 1
palatoglossus head, tongue and soft palate (left/right) palatine aponeurosis tongue vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus and accessory nerve [CNXI] raises back part of tongue, aiding in breathing 2 1
superior longitudinal lingual head, tongue (left/right) close to epiglottis, from median fibrous septum edges of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] shortens tongue, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward 2 1
transversus linguae median fibrous septum sides of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] narrows tongue with no elongation 2 1
inferior longitudinal lingual root of tongue apex of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] shortens tongue, retracts, pulls tip downward 2 1
verticalis linguae dorsum of tongue inferior surface borders of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] 2 1
tensor veli palatini head, soft palate (left/right) medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone palatine aponeurosis mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve tenses soft palate, aids in swallowing ? 2 1
levator veli palatini temporal bone, Eustachian tube palatine aponeurosis facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus elevates soft palate ? 2 1
palatopharyngeus palatine aponeurosis and hard palate upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers) facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal branch aids in breathing by pulling pharynx and larynx 2 1
uvulae hard palate soft tissue of uvula vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal branch moves and changes shape of uvula 2 1
stylopharyngeus head, pharynx (left/right) styloid process of temporal bone thyroid cartilage (pharynx) ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches glossopharyngeal nerve [CNIX] elevates larynx, elevates pharynx, swallowing 2 1
salpingopharyngeus cartilage of Eustachian tube posterior fasciculus of pharyngopalatinus vagus nerve [CNX], accessory nerve [CNXI] raises nasopharynx 2 1
pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, thyropharyngeal part cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage pharyngeal raphe ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve swallowing 2 2
pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, cricopharyngeal part cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage pharyngeal raphe ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve swallowing 2 2
pharyngeal constrictor, middle, chondropharyngeal part hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2 2
pharyngeal constrictor, middle, ceratopharyngeal part hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2 2
pharyngeal constrictor, superior, pterygopharyngeal part medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2 4
pharyngeal constrictor, superior, buccopharyngeal part medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2 4
pharyngeal constrictor, superior, mylopharyngeal part medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2 4
pharyngeal constrictor, superior, glossopharyngeal part medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2 4
cricothyroid, straight part head, larynx (left/right) anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect) 2 1
cricothyroid, oblique part anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect) 2 1
arytenoid, transverse arytenoid cartilage on one side arytenoid cartilage on opposite side superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis) 2 1
arytenoid, oblique arytenoid cartilage on one side arytenoid cartilage on opposite side superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis) 2 1
arytenoid, oblique, aryepiglottic part apex of arytenoid lateral border of epiglottis laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery vagus nerve [CNX], inferior laryngeal nerve closes the laryngeal inlet ? 2 0
vocalis inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech 2 1
thyroarytenoid, thyroepiglottic part inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech 2 1
thyroarytenoid, external part inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech 2 1
cricoarytenoid, posterior posterior part of cricoid cartilage muscular process of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve abducts and laterally rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments away from midline and forward and so opening rima glottidis lateral cricoarytenoid 2 1
cricoarytenoid, lateral lateral part of arch of cricoid cartilage muscular process of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve adducts and medially rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and so closing rima glottidis posterior cricoarytenoid 2 1
ceratocricoideus[5][6] ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 1
platysma Neck, Clavicular, Right, left base of mandible inferior clavicle and fascia of chest branches of submental artery, branches of suprascapular artery cervical branch of facial nerve [CNVII] tenses skin of neck masseter, temporalis 2 1
sternocleidomastoid manubrium sterni (sternal head), medial portion of clavicle (clavicular head) mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line occipital artery, superior thyroid artery motor: accessory nerve
sensory: cervical plexus
tilts head to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side, flexes neck, raises sternum, assists in forced inspiration ?? 2 1
digastric, anterior belly Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left digastric fossa (mandible) intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone) submental branch of facial artery mandibular nerve [CNV3] via mylohyoid nerve opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed ?? 2 2
digastric, posterior belly mastoid process of temporal bone intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone) occipital artery facial nerve [CNVII] opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed ?? 2 2
stylohyoid styloid process of temporal bone greater horn of hyoid bone occipital artery facial nerve [CNVII] elevates hyoid during swallowing ?? 2 1
mylohyoid mylohyoid line of mandible pharyngeal raphe mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [CNV3] raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible ?? 2 1
geniohyoid mandibular symphysis anterior surface of body of hyoid bone C1 via hypoglossal nerve elevates hyoid and tongue upward during swallowing ?? 2 1
sternohyoid Neck,Infrahyoid, Right/left sternum, manubrium hyoid bone superior thyroid artery ansa cervicalis depresses hyoid ?? 2 1
sternothyroid sternum, manubrium thyroid cartilage superior thyroid artery ansa cervicalis depresses larynx, may slightly depress hyoid ?? 2 1
thyrohyoid thyroid cartilage hyoid bone superior thyroid artery C1 depress hyoid ?? 2 1
omohyoid, superior belly upper border of scapula hyoid bone inferior thyroid artery ansa cervicalis depresses larynx, depresses and moves to side hyoid ?? 2 2
omohyoid, inferior belly upper border of scapula hyoid bone inferior thyroid artery ansa cervicalis depresses larynx, depresses and moves to side hyoid ?? 2 2
