جامعة كاليفورنيا، بركلي

(تم التحويل من University of California, Berkeley)
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Berkeley College (disambiguation).
جامعة كاليفورنيا - بركلي
University of California, Berkeley
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الشعارFiat lux (باللاتينية)
الشعار بالإنجليزية
Let there be light
النوععامة
تأسست23 مارس, 1868
الوقف$2.894 billion[1]
المستشارRobert J. Birgeneau
الطاقم الأكاديمي2,156[2]
طلبة قبل البكالوريوس24,636[3]
طلاب الدراسات العليا10,317[4]
الموقع
Berkeley
،
كاليفورنيا
،
USA
الحرمUrban, 6،651 acre (27 km2)[5]
NewspaperThe Daily Californian
Yearbook{{{free2}}}
ألوان المدرسةYale Blue and Golden Yellow[6]         
الانتسابUniversity of California, Pacific-10, IARU, AAU
التميمةOski
الموقع الإلكترونيberkeley.edu
خريطة
Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais.
UC Berkeley campus circa 1940

جامعة كاليفورنيا - بركلي بالإنجليزية University of California, Berkeley ، هي جامعة أمريكية شهيرة وتقع في بركلي بولاية كاليفورنيا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. وهي من أقدم عشر جامعات في الولايات المتحدة ، وتقدم جامعة كاليفورنيا - بركلي أكثر من 300 برنامج دراسي في مختلف المجالات. تمتد الجامعة على مساحة 6651 كم2[8] وتصل مساحة الحرم الجامعي إلى 200 كم2 تقريبا. Founded in 1868 and named after the Anglo-Irish philosopher and plantation owner George Berkeley, it is the state's first land-grant university and the founding campus of the University of California system.[9]

Berkeley has an enrollment of more than 45,000 students. The university is organized around fifteen schools of study on the same campus, including the College of Chemistry, the College of Engineering, College of Letters and Science, and the Haas School of Business. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[10] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was originally founded as part of the university.[11]

Berkeley was a founding member of the Association of American Universities and was one of the original eight "Public Ivy" schools. In 2021, the federal funding for campus research and development exceeded $1 billion.[12] Thirty-two libraries also compose the Berkeley library system which is the sixth largest research library by number of volumes held in the United States.[13][14][15]

Berkeley students compete in thirty varsity athletic sports, and the university is one of eighteen full-member institutions in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Berkeley's athletic teams, the California Golden Bears, have also won 107 national championships, 196 individual national titles, and 223 Olympic medals (including 121 gold).[16][17] Berkeley's alumni, faculty, and researchers include 63 Nobel laureates[18] and 19 Academy Award winners,[19] and the university is also a producer of Rhodes Scholars,[20] Marshall Scholars,[21] and Fulbright Scholars.[22]

التاريخ

View from Memorial Glade of Sather Tower (the Campanile), the center of Berkeley
Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais
المقالة الرئيسية: History of the University of California, Berkeley

التأسيس

Made possible by President Lincoln's signing of the Morrill Act in 1862, the University of California was founded in 1868 as the state's first land-grant university, inheriting the land and facilities of the private College of California and the federal-funding eligibility of a public agricultural, mining, and mechanical arts college.[23] The Organic Act states that the "University shall have for its design, to provide instruction and thorough and complete education in all departments of science, literature and art, industrial and professional pursuits, and general education, and also special courses of instruction in preparation for the professions."[24][25]

Ten faculty members and forty male students made up the fledgling university when it opened in Oakland in 1869.[26] Frederick Billings, a trustee of the College of California, suggested that a new campus site north of Oakland be named in honor of Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley.[27] The university began admitting women the following year.[28] In 1870, Henry Durant, founder of the College of California, became its first president. With the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students.[29][30] The first female student to graduate was in 1874, admitted in the first class to include women in 1870.[31]

Beginning in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst funded several programs and new buildings and, in 1898, sponsored an international competition in Antwerp, where French architect Émile Bénard submitted the winning design for a campus master plan.

القرن العشرون

Robert McNamara, BA 1937

In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, Davis.[32] In 1919, the Los Angeles branch of the California State Normal School became the southern branch of the university, which ultimately became the University of California, Los Angeles.[33] By the 1920s, the number of campus buildings in Berkeley had grown substantially and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard.[34] In 1917, one of the nation's first ROTC programs was established at Berkeley[35] and its School of Military Aeronautics began training pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle. In 1926, future Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval ROTC unit at Berkeley.[36] Berkeley ROTC alumni include former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, Army Chief of Staff Frederick C. Weyand, sixteen other general officers, ten Navy flag officers, and AFROTC alumna Captain Theresa Claiborne.[37] In the 1930s, Ernest Orlando Lawrence helped establish the Radiation Laboratory (now Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) and invented the cyclotron, which won him the Nobel physics prize in 1939.[38] Using the cyclotron, Berkeley professors and Berkeley Lab researchers went on to discover sixteen chemical elements—more than any other university in the world.[39][40] In particular, during World War II and following Glenn Seaborg's then-secret discovery of plutonium, Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory began to contract with the U.S. Army to develop the atomic bomb. Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942.[41][42] Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley founded and was then a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1952).

ملف:Free-Speech-Cloud-Film.webm
The "Bodies Upon the Gears" speech (also known as "Operation of the Machine") given by Mario Savio on the steps of Sproul Hall in 1964


يوم الرئيس

Tightwad Hill

الحرم الجامعي

View of the Berkeley Campus from the Big C on the foothills to the east

العمارة

South Hall (1873), one of the two original buildings of the University of California, still stands on the Berkeley campus

معالم طبيعية

Strawberry Creek, as seen between Dwinelle Hall and Lower Sproul Plaza.

