نالتشيك

Nalchik
Нальчик
City
الترجمة اللفظية بالـ Other
 • KabardianНалщӏэч
 • BalkarНальчик
Бочка на закате.jpg
Кинотеатр Победа ( ул.Кабардинская).jpg
Bogdanka-district.jpg
Фонтан на площади согласия. Улица Ленина.jpg
Памятник нальчанам, погибшим в Великой Отечественной войне. Боковой барельеф. Нальчик, Кабардино-Балкария.jpg
Нальчик - panoramio (6).jpg
Нальчик - panoramio (2).jpg
В.И.Ленин. Нальчик - panoramio.jpg
Central mosque. Nalchik.jpg
ГУК КБГУ новый.jpg
Bochka Bar, Pobeda Cinema, Cathedral of Equal to the Apostle Mary Magdalene, Fountain at the Place de la Concorde in the Lenina Street, Monument to the Nalchans who died in the Great Patriotic War, Trees in a park, Snow in a memorial, Statue of Lenin, Central Mosque, KBSU Main Building
علم Nalchik
Flag
درع Nalchik
Coat of arms
Location of Nalchik
Nalchik is located in روسيا
Nalchik
Nalchik
Location of Nalchik
Nalchik is located in قبردينو-بلقاريا
Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik (قبردينو-بلقاريا)
الإحداثيات: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديKabardino-Balkaria
Founded1724
City status since1921
الحكومة
 • الكيانمجلس المدينة[1]
 • الرأس[2]Zalimgeri Khagasov[2]
المساحة
[3]
 • الإجمالي67 كم² (26 ميل²)
المنسوب
512 m (1٬680 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[4]
 • الإجمالي240٬203
 • Estimate 
(2018)
239٬300 (−0٫4%)
 • الترتيب78th in 2010
 • الكثافة2٬234٫3/km2 (5٬787/sq mi)
 • Subordinated toالمدينة ذات الاعتبار الجمهوري نالچيك[5]
 • Capital ofجمهورية قبردينو-بلقار
 • Capital ofcity of republic significance of Nalchik[5]
 • Urban okrugنالچيك، الأُكروگ الحضري[6]
 • Capital ofNalchik Urban Okrug[6]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([7])
Postal code(s)[8]
360000, 360005, 360032, 360901, 360903, 360904
Dialing code(s)+7 8662[9]
OKTMO ID83701000001
City Day1 سبتمبر[10]
الموقع الإلكترونيadmnalchik.ru

نالتشيك (روسية: На́льчик؛ بالقبرطاي: Налшык; بالبلقار: Нальчик ؛ إنگليزية: Nalchik) مدينة حديثة أُنشئت بعد الاحتلال الروسي للقوفاز، وهي حالياً عاصمة جمهورية قبردينو-بلقاريا، التي أصبحت جمهورية ذات استقلال ذاتي سنة 1936، وتقع جنوب غرب روسيا الاتحادية على ضفاف النهر الذي أطلق عليها اسمه نالتشيك، وعلى سفوح أعلى قمة جبلية في أوروبا، وهي قمة البرز El’brus في جبال القوقاز.

برج سسروكو في نالچيك.
ينابيع نالچيك.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

History

The territory of modern-day Nalchik was formerly known as Slabada. The modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there together with settling Mountain Jews in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms.

In 1838, a Russian military settlement was founded in the city, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, in the year 1921, Nalchik was given the status of administrative center of Kabardin Autonomous Oblast. During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nalchiksky Okrug of the Terek Oblast.

Nalchik Arc De Triumph

The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar (a Turkic language). It is a diminutive of na'l, a common Middle Eastern word (Arabic, Persian, Turkish) for "horseshoe", possibly from the ancient Scythian, 'nalak" (horseshoe). The city of Nalchik was named this way because of how it is shaped as surrounded by the mountains of the land, and the Nalchik River is named after the city it runs across.