levator glandulae thyroideae thyrohyoid muscle thyroid isthmus ? ansa cervicalis ? ? 0 1
longus colli Neck, Anterior transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6 anterior arch of atlas ascending pharyngeal artery, vertebral artery C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 flexes neck and head ?? 2 1
longus capitis anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6 basilar part of occipital bone ?? C1, C2, C3/C4 flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint ?? 2 1
rectus capitis, anterior atlas occipital bone ?? C1 flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint ?? 2 1
rectus capitis, lateralis Neck, Anterior/Lateral, Right/left upper surface of transverse process of atlas (C1) under surface of jugular process of occipital bone ?? C1 laterally flexes neck, stabilises sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint ?? 2 1
scalenus anterior Neck, Lateral, Right/left cervical vertebrae C3-C6 first rib inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery ventral ramus of C5, C6 when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in breathing; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side ?? 2 1
scalenus medius cervical vertebrae C2-C6 first rib inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves elevates first rib, rotates neck to opposite side ?? 2 1
scalenus posterior cervical vertebrae C4 – C6, transverse processes second rib ascending cervical artery and superficial cervical artery C6, C7, C8 elevates second rib, tilts neck to same side ?? 2 1
scalenus minimus cervical vertebrae C7 first rib superficial cervical artery C7, C8 elevates first rib ?? 0 1
levator scapulae Neck/Upper Limb, Verterbral Column, Lateral, Right/left posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1C4 vertebrae superior part of medial border of scapula dorsal scapular artery cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula serratus anterior 2 1
obliquus capitis, superior Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left lateral mass of atlas lateral half of inferior nuchal line ?? suboccipital nerve flexes head to same side ?? 2 1
obliquus capitis, inferior spinous process of axis lateral mass of atlas ?? suboccipital nerve rotates neck ?? 2 1
rectus capitis, posterior minor Neck, Posterior tubercle on posterior arch of atlas (C1) medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone and surface between it and foramen magnum ?? a branch of dorsal primary division of suboccipital nerve sensory organ for neck position, also extends head at neck ?? 2 1
rectus capitis, posterior major spinous process of axis (C2) inferior nucheal line of occipital bone occipital artery dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) rotates and extends head to same side ?? 2 1
rectus abdominis Torso, Abdomen, right/left pubic symphysis, pubic crest xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 inferior epigastric artery, superior epigastric artery; contributions from posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and deep circumflex arteries intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve flexes trunk, compresses abdominal organs, aids in expiration erector spinae 2 1
external abdominal oblique external surfaces of ribs 5-12 linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, deep circumflex iliac artery motor: intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve sensory: iliohypogastric nerve flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs 2 1
internal abdominal oblique anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar fascia inferior borders of ribs 10–12, pubic crest lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs 2 1
cremaster Torso, Abdomen, inguinal canal and scrotum Internal oblique Tunica vaginalis Cremasteric artery Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve raise and lower the scrotum (involuntary) ? 0-1(M) 1
transversus abdominis Torso, Abdomen, right/left internal surface of costal cartilage of ribs 7–12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle, pubic crest lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries intercostal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve rotates trunk to same side, compresses abdominal organs, expiration 2 1
pyramidalis pubic symphysis, pubic crest linea alba inferior epigastric artery subcostal nerve tenses linea alba 2 1
quadratus lumborum iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of L1-L4 lumbar, median sacral, iliolumbar, subcostal arteries subcostal nerve, anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4 flexes trunk to same side, fixes rib 12 during inspiration, extends trunk 2 1
iliocostalis colli Torso, Back, right/left sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes ribs lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
iliocostalis lumborum sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes The lower six or seven ribs lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
iliocostalis thoracis sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes(the lower six ribs) upper six ribs and the transverse process of CVII lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
longissimus capitis Torso/Neck, Back, right/left articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5 posterior margin of mastoid process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column, flexes head and neck to same side rectus abdominis 2 1
longissimus colli Torso, Back, right/left transverse process transverse process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
longissimus thoracis transverse process transverse process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
longissimus thoracis, lumbar part transverse process transverse process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 0
spinalis capitis spinous process spinous process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
spinalis colli spinous process spinous process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
spinalis thoracis spinous process spinous process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2 1
latissimus dorsi Torso/Upper Limb, Back, Vertebral column, right/left spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs floor of intertubercular groove of humerus subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve(C6 to C8) pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally(Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus) deltoid, trapezius 2 1
semispinalis thoracis Torso, Back, right/left transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/rotates vertebral column 2 1
semispinalis colli (cervicis) transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae spinous processes, cervical, from axis to fifth posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/rotates vertebral column 2 1
semispinalis capitis Torso/Neck, Back, right/left articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7 spinous process, occipital bone, area between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line greater occipital nerve extends head 2 1
