الإمبراطور كونوئ

Emperor Konoe
近衛天皇
Emperor Konoe by Kōtarō Miyake.jpg
إمبراطور اليابان
العهد5 يناير 1142 – 22 أغسطس 1155
تتويج25 يناير 1142
سبقهSutoku
تبعهGo-Shirakawa
وُلِد16 يونيو 1139
توفيأغسطس 22, 1155(1155-08-22) (aged 16)
المدفن
Spouse
الاسم بعد الوفاة
Tsuigō:
Emperor Konoe (近衛院 or 近衛天皇)
البيتياماتو
الأبالإمبراطور توبا
الأمفوجي‌وارا نو ناريكو

Emperor Konoe (近衛天皇, Konoe-tennō, 16 يونيو 1139 – 22 أغسطس 1155) كان إمبراطور اليابان رقم 76،[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]

Konoe's reign spanned the years from 1142 through 1155.[3]

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النسب

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina)[4] was Narihito-shinnō (体仁親王).[5] He was also known as Tosihito-shinnō.[6]

Emperor Konoe was the eighth son of Emperor Toba.[6] His mother was Fujiwara no Nariko (1117–1160), the wife of Emperor Toba. [7]


أهم أحداث حياة الإمبراطور

Konoe was named heir shortly after he was born in 1139; and he was proclaimed emperor at the age of 3.

  • Eiji 1, in the 3rd month (1141): The former emperor Toba accepted the tonsure and became a Buddhist monk at the age of 39 years.[8]
  • Eiji 1, on the 7th day of the 12th month (永治元年; 1141): In the 18th year of Sutoku-tennō's reign (崇徳天皇十八年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by a younger brother, the 8th son of former Emperor Toba. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Konoe is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[9]

At that time, the Kampaku Fujiwara-no Tadamichi became Sesshō or regent. The Cloistered Emperor Toba continued to direct all the affairs of government, while the retired Emperor Sutoku had no powers. This conflict resulted in many controversies during Konoe's reign.[6]

