بريطانيون

"بريتون" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة استخدامات أخرى، انظر بريتون (توضيح).

لمعلومات عن a specific analysis of the population of United Kingdom، انظر Demographics of United Kingdom.

انظر أيضاً: إنگليز, اسكتلنديون, ويلزيون, and شعب أيرلندا الشمالية

الشعب البريطاني
British people

علم المملكة المتحدة
إجمالي التعداد
British 72 مليون الشتات البريطاني 140 مليون ملف:British people around the world.svg
المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة
المملكة المتحدة	57,678,000
الولايات المتحدة	34,275,567 678,000
أستراليا	10,764,870 1,300,000
كندا	10,753,945 609,000
نيوزيلندا	2,425,278 217,000
جنوب أفريقيا	1,603,575 750,000
البرازيل	840,000
تشيلي	700,000
فرنسا	400,000
أيرلندا	291,000
أراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية	247,899
الأرجنتين	250,000
الإمارات العربية	240,000
إسپانيا	236,669
المكسيك	200,000
ألمانيا	115,000
پاكستان	79,447
قبرص	59,000
تايلند	51,000
سنغافورة	45,000
سويسرا	45,000
هولندا	44,000
إسرائيل	44,000
البرتغال	41,000
السويد	39,989
إيطاليا	26,000 39,177
نرويج	34,279
تركيا	34,000
الهند	32,000
كينيا	29,000
بلجيكا	28,000
بربادوس	27,000
السعودية	26,000
جامايكا	25,000
ترينيداد وتوباگو	25,000
اليابان	23,000
هونگ كونگ	19,405 3,400,000 33,733
اليونان	18,000
فنلندا	16,732
اللغات
الإنگليزية الكورنية Guernésiais الأيرلندية Jèrriais Llanito Manx الويلزية Scots (بما فيها Ulster-Scots) Scottish Gaelic لغات المهاجرين
الدين
أساساً المسيحية (أنگليكانية، Presbyterianism, الكاثوليكية، Methodism) والإسلام انظر أيضاً الدين في المملكة المتحدة

الشعب البريطاني British people، أو البريتون Britons، هم مواطنو المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وشمال أيرلندا، the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies. British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, "British" or "Britons" can refer to the Celtic Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany, whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people, Cornish people, and Bretons. It may also refer to citizens of the former British Empire.

Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity. The notion of Britishness was forged during the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and the First French Empire, and developed further during the Victorian era. The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a "particular sense of nationhood and belonging" in Great Britain and Ireland; Britishness became "superimposed on much older identities", of English, Scots, Welsh and Irish cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity. Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions, British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial, but it is held with strong conviction by Unionists.

Modern Britons are descended mainly from the varied ethnic groups that settled in the British Isles in and before the 11th century: Prehistoric, Brittonic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Normans. The progressive political unification of the British Isles facilitated migration, cultural and linguistic exchange, and intermarriage between the peoples of England, Scotland and Wales during the late Middle Ages, early modern period and beyond. Since 1922 and earlier, there has been immigration to the United Kingdom by people from what is now the Republic of Ireland, the Commonwealth, mainland Europe and elsewhere; they and their descendants are mostly British citizens, with some assuming a British, dual or hyphenated identity.

The British are a diverse, multinational, multicultural and multilingual society, with "strong regional accents, expressions and identities". The social structure of the United Kingdom has changed radically since the 19th century, with a decline in religious observance, enlargement of the middle class, and increased ethnic diversity, particularly since the 1950s. The population of the UK stands at around 66 million, with a British diaspora of around 140 million concentrated in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, with smaller concentrations in the الولايات المتحدة, Republic of Ireland, Chile, South Africa and parts of the Caribbean.

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 انظر أيضاً

• Anti-British sentiment
• ديمغرافيا المملكة المتحدة
• قوائم البريطانيين
  • 100 Greatest Britons

 المصادر

 المراجع

^ Uniting the kingdom?, nationalarchives.gov.uk, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/uniting.htm, retrieved on 4 January 2011 

^ Acts of Union 1707, Parliament of the United Kingdom, http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/, retrieved on 4 January 2011 

^ Making the Act of Union 1707, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Archived from the original on 11 May 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110511140052/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf, retrieved on 4 January 2011 

^ The Union of the Parliaments 1707, Learning and Teaching Scotland, Archived from the original on 2 January 2012, https://web.archive.org/web/20120102060414/http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/scotlandshistory/unioncrownsparliaments/unionofparliaments/index.asp, retrieved on 28 January 2011 

^ "THE TREATY or Act of the Union". scotshistoryonline.co.uk. Retrieved 12 December 2009.

^ ^{أ ب ت} Colley 1992, p. 1.

^ Colley 1992, p. 5.

^ Colley 1992, p. 6.

^ CAIN Web Service, British? Irish? Or what?, cain.ulst.ac.uk, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/dd/report7/report7c.htm, retrieved on 19 February 2009 

^ United States Department of State (July 2008), United Kingdom - People, state.gov, https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3846.htm, retrieved on 19 February 2009 

^ Trudgill 1984, p. 519.

^ Richardson & Ashford 1993, p. 531.

^ Ward 2004, pp. 113–115.

^ Gordon Brown: We must defend the Union The Daily Telegraph, 25 March 2008

^ DIVERSITY AND CITIZENSHIP CURRICULUM REVIEW www.devon.gov.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2010. Archived 15 يونيو 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ UK dialects 'strong and varied', BBC, 15 August 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4152394.stm, retrieved on 19 February 2009 

^ Rosen 2003, p. 3.

^ "Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2017". www.ons.gov.uk.

^

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 Further reading

• Adams, Ian (1993). Political Ideology Today (2nd ed.). Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3347-6.
• Cunliffe, Barry (2005). Iron Age communities in Britain: an account of England, Scotland and Wales from the seventh century BC until the Roman conquest (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-34779-2.
• Gottlieb, Julie V.; Linehan, Thomas P. (2004). The Culture of Fascism: Visions of the Far Right in Britain. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-799-4.
• McLean, Iain (2001). Rational Choice and British Politics. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829529-4.
• Woodward, Kath (2000). Questioning Identity: Gender, Class and Nation. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-22287-7.

 وصلات خارجية

• Media related to People of the United Kingdom at Wikimedia Commons
• Quotations related to بريطانيون at Wikiquote