multifidus lumborum Torso, Back, right/left sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest spinous process posterior branch of spinal nerve stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column 2 1
multifidus thoracis sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest spinous process posterior branch of spinal nerve stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column 2 1
multifidus colli sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest spinous process posterior branch of spinal nerve stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column 2 1
rotatores, long 1-11 Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left transverse process spinous process spinous process posterior branch 22 1
rotatores, short 1-11 transverse process spinous process spinous process posterior branch 22 1
rotatores lumborum Torso, Back, right/left transverse process spinous process spinous process posterior branch 0 1
rotatores colli transverse process spinous process spinous process posterior branch 0 1
interspinales lumborum 1-4 spinous process spinous process posterior rami of spinal nerves extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column 8 1
interspinales thoracis 1-3 spinous process spinous process posterior rami of spinal nerves extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column 6 1
interspinales colli 1-6 spinous process spinous process posterior rami of spinal nerves extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column 12 1
intertransversarii, anterior colli 1-7 transverse process transverse process above posterior rami of spinal nerves laterally flexes trunk 14 1
intertransversarii, lateral posterior colli 1-7 transverse process transverse process above posterior rami of spinal nerves laterally flexes trunk 14 1
intertransversarii, medial posterior colli 1-7 transverse process transverse process above posterior rami of spinal nerves laterally flexes trunk 14 1
intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, dorsal parts 1-5 transverse process transverse process above posterior rami of spinal nerves laterally flexes trunk 10 2
intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, ventral parts 1-5 transverse process transverse process above posterior rami of spinal nerves laterally flexes trunk 10 2
intertransversarii, medial lumborum 1-5 transverse process transverse process above posterior rami of spinal nerves laterally flexes trunk 10 1
intertransversarii, thoracis 1-9 transverse process transverse process above posterior rami of spinal nerves laterally flexes trunk 18 1
splenius capitis Torso/Neck, Back, right/left nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T6 mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone ?? C3, C4 extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head 2 1
splenius colli Torso, Back, right/left spinous processes of T3-T6 transverse processes of C1, C2, C3 C5, C6 2 1
external intercostal 1-11 Torso, Chest (left/right) inferior border of rib (above) superior border of rib (below) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves inhalation internal 22 1
internal intercostal 1-11 inferior border of rib (above) superior border of rib (below) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves holds ribs steady external 22 1
innermost intercostal 1-11 inferior border of rib (above) superior border of rib (below) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves elevates ribs, expiration 22 1
subcostales 1-n inner surface of one rib inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle intercostal arteries intercostal nerves 11[7] 1
transversus thoracis costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process ribs/costal cartilages 2–6 intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depresses ribs 2 1
levatores costarum, longi 1-4 transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae dorsal ramiC8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage 8 1
levatores costarum, breves 1-12 transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae dorsal ramiC8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage 24 1
serratus posterior inferior vertebrae T11L3 inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depresses lower ribs(IX to XII), aiding in expiration 2 1
serratus posterior superior nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3 upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs intercostal arteries 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves elevates ribs(II to V), aiding in inspiration 2 1
hemidiaphragm, lumbar/costal/sternal part septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds, inner abdominal wall pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries phrenic and lower intercostal nerves breathing 2 1
coccygeus Torso, Pelvis sacrospinous ligament coccyx sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4 closes back part of pelvic outlet 2 1
iliococcygeus Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani ischial spine, posterior part of tendinous arch of pelvic fascia coccyx and anococcygeal raphe inferior gluteal artery levator ani nerve (S4) supports organs in pelvic cavity 2 1
pubococcygeus back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia coccyx and sacrum inferior gluteal artery levator ani nerve (S4) controls urine flow, contracts during orgasm 2 1
puboanalis (puborectalis) lower part of pubic symphysis - inferior gluteal artery S3, S4. levator ani nerve inhibits defecation 2 1
puboperinealis ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 1
puboprostaticus (males) / pubovaginalis (females) ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 1
external anal sphincter, subcutaneous, superficial, and deep parts Torso, Perineum - - inferior rectal artery S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve keeps anal canal and anus closed, aids in expulsion of feces - 1 1
superficial transverse perineal Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch anterior surface of ischial tuberosity central point of perineum perineal artery pudendal nerve constricts urethra (maintains urinary continence), constricts vagina (women) 2 1
bulbospongiosus perineal raphe - perineal artery pudendal nerve empties urethra (men), clenches vagina (women) 2 1
ischiocavernosus ischial tuberosity crus of penis (men), crus of clitoris (women) perineal artery pudendal nerve assists bulbospongiosus 2 1
Deep transverse perineal Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch inferior ramus of ischium its fellow of opposite side pudendal nerve constricts urethra (maintains urinary continence), constricts vagina (women) 0-2(M) 1
compressor urethrae ? ? ? ? ? ? 0-1(F) 1
sphincter urethrovaginalis ? ? ? ? ? ? 0-1(F) 1
external urethral sphincter junction of inferior rami of pubis and ischium about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia its fellow of opposite side perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) constricts urethra, maintains urinary continence 2 1
trapezius, descending part Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula transverse cervical artery motor: accessory nerve [CNXI]

sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4

retracts and assists in rotating scapula(lower fibers depress scapula, upper fibers elevate it and middle fibers adduct ) serratus anterior 2 3
trapezius, transverse part down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula transverse cervical artery motor: accessory nerve [CNXI]

sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4

retracts and elevates scapula serratus anterior 2 3
trapezius, ascending part down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula transverse cervical artery motor: accessory nerve [CNXI]

sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4

retracts and elevates scapula serratus anterior 2 3
transversus nuchae ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 1
rhomboid major Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall serratus anterior 2 1
rhomboid minor nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) retracts (adducts) scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall serratus anterior 2 1
sternalis Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? manubrium of sternum or clavicle xiphoid process, pectoral fascia, lower ribs, costal cartilages or rectus sheath ? various ? ? 0 1
pectoralis major clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages intertubercular groove of humerus pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve clavicular head: C5 and C6 sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1 adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head: flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus 2 1
pectoralis major, abdominal part clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve clavicular head: C5 and C6 sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1 adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head: flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus 0 0
pectoralis minor 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall 2 1
subclavius first rib subclavian groove of clavicle thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch subclavian nerve depresses clavicle 2 1
serratus anterior fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs costal surface of medial margin of scapula lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7) protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius 2 1
deltoid, clavicular/acromial/scapular spinal parts Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula deltoid tuberosity of humerus primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery axillary nerve abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder latissimus dorsi 2 1
teres major posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6) internally rotates humerus 2 1
supraspinatus Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left supraspinous fossa of scapula superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus suprascapular artery suprascapular nerve abducts and stabilises humerus infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi 2 1
infraspinatus infraspinous fossa of scapula middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery suprascapular nerve laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi 2 1
teres minor lateral border of scapula inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery axillary nerve laterally rotates and adducts humerus subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi 2 1
subscapularis subscapular fossa of scapula lesser tubercle of humerus subscapular artery upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6) medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder infraspinatus, teres minor 2 1
coracobrachialis Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left coracoid process of scapula medial surface of humerus brachial artery musculocutaneous nerve flexes and adducts shoulder 2 1
biceps brachii short head: coracoid process of scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis brachial artery musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord: C5, C6, C7) flexes elbow, supinates forearm triceps brachii 2 1
brachialis anterior surface of humerus (mainly distal half) coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna radial recurrent artery musculocutaneous nerve flexes elbow triceps brachii 2 1
triceps brachii Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior humerus (above radial sulcus)
medial head: posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus)
olecranon of ulna deep artery of arm radial nerve extends forearm, adducts shoulder (long head).

medial head does not function at shoulder.

biceps brachii, brachialis 2 1
articularis cubiti deep distal surface of medial head of triceps posterior capsule of elbow joint deep artery of arm radial nerve lifts capsule away from joint ? 2 1
anconeus lateral epicondyle of humerus lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna deep artery of arm, interosseous recurrent artery radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1) partly blended with triceps, extends forearm, stabilises elbow, abducts ulna during pronation 2 1
pronator teres Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
pronator tuberosity of radius ulnar artery, radial artery median nerve pronates forearm, flexes elbow supinator 2 1
flexor carpi radialis medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) bases of second metacarpal, base of third metacarpal radial artery median nerve flexes and abducts wrist extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus 2 1
palmaris longus medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) palmar aponeurosis ulnar artery median nerve flexes wrist extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris 2 1
flexor carpi ulnaris medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) pisiform, hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal ulnar artery muscular branches of ulnar nerve flexes and adducts wrist extensor carpi ulnaris 2 1
flexor digitorum superficialis medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), parts of radius and ulna bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5 ulnar artery median nerve flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints) extensor digitorum 2 1
pronator quadratus medial anterior surface of ulna lateral anterior surface of radius anterior interosseous artery anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) weakly pronates forearm supinator 2 1
flexor digitorum profundus ulna distal phalanges anterior interosseous artery lateral belly: anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)