Concord Square

During World War II, on 2 November 1942, Nalchik was occupied by Romanian mountain troops (Vânători de munte) under the command of Brigadier General Ioan Dumitrache, its capture earning the Romanian General the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[11] The city was heavily damaged during the conflict. General Dumitrache went to great length ordering his troops to protect local population during the time Nalchik was occupied by Romanian forces. Professor A. N. Dainaco, the Mayor of Nalchik at that time, thanked General Dumitrache for liberating the city. Although he was accused of war crimes, General Dumitrache was fully exonerated after the war by a joint Soviet and Romanian judicial commission.[12]

Due to the harsh treatment of Jewish people by the Soviet Union, there has been a mass exodus of Jews from Nalchik over the decades, reducing the population that is left to a small percentage of what once was.

In 1990, there was a 6.0 magnitude earthquake in Nalchik.

Street scene on the Nalchik Outskirts with a view of the mountain range

On October 13, 2005, Nalchik was attacked by a large group of Yarmuk Jamaat militants led by Shamil Basayev and Anzor Astemirov. Buildings associated with the Russian security forces were targeted, killing at least 14 civilians and wounding 115. Thirty-five policemen died in the fighting. Eighty-nine militants, including their leader Ilias Gorchkhanov, were killed, and another fifty-nine arrested.


Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Nalchik—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[5] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nalchik is incorporated as Nalchik Urban Okrug.[6]

الجماعات العرقية

Cathedral of Equal to the Apostle Mary Magdalene
Central Mosque of Nalchik

تعداد المدينة يضم (بيانات 2006):

الاقتصاد والتعليم

Nalchik is a balneological and mountain climatotherapy resort, with several sanatoriums. It also serves as an industrial center of the republic (non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry, construction materials manufacturing, machine building).

Nalchik is home to the following facilities of higher education:

المدن الشقيقة

المناخ

بيانات مناخ نالتشيك
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 0
(32) 		1
(34) 		7
(45) 		16
(61) 		21
(70) 		25
(77) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		22
(72) 		15
(59) 		8
(46) 		3
(37) 		15
(59)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) -3
(27) 		-2
(28) 		3
(37) 		11
(52) 		16
(61) 		20
(68) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		17
(63) 		10
(50) 		5
(41) 		0
(32) 		10
(50)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) -7
(19) 		-6
(21) 		-1
(30) 		5
(41) 		11
(52) 		14
(57) 		17
(63) 		16
(61) 		12
(54) 		5
(41) 		1
(34) 		-4
(25) 		5
(41)
هطول mm (inches) 22
(0.87) 		23
(0.91) 		38
(1.5) 		63
(2.48) 		99
(3.9) 		100
(3.94) 		72
(2.83) 		61
(2.4) 		55
(2.17) 		43
(1.69) 		29
(1.14) 		26
(1.02) 		631
(24٫84)
Avg. precipitation days 6 6 8 9 11 11 9 7 7 7 7 7 95
Sunshine hours 69 71 117 141 185 235 222 210 201 153 93 63 1٬810
Source #1: Gydrometcenter[16]
Source #2: City Hall of Nalchik [17]


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أشخاص بارزون


انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=269&Itemid=17". Nalchik City Council. Nalchik City Council. June 28, 1995. The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Nalchik is the Nalchik City Council. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  2. ^ أ ب Местная администрация городского округа Нальчик (in Russian). Archived from the original on أغسطس 22, 2011. Retrieved أكتوبر 30, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ "Регионы России. Основные социально-экономические показатели городов". 2012 г. (in الروسية). Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  4. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ أ ب ت Law #12-RZ
  6. ^ أ ب ت Law #13-RZ
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ http://postindex.delovoigorod.ru/nalchik/center/
  9. ^ http://www.rt.ru/help-info/mg/index.php?SELECTED_CHAR=%CD[dead link]
  10. ^ http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=16[dead link]
  11. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (September 6, 2016). "World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection". ABC-CLIO – via Google Books.
  12. ^ Arhiva Reviste. Bichir (subscription required)
  13. ^ "Organisations.Kabardino-Balkar State University". mathnet.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  14. ^ "North-Caucasus State Institute of Arts". Universities, Colleges and Institutes Directory of Russian Federation (Russia) .University-directory.eu. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  15. ^ "Federal Education Kabardino-Balkar State Agricultural Academy" (in الروسية). Education in Russia. edu.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  16. ^ "Gydrometcenter: Historical Weather for Nalchik".
  17. ^ |url=http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=16 |title= City Hall of Nalchik : Sundata for Nalchik |accessdate=}}

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Kabardino-Balkar Republic

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