ناقل الناس

(تم التحويل من People mover)
هذا المقال هو عن automated rail transit systems. إذا كنت تريد the private automobile، انظر People carrier. إذا كنت تريد other uses، انظر ناقل الناس (توضيح).
Interior of Satellite Transit System, Seattle, Washington, USA. Opened in 1969, it is one of the first operational automated people mover systems in the world.
PHX Sky Train in Phoenix, USA, opened in 2013
Morgantown PRT
Platform of Zhujiang New Town APM in Guangzhou, China

A people mover or automated people mover (APM) is a type of small scale automated guideway transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks.

The term was originally applied to three different systems, developed roughly at the same time. One was Skybus, an automated mass transit system prototyped by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation beginning in 1964.[1][2][3] The second, alternately called the People Mover and Minirail, opened in Montreal at Expo 67. Finally the last, called PeopleMover or WEDway PeopleMover, was an attraction that was originally presented by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and that opened at Disneyland in 1967.[4] Now, however, the term "people mover" is generic, and may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit or maglev. Propulsion may involve conventional on-board electric motors, linear motors or cable traction.

Generally speaking, larger APMs are referred to by other names. The most generic is "automated guideway transit", which encompasses any automated system regardless of size. Some complex APMs deploy fleets of small vehicles over a track network with off-line stations, and supply near non-stop service to passengers. These taxi-like systems are more usually referred to as personal rapid transit (PRT). Larger systems, with vehicles with 20 to 40 passengers, are sometimes referred to as "group rapid transit" (GRT), although this term is not particularly common. Other complex APMs have similar characteristics to mass transit systems, and there is no clear cut distinction between a complex APM of this type and an automated mass transit system. Another term "Light Metro" is also applied to describe the system worldwide.[5][6][7]

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History

Never-Stop Railway

One of the first automated systems for human transportation was the screw-driven 'Never-Stop-Railway',[8][9] constructed for the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley, London in 1924. This railway consisted of 88 unmanned carriages, on a continuous double track along the northern and eastern sides of the exhibition, with reversing loops at either end.

The carriages ran on two parallel concrete beams and were guided by pulleys running on the inner side of these concrete beams,[10][11] and were propelled by gripping a revolving screw thread running between the tracks in a pit; by adjusting the pitch of this thread at different points, the carriages could be sped up, or slowed down to a walking pace at stations, to allow passengers to join and leave. The railway ran reliably for the two years of the exhibition, and was then dismantled.[12]

Small sections of this track bed, and a nearby heavy rail track bed, have been proposed for reuse.[13]

Goodyear and Stephens-Adamson

Manufacturers

Heavy APMs

Light APMs

أمثلة

VAL Automated People mover
(Véhicule Automatique Léger)

النقل الحضري

البرازيل

كندا

الصين

فرنسا

ألمانيا

هونگ كونگ

إيطاليا

Automated MiniMetro in Perugia, Italy


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اليابان

ماليزيا

الفلپين

البرتغال

Bukit Panjang LRT Line, Singapore
Sengkang LRT Line, A Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover on the East Loop, Singapore

سنغافورة

كوريا الجنوبية

Incheon Airport Maglev

جنوب أفريقيا

تايوان

تايلند

الإمارات العربية المتحدة

المملكة المتحدة

الولايات المتحدة

Detroit People Mover، Detroit، Michigan
Metromover، Miami، Florida
BART Coliseum–Oakland International Airport line، Oakland، California


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الحضر
منتزهات الترفيه/مناطق المعارض/التسوق/المراكز الطبية
المطارات

ڤنزويلا

مدغشقر

المطارات

المقالة الرئيسية: قائمة أنظمة ناقلات الناس في المطارات

Many large international airports around the world feature people mover systems to transport passengers between terminals or within a terminal itself. Some people mover systems at airports connect with other public transportation systems to allow passengers to travel into the airport's city.

  • An underground people mover, called The Plane Train، station at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

    An underground people mover, called The Plane Train، station at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport

  • LINK Interterminal Shuttle at Toronto Pearson International Airport

    LINK Interterminal Shuttle at Toronto Pearson International Airport

  • AirRail Link at Birmingham International Airport, West Midlands, UK

    AirRail Link at Birmingham International Airport, West Midlands, UK

  • Skytrain (H-Bahn), Düsseldorf Airport, Germany

    Skytrain (H-Bahn), Düsseldorf Airport, Germany

غيرهم

See also

References

  1. ^ "Skybus in Pittsburgh". Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2010-04-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Massey, Steve. "Who killed Westinghouse?". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2007-11-12. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Westinghouse Company Timeline (1940–1979)". Westinghouse Electric Company, LLC. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-11-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Weiss, Werner. "PeopleMover at Disneyland". Yesterland.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-07. Retrieved 2007-11-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Michael Taplin (March 2013). "A world of trams and urban transit - A complete listing of Light Rail, Light Railway, Tramway & Metro systems throughout the World". Light Rail Transit Association (LRTA). Retrieved 2014-11-28.
  6. ^ "Korean city opens automatic light metro". Rail Journal.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2014-11-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "BJP promises light metro in Bhopal and Indore". dnaindia.com. Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2014-11-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ British Film Institute Never-Stop Railway
  9. ^ British Pathe (agency) Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine Never-Stop Railway film (probably 1925)
  10. ^ British Pathe (agency) Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine Never-Stop Railway film (probably 1925), see at 01:24 for analyzing the guiding system
  11. ^ Hulton Archive:modified tractor running on the 'Never Stop Railway' Archived 2013-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Exhibiting the Empire". The Tribune. Chandigarh. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2006-11-06. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ The Times Archived 2009-09-25 at the Wayback Machine Comment on light-rail proposal
  14. ^ Potter, John (12 July 2012). "A New Look at a Reno Classic: Downtown's Sky Shuttle". KTVN-TV. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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