medial belly: muscular branches of ulnar nerve

flexes wrist, flexes interphalangeal joints extensor digitorum 2 1
flexor pollicis longus middle half of volar surface of radius, interosseus membrane base of distal phalanx of thumb anterior interosseous artery anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) (C8, T1) flexes thumb extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis 2 1
extensor digitorum Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) 2nd–5th phalanges posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends hand, extends fingers flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus 2 1
extensor digiti minimi anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) extensor expansion, located at base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends little finger at all joints flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand) 2 1
extensor carpi ulnaris lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), ulna 5th metacarpal ulnar artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends and adducts wrist flexor carpi ulnaris 2 1
brachioradialis Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus radial styloid process (distal radius) radial recurrent artery radial nerve flexes forearm, pronates forearm when supine, supinates forearm when prone 2 1
extensor carpi radialis longus lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus 2nd metacarpal radial artery radial nerve extends wrist joint, abducts hand at wrist flexor carpi radialis 2 1
extensor carpi radialis brevis anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) base of 3rd metacarpal radial artery posterior interosseus nerve extends wrist joint, abducts hand at wrist flexor carpi radialis 2 1
supinator Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament lateral proximal shaft of radius radial recurrent artery posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8) supinates forearm pronator teres, pronator quadratus 2 1
extensor indicis ulna index finger (extensor hood) posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8) extends index finger, wrist 2 1
abductor pollicis longus Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left ulna first metacarpal posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) abducts and extends thumb adductor pollicis 2 1
extensor pollicis brevis radius, interosseous membrane of forearm proximal phalanx of thumb posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis 2 1
extensor pollicis longus ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm distal phalanx of thumb posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal) flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis 2 1
opponens pollicis Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar trapezium, transverse carpal ligament metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side superficial palmar arch median nerve opposes thumb 2 1
flexor pollicis brevis trapezoid, flexor retinaculum thumb, proximal phalanx superficial palmar arch median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) flexes thumb extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis 2 1
abductor pollicis brevis flexor retinaculum of hand, scaphoid and trapezium radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and thumb extensors superficial palmar arch median nerve abducts thumb adductor pollicis 2 1
adductor pollicis transverse head: anterior body of third metacarpal
oblique head: bases of second and third metacarpals and adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb and ulnar sesamoid deep palmar arch deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis 2 1
palmaris brevis Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis palm palmar metacarpal artery superficial branch of ulnar nerve wrinkle skin of palm 2 1
abductor digiti minimi (hand) Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar pisiform base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit on ulnar or medial side ulnar artery deep branch of ulnar nerve abducts little finger 2 1
flexor digiti minimi (hand) hamate bone little finger ulnar artery deep branch of ulnar nerve flexes little finger extensor digiti minimi 2 1
opponens digiti minimi (hand) hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum medial border of 5th metacarpal ulnar artery deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb 2 1
lumbricals of the hand 1-4 Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate flexor digitorum profundus extensor expansion superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints 8 1
dorsal interossei (hand) 1-4 metacarpals proximal phalanges dorsal metacarpal artery, palmar metacarpal artery deep branch of ulnar nerve abduct fingers palmar interossei 8 1
palmar interossei 1-3 metacarpals proximal phalanges palmar metacarpal artery deep branch of ulnar nerve adduct fingers dorsal interossei 6 1
pollical palmar interosseus metacarpals proximal phalanges palmar metacarpal artery deep branch of ulnar nerve adduct fingers dorsal interossei 1.6 1
psoas major Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas transverse processes, bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5 vertebrae lesser trochanter of femur iliolumbar artery lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3[8] flexes and rotates laterally thigh gluteus maximus 2 1
psoas minor side of T11+L1 and IV intervertebral disc Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence iliolumbar artery, lumbar arteries L1 weakly flexes trunk flexor gluteus maximus 0.8 1
iliacus iliac fossa lesser trochanter of femur medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery femoral nerve (L2, L3[8]) flexes hip[9] gluteus maximus 2 1
tensor fasciae latae Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right iliac crest iliotibial tract primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5) flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh, stabilises torso 2 1
gluteus maximus Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots) externally rotates and extends hip joint, supports extended knee through iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor 2 1
gluteus medius gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus greater trochanter of femur superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) abduction of hip; preventing adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh lateral rotator group 2 1
gluteus minimus gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius greater trochanter of femur superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) abduction of hip; preventing adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh lateral rotator group 2 1
piriformis Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right sacrum greater trochanter inferior gluteal artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal artery piriformis nerve (S1 and S2 nerve roots)[10] laterally rotates (outward) thigh 2 1
obturator externus obturator foramen and obturatory membrane medial surface of greater trochanter of femur obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4) adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh 2 1
superior gemellus ischial spine nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2) 2 1
obturator internus ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane medial surface of greater trochanter of femur nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2) abducts & rotates laterally thigh, stabilises hip during walking 2 1
inferior gemellus ischial tuberosity obturator internus tendon nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1) laterally rotates thigh 2 1
quadratus femoris ischial tuberosity intertrochanteric crest inferior gluteal artery nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1) 2 1
articularis genus Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment femur suprapatellar bursa femoral artery femoral nerve pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of knee 2 1
sartorius superior to anterior superior iliac spine medial side of upper tibia in pes anserinus femoral artery femoral nerve flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg 2 1
rectus femoris anterior inferior iliac spine and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of acetabulum patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon femoral artery femoral nerve knee extension; hip flexion hamstring 2 1