  • Kōji 2, in the 1st month (1143): Cloistered Emperor Toba-in, now known by the title Daijō Hōō or Hōō (太上法皇), visited his mother.[6]
  • Kōji 2, in the 5th month (1143): Konoe passed his days praying at Tōdai-ji and also at the temples on Mount Hiei.[6]
  • Ten'yō gannen or Ten'yō 1, in the 7th month (1145): A comet was sighted in the sky; and for this reason, the name of the nengō was changed to Kyūan.[6]
  • Kyūan 1, in the 8th month (1145): The mother of former Emperor Sutoku (also known as "Taikenmon-In") died.[6]
  • Kyūan 2, in the 2nd month (1146), Konoe visited Toba-no-Hōō.[6]
  • Kyūan 2, in the 12th month (1146), Konoe joined in a celebration honoring Sesshō Fujiwara no Tadamichi (the regent) on his 58th birthday.[6] This event was important because, in each sexagenary cycle, the first and the fifty-eighth years were considered to be auspicious according to Chinese astrological principles.
  • Kyūan 4, in the 6th month (1148): The imperial palace was consumed by flames.[10]
  • Kyūan 6, in the 1st month (1150): Konoe assumed the role of a mature adult; and he married Fujiwara-no Tokoku, who had been raised by Sadaijin Yorinaga. Tokoku was the daughter of Dainagon Taira-no Kiyomori. This bride became Kōkōgō (皇皇后) or first empress.[10]
  • Kyūan 6, in the 3rd month (1150): Konoe married again, this time to "Feï-si," who had been raised by Sesshō Fujiwara-no Tadamichi. She was the daughter of Dainagon Fujiwara-no Koremichi. This bride became Chūgū (中宮) or second empress. Konoe was so very much enamoured of this second wife that he neglected his first wife, which caused discord in the kugyō, especially between Tadamichi and Yorinaga.[10]
  • Kyūan 6, in the 12th month (1150): Sesshō Minamoto-no Tadamichi, resigns his position and is named Daijō Daijin. In this same month, Minamoto-no Yoshikane became head of the Ashikaga clan in Shimotsuke Province.[10]
  • Ninpei 1, in the 1st month (1151): Sadaijin Yorinaga was given additional power as "Naï-ken," which gave him the duty and opportunity of reading formal written requests before they should be presented to the emperor. This had been amongst the powers of the Sesshō or the Kampaku. Factions in the court who favored Yorinaga tended to dislike Tadamichi, and they employed any means possible to help elevate Yorinaga's position. However, Yorinaga himself was generally disliked because of his capricious character. His tactics and strategy for enhancing his own prestige were focused primarily on diminishing Tadamichi's role in the court.[11]
  • Ninpei 2, on the 7th day of the 3rd month (1152): Konoe visited the home of Toba-no-Hōō to celebrate his father's 50th birthday; and the emperor stayed until the next day, amusing himself with dances and with listening to musical performances.[12]
  • Ninpei 3, on the 2nd day of the 1st month (1153): Konoe visited his father's home; and in the same month Taira-no Tadamori, the head of the criminal tribunal, died; and this position was soon filed by his son, Taira-no Kiyomori.[12]
  • Kyūju gannen or Kyūju 1, in the 5th month (1154): Udaijin Minamoto-no Masasada retired from public life to become a priest at age 61. He died several years later.[12]
  • Kyūju gannen or Kyūju 1, in the 8th month (1154): Fujiwara-no Saneyoshi, Grand General of the Right, was elevated to the role of Grand General of the Left; and the former Dainagon Fujiwara-no Kanenaga (aged 17) was elevated to take on the newly vacated role of Grand General of the Right.[12]
  • Kyūju 2, on the 23rd day of the 7th month (1155): Emperor Konoe died at the age of 17 years without leaving any heirs.[13]
  • Kyūju 2, on the 24th day of the 7th month (大同元年; 1155): In the 14th year of Konoe-tennō's reign (近衛天皇14年), the emperor died; and despite an ensuring dispute over who should follow him as sovereign, contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (enso) was received by a younger brother, the 14th son of former-Emperor Toba. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Shirakawa is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[14]

During Konoe's reign, the Enshō (Superiority of Duration) Temple. After this, successive emperors no longer build Imperial-prayer temples.[15]

Emperor Konoe's reign lasted for 13 years: 2 years in the nengō Kōji, 1 year in Ten'yō, 6 years in Kyūan, 3 years in Ninpei, and 2 years in Kyūju.[12]

كوگيو

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Konoe's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

فترات عهد كونوئ

The years of Konoe's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[17]

السلف


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انظر أيضاً

الهامش

Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. ^ Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 近衛天皇 (76)
  2. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 80.
  3. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 186–188; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 324–326; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 205.
  4. ^ Brown, pp. 264. [Up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.]
  5. ^ Brown, p. 324; Varley, p. 205.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ Titsingh, p. 186.
  7. ^ Kitagawa, H. (1975). The Tale of the Heike, p. 240.
  8. ^ Titsingh, p. 185.
  9. ^ Titsingh, p. 186; Brown, p. 324; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
  10. ^ أ ب ت ث Titsingh, p. 187.
  11. ^ Titsingh, pp. 187–188.
  12. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Titsingh, p. 188.
  13. ^ Brown, pp. 324–325.
  14. ^ Titsingh, p. 189; Brown, p. 326; Varley, p. 44.
  15. ^ Brown, p. 326.
  16. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Brown, p. 325.
  17. ^ Titsingh, pp. 185–188; Brown, pp. 325–326.
  18. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in اليابانية). Retrieved 27 October 2018.