vastus lateralis greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of femur patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon femoral artery femoral nerve extends knee hamstring 2 1
vastus intermedius anterior surface of femur patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon femoral artery femoral nerve extends knee hamstring 2 1
vastus medialis anteromedial surface of femur patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon femoral artery femoral nerve extends knee hamstring 2 1
biceps femoris Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera of femur (short head)[11] head of fibula[11] articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery medial (tibial) part of sciatic nerve (long head), lateral (common fibular) part of sciatic nerve (short head)[11] flexes knee joint, laterally rotates leg at knee (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only)[11] quadriceps femoris 2 1
semitendinosus ischial tuberosity[11] pes anserinus inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries sciatic nerve[11] (tibial, L5, S1, S2) flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg at knee[11] quadriceps femoris 2 1
semimembranosus ischial tuberosity[11] medial surface of tibia[11] profunda femoris, gluteal artery sciatic nerve[11] flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg at knee[11] quadriceps femoris 2 1
gracilis Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) inferior pubic ramus[12] tibia (pes anserinus) obturator artery anterior branch of obturator nerve[12] adducts hip, flexes hip, medially rotates knee[12] gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2 1
pectineus superior pubic ramus[12] lesser trochanter, linea aspera obturator artery femoral nerve and obturator nerve (medial compartment)[12] adducts and flexes hip[12] gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2 1
adductor brevis anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus[12] lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur obturator artery anterior branch of obturator nerve[12] adducts hip[12] gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2 1
adductor longus pubic body just below pubic crest middle third of linea aspera obturator artery anterior branch of obturator nerve[12] adducts and medially rotates hip[12] gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2 1
adductor magnus, adductor part pubis[12] femur, adductor tubercle of femur obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)[12] adducts hip[12] gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2 3
adductor minimus Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles), part of adductor magnus Inferior ramus Linea aspera of the femur Obturator artery and the medial circumflex femoral artery of the femoral artery. Obturator and tibial nerves Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2 3
adductor magnus, ischiocondylar part Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) pubis[12] femur, adductor tubercle of femur obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)[12] adducts hip[12] gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2 3
tibialis anterior Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment body of tibia medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve dorsiflexes and inverts foot fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior 2 1
extensor hallucis longus middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, anterior surface of interosseous membrane dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve extends big toe, assists in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, weakly inverts foot flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis 2 1
extensor digitorum longus lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of interosseous membrane middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve extension of toes and ankle flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis 2 1
fibularis tertius distal anterior surface of fibula dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve dorsi flexes and everts foot 2 1
gastrocnemius Lower Limb, Leg, Calf medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur calcaneus sural arteries tibial nerve from sciatic nerve, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2 plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee (minor) tibialis anterior 2 1
soleus fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line) tendo calcaneus sural arteries tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2 plantarflexes ankle tibialis anterior 2 1
plantaris Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon) sural arteries tibial nerve plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee tibialis anterior 2 1
popliteus Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle posterior tibia under tibial condyles popliteal artery tibial nerve medially rotates and flexes knee 2 1
flexor hallucis longus Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula base of distal phalanx of hallux fibular artery (peroneal branch of posterior tibial artery tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots flexes all joints of big toe, plantarflexes ankle extensor hallucis longus 2 1
flexor digitorum longus medial tibia distal phalanges of lateral four digits posterior tibial artery tibial nerve flexes toes extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis 2 1
tibialis posterior tibia, fibula navicular, medial cuneiform posterior tibial artery tibial nerve inverts foot, plantarflexes foot at ankle tibialis anterior 2 1
fibularis longus Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment fibula first metatarsal, medial cuneiform fibular artery superficial fibular nerve plantarflexes and everts ankle tibialis anterior 2 1
fibularis brevis fibula fifth metatarsal fibular artery superficial fibular nerve plantarflexes and everts ankle tibialis posterior 2 1
extensor digitorum brevis Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right calcaneus toes deep fibular nerve extends digits 2, 3, and 4 flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis 2 1
extensor hallucis brevis calcaneus base of proximal phalanx of big toe deep fibular nerve extends big toe flexor hallucis brevis 2 1
dorsal interossei (foot) 1-4 Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal / Fourth layer, left/right metatarsals proximal phalanges lateral plantar nerve(fourth interosseous space: superficial branch others: deep branch), first and second interossei: lateral branch of deep fibular nerve abducts toes plantar interossei 8 1
abductor hallucis Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit medial plantar nerve abducts hallux adductor hallucis 2 1
flexor digitorum brevis medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa middle phalanges of digits 2–5 medial plantar nerve flexes lateral four toes extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis 2 1
abductor digiti minimi (foot) plantar aponeurosis phalanges of fifth toe lateral plantar artery lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) flexes and abducts fifth toe flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) 2 1
Abductor of fifth metatarsal abductor ossis metatarsi quinti (foot) calcaneus fifth toe lateral plantar artery lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) abducts fifth toe flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) 0 1
quadratus plantae Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right calcaneus tendons of flexor digitorum longus lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) flexes distal interphalangeal joints (assists flexor digitorum longus) 2 1
lumbricals of the foot 1-4 tendons of flexor digitorum longus medial surface of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, four plantar metatarsal arteries lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical) maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints 8 1
flexor hallucis brevis Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right plantar surface of cuneiforms, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament medial head: medial sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe

lateral head: lateral sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe

medial plantar nerve flexes big toe extensor hallucis longus 2 1
adductor hallucis oblique head: proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals

transverse head: metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral 3 toes

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe, sesamoid lateral plantar nerve adducts big toe abductor hallucis 2 1
flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) fifth metatarsal bone phalanx of fifth toe lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch) extends and adducts fifth toe abductor digiti minimi 2 1
opponens digiti minimi muscle of foot (opponens digiti quinti) Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right ? middle phalanges of digit 5 ? ? ? 0 1
plantar interossei 1-3 Lower limb, plantar, Fourth layer, left/right tendons of plantar Interossei proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes plantar arch, dorsal metatarsal artery lateral plantar nerve adducts toes 3 - 5, strengthens transverse arch dorsal interossei 6 1


شرح وملخص الجدول

The muscles are described using anatomical terminology. The columns are as follows:

الاسم الشرح
العضلة US English[أ] name of the muscle per Terminologia Anatomica (TA),[13] minus the term "muscle", with the words reordered occasionally for better sorting. Parts and bellies are listed out as separate rows, as they are sometimes considered separate muscles. - Anything denoting the muscles relationship to another muscle such as e.g. superior, inferior etc. should always be used as a suffix and not a prefix, to create better sortability of the list.
المكان The location of the muscle in a standard human body. The location first specifies a group such as head, neck, torso, upper limbs, or lower limbs, then may have more specific information. However this additional information must be describing location not function.
الأصل The bone or other structure the muscle is attached to that remains immobile during the action. The term "bone" is omitted from bone names.
Insertion The attachment point of the muscle, on a bone or otherwise, that moves during the action.
Artery The artery which supplies the muscle with blood. The term "artery" is included to avoid confusing columns.
Nerve The nerve(s) which tell the muscle to act (innervates the muscle). The term "nerve" is included for clarity.
Action The movement performed by the muscle from the standard anatomical position. In other positions, other actions may be performed.
Antagonist The muscle which can 'cancel' or to some degree reverse the action of the muscle. Muscle synergies are noted in parentheses when relevant.
O (Occurrences) Number of times that the named muscle row occurs in a standard human body. Here it may also be denoted when a given muscles only occurs in a male or a female body. By (F) for female and (M) for male, if nothing is denoted. The muscle can be assumed to occur in both genders. This gender denomination should always be behind the number, not in front of it.
TA The number of rows in the table for the relevant Terminologia Anatomica muscle. For example, TA splits the nasalis muscle into transverse and alar parts, so their TA column entries are 2.

For Origin, Insertion and Action please name a specefic Rib, Thoracic vertebrae or Cervical vertebrae, by using C1-7, T1-12 or R1-12.

ملخص بالأرقام

There does not appear to be a definitive source counting all skeletal muscles. Different sources group muscles differently, regarding what is defined as different parts of a single muscle or as several muscles. There are also vestigial muscles that are present in some people but absent in others, such as the palmaris longus muscle.[14][15] There are between 600 and 840 muscles within the typical human body, depending on how they are counted.[16][17][18] In the present table, using statistical counts of the instances of each muscle, and ignoring gender-specific muscles, there are 761 skeletal muscles. Sometimes male and females have the same muscle but with different purposes[19]

أرقام مبنية على القائمة أعلاه:

العدد الإجمالي
Types of skeletal muscles - in a standard human 2023 | Male / Female[20] ??(M) / ??(F)
Total number of skeletal muscles - in a standard human 2023 | Male / Female ??(M) / ??(F)
Types of skeletal muscles - Non gender specefic - listed ??
Total number of skeletal muscles - Non gender specefic - listed 761
Types of skeletal muscles - Gender specefic - listed 4?
Total number of skeletal muscles - Gender specefic - listed 8?
Types of skeletal muscles listed 290
Total number of skeletal muscles represented in table (inclusive) 791
Total Number of entries in Terminologia Anatomica represented in table 337
Muscles listed which do not appear in a standard human 2023(gender specefic muscles that appear in a standard male or female are not couted here) 18

Agonistic and Antagonistic Relationships

Muscles are often paired as agonistic and antagonistic muscles.[21] This can be a bit misleading as, in general, it is groups of muscles working together to either make or cancel a movement.[22] The present table lists some well-known relationships but is not at all complete.

استعراض التعصيب

Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle Innervation
Mind Map Showing a summary of Lower Limb Muscle innervation
An attempt of a map the muscles in our list of skeletal muscles graphically based on location, showing variations and parts of the same muscle as well as number of standard occuranes in the human body

انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ The UK English names differ mainly by the addition of dashes, which are less common in practice.

المراجع

  1. ^ Pessino, Kenneth; Patel, Jay; Patel, Bhupendra C. (2023), Anatomy, Head and Neck; Frontalis Muscle, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32491684, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557752/, retrieved on 2023-07-02 
  2. ^ "Muscle of terminal notch - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS". www.imaios.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  3. ^ Weaver, C (February 1978). "Frequency of occurrence of the transversus menti muscle". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 61 (2): 231–3. doi:10.1097/00006534-197802000-00013. PMID 622414. S2CID 27905510.
  4. ^ Barker, B. C. (October 1981). "The pterygoideus proprius muscle". Australian Dental Journal. 26 (5): 309–310. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1981.tb05228.x. ISSN 0045-0421. PMID 6949532.
  5. ^ Maranillo, Eva; Vázquez, Teresa; Mirapeix, Rosa; León, Xavier; McHanwell, Stephen; Quer, Miquel; Sañudo, José Ramón (May 2009). "Ceratocricoid muscle: an embryological and anatomical study". Clinical Anatomy. 22 (4): 463–470. doi:10.1002/ca.20795. ISSN 1098-2353. PMID 19306315. S2CID 35995462.
  6. ^ "Ceratocricoid muscle - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS". www.imaios.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  7. ^ Kim, Jun-Ho; Won, Hyung-Sun; Chung, In-Hyuk; Kim, In-Beom (November 2015). "The enigmatic subcostal muscle: Anatomical study with application to spine and chest pain syndromes and avoidance of confusion on imaging: Morphology and Morphometry of the Subcostal Muscle". Clinical Anatomy. 28 (8): 1017–1021. doi:10.1002/ca.22631. PMID 26384842. S2CID 42512626.
  8. ^ أ ب Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 193
  9. ^ Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human Anatomy Color Atlas and Text Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page 200
  10. ^ Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217
  11. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز Gosling 2008, p. 273
  12. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
  13. ^ FIPAT (2019). "Terminologia Anatomica" (PDF) (2nd ed.). Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology.
  14. ^ de las Peñas, César Fernández; Ge, Hong-You; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Dommerholt, Jan; Simons, David G. (2011). "Chapter 32 - Referred pain from muscle/myofascial trigger points". Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 404–418. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-3528-9.00032-7. ISBN 978-0-7020-3528-9.
  15. ^ Sarnat, Harvey B.; Carpenter, Stirling (2015). "Chapter 4 - Muscle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Neuromuscular and Metabolic Diseases". Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 46–65. ISBN 978-0-12-417044-5.
  16. ^ Science Reference Section (19 November 2019). "What is the strongest muscle in the human body?". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  17. ^ Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01). "Current topics for teaching skeletal muscle physiology". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1–4): 171–182. doi:10.1152/advan.2003.27.4.171. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 14627615. S2CID 14267377.
  18. ^ John., Stewart, Gregory (2009). "Chapter 8: Skeletal muscles". The skeletal and muscular systems. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 9781604133653. OCLC 277118444.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Glenmark, Birgitta; Nilsson, Maria; Gao, Hui; Gustafsson, Jan-Åke; Dahlman-Wright, Karin; Westerblad, Håkan (December 2004). "Difference in skeletal muscle function in males vs. females: role of estrogen receptor-β". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism (in الإنجليزية). 287 (6): E1125–E1131. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00098.2004. ISSN 0193-1849. PMID 15280152. S2CID 7926940.
  20. ^ Haizlip, K. M.; Harrison, B. C.; Leinwand, L. A. (2015). "Sex-Based Differences in Skeletal Muscle Kinetics and Fiber-Type Composition". Physiology. 30 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1152/physiol.00024.2014. PMC 4285578. PMID 25559153.
  21. ^ "Agonist and antagonist muscle pairs - Muscular system - OCR - GCSE Physical Education Revision - OCR". BBC Bitesize (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  22. ^ Biga, Lindsay M.; Bronson, Staci; Dawson, Sierra; Harwell, Amy; Hopkins, Robin; Kaufmann, Joel; LeMaster, Mike; Matern, Philip; Morrison-Graham, Katie; Oja, Kristen; Quick, Devon; Runyeon, Jon (2019-09-26). "11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists" (in الإنجليزية). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

المراجع العامة

  • Gosling, J.A.; Harris, P.F.; Humpherson, J.R.; Whitmore, I.; Willan, P.L.T. (2008). Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and Textbook. phot. by A.L. Bentley (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7234-3451-1.


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وصلات خارجية

قالب:Anatomical lists