المراجع

ألقاب ملكية
سبقه
Emperor Sutoku
إمبراطور اليابان:
Emperor Konoe

1142–1155
تبعه
Emperor Go-Shirakawa
Imperial Seal of Japan.svg أباطرة اليابان Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
الأباطرة الأسطوريون
1 جيمو
神武
2 سوي‌زيْ
綏靖
3 安寧 4 懿徳 5 孝昭 6 孝安 7 孝霊 8 孝元 9 開化 10 崇神
11 垂仁 12 景行 13 成務 14 仲哀  
حقبة يـَمـاتـو 大和時代 (كـُفون)، الفترة (250538)
15 اوجين
応神
16 نين تـُكو
仁徳
17 履中 18 反正 19 允恭 20 安康 21 雄略 22 清寧 23 顕宗 24 仁賢
25 武烈 26 継体 27 安閑 28 宣化  
حقبة أسـوكـا 飛鳥時代، الفترة (538710)
29 كيم مـِيْ
欽明
30 بيداتسو
敏達
31 يومـِيْ
用明
32 سوشون
崇峻
33 سويكو
推古
34 جومـِيْ
舒明
35 كوگيوكو
皇極
36 كوتـُكو
孝徳
37 كوگيوكو
斉明
38 تنجي
天智
39 كـُبون
弘文
40 تمـّو
天武
41 جيتو
持統
42 مـُمـّو
文武
43 گـِم مـِيْ
元明
 
حقبة نـارا 奈良時代، الفترة (710 - 794)
44 گـِنشو
元正
45 شومو 聖武 46 كوكـِن
孝謙
47 جون نين 淳仁 48 شوتـُكو
称徳
49 كونين
光仁
 
حقبة هـِيْ آن 平安時代، الفترة (794 - 1185)
50 كـَمـّو
桓武
51 平城 52 嵯峨 53 淳和 54 仁明 55 文徳 56 清和 57 陽成 58 光孝 59 اودا
宇多
60 دايگو
醍醐
61 سوزاكو
朱雀
62 موراكامي
村上
63 ريْ‌زيْ
冷泉
64 إن‌يو
円融
65 كازان
花山
66 一条 67 三条 68 後一条 69 後朱雀
70 後冷泉 71 後三条 72 白河 73 堀河 74 鳥羽 75 崇徳 76 كونوئ
近衛天皇
77 گو-شيراكاوا
後白河天皇
78 二条 79 六条
80 高倉 81 أن تـُكو
安徳
82 گو توبا
後鳥羽
 
حقبة كـَماكورا 鎌倉時代، الفترة (1185 - 1333)
83 تسوتشي ميكادو
土御門
84 جون تـُكو
順徳
85 仲恭 86 後堀河 87 四条 88 後嵯峨 89 後深草 90 亀山 91 後宇多 92 伏見
93 後伏見 94 後二条 95 花園 96 گو دايگو
後醍醐
 
حقبة مورُماتشي 室町時代، الفترة (1336 - 1573)
97 گو موراكامي
後村上
98 تشو كـِيْ
長慶
99 گو كامـِياما
後亀山
100 گو كوماتسو
後小松
البلاط الشمالي 北朝 "هـُكوچو" 1 كوگـُن
光厳
2 كومـْيو
光明
3 崇光 4 後光厳 5 後円融 6 後小松  
101 称光 102 後花園 103 後土御門 104 後柏原 105 後奈良 106 正親町 107 後陽成  
حقبة إدو 江戸時代، الفترة (16031868)
108 گو ميزونو 後水尾 109 مـِيـْشو
明正
110 گو كوميو
後光明
111 گو ساي
後西
112 ريـْگـِن
霊元
113 هيگاشي ياما
東山
114 ناكا ميكادو
中御門
115 ساكورا ماتشي
桜町
116 موموزونو
桃園
117 گو ساكورا ماتشي
後桜町
118 گو موموزونو
後桃園
119 كوكاكو
光格
120 نين كو
仁孝
121 كومـِيْ
孝明
 
اليابان المعاصرة (عهد مـِيـْجي 明治時代 ف. 18681912)
122 ميـْجي
明治
123 تايشو
大正
124 هيروهيتو
昭和
125 أكيهيتو
今上
126 ناروهيتو
徳仁
ولي العهد الإمبراطورات النساء (باللون الأحمر)