الكليات والجامعات

Haas School of Business


الأكاديميات

Berkeley has had 20 Nobel Laureates on its faculty and 61 affiliated with the university

التقييم

Sather gate and Sather tower (the Campanile) from Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus

Admissions

The north side of Doe Library with Memorial Glade in the foreground.

النظم المكتبية

المساهامات في علوم الكمبيوتر

يونكس, بناء أنظمة اليونكس

Distinguished Berkeley people

حياة الطلبة

الألعاب الأوليمبية

California-Stanford Rivalry

"اللاعب"


التقييم


البطولات الدولية في جامعة كاليفورنيا

UC Rally Committee running Cal flags across the Memorial Stadium field at the 2002 Big Game. (Note the Stanford visitors section on the left and the UC Berkeley alumni section on the right.)
الرياضة البطولات
بيسبول
كرة سلة رجال
  • (1) NCAA Championship
  • (1) NIT Championship
Men's Crew
  • (15) National Championships
Women's Crew
  • (3) National Championships
كرة قدم
  • (3) National Championships
جولف رجال
  • (1) National Championship
جمباز رجال
  • (4) Team NCAA Championships
  • (21) Individual NCAA Champions
Men's Lacrosse
  • (1) USLIA MDIA National Championship
ركبي رجال
  • (23) National Championships
Softball
  • (1) NCAA championship
سباحة رجال
  • (2) Team NCAA Championships
  • (42) Individual NCAA Champions
  • (12) NCAA Relay Championships
سباحة سيدات
  • (21) Individual NCAA Champions
  • (2) NCAA Relay Championships
تنس رجال
  • (1) NCAA Championship
  • (2) NCAA Singles Champions
  • (9) NCAA Doubles Championships
تنس سيدات
  • (4) NCAA Doubles Championships
  • (1) NCAA Singles Champion
Men's Track & Field
  • (1) NCAA Team Championship
  • (30) Individual NCAA Champions
Women's Track & Field
  • (4) Individual NCAA Champions
بولو ماء رجال
  • (13) NCAA Championships
إجمالي فرق البطولات 71

التقاليد

إستضافة الطلبة

Cunningham Hall and the newly-built Towle Hall, part of the Unit 2 residence hall complex
Bowles Hall at the 2003 Homecoming and Parents Weekend

جماعات الطلبة

Cal Straw Hat Band (a smaller subset of the Cal Band) playing at SeaWorld in San Diego, California.

UC Berkeley has over 700 established student groups.

الأصول الإثنية


الأصول الإثنية, 2007[43] تحت-
الخريجين		 الخريج
students
أفارقة أمريكيون 3% 3%
آسيويون أمريكيون وجزر المحيط الهادي 42% 18%
إسبان أو مكسييون 12% 6%
أمريكيون <1% 1%
بيض 31% 44%
دوليون 3% 18%


أسماء

العلاقة مع الجيش الأمريكي

الشراكة

أفلام صورة في جامعة كاليفورنيا - بيركلي

انظر أيضا

قراءات إضافية

  • Brechin, Gray (1999). Imperial San Francisco. UC Press Ltd. ISBN 0-520-21568-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= and |month= (help)
  • Cerny, Susan Dinkelspiel (2001). Berkeley Landmarks: An Illustrated Guide to Berkeley, California's Architectural Heritage. Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association. ISBN 0-9706676-0-4. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= and |month= (help)
  • Freeman, Jo (2003). At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961-1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21622-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= and |month= (help)
  • Helfand, Harvey (2001). University of California, Berkeley. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 1-56898-293-3. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= and |month= (help)
  • Rorabaugh, W. J. (1990). Berkeley at War: The 1960s. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506667-7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |coauthors= and |month= (help)
  • Wong, Geoffrey (2001). A Golden State of Mind. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-55212-635-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع University of California, Berkeley.

المصادر

  1. ^ "UC Annual Endowment Report, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2007" (PDF). Office of the Treasurer of the Regents of the University of California. 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  2. ^ "Common Data Set 2007-2008" (PDF).
  3. ^ "Common Data Set 2007-2008" (PDF).
  4. ^ "Common Data Set 2007-2008" (PDF).
  5. ^ University of California Financial Reports
  6. ^ "Faculty Guide to Campus Life". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  7. ^ Berkeley Nobel Prize winners, UCBerkeleyNews
  8. ^ University of California Financial Reports
  9. ^ "History & discoveries". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  10. ^ "Carnegie Classifications: University of California-Berkeley". Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  11. ^ "Berkeley Lab: What's in a Name?". www.lbl.gov (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  12. ^ "Table 20. Campus funding for sponsored research tops $1 billion for first time". Berkeley News. August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  13. ^ "Berkeley Library Facts" (PDF). www.lib.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2022. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  14. ^ "New addition to UC Berkeley Main Library dedicated to former UC President David Gardner". Berkeley.edu. June 12, 1997. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
  15. ^ "The Nation's Largest Libraries". American Library Association. July 7, 2006. Archived from the original on November 25, 2022.
  16. ^ "California Golden Bears Olympic Medals". University of California Golden Bears Athletics (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  17. ^ "Cal National Champions". University of California Golden Bears Athletics (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  18. ^ "Berkeley's Nobel laureates". UC Berkeley Inspire. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
  19. ^ "Berkeley Law Distinguished Alumni". sfgate.com. February 26, 2012.
  20. ^ "US Rhodes Scholars Over Time". www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  21. ^ "Statistics". www.marshallscholarship.org. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  22. ^ "Top Producers". us.fulbrightonline.org. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
  23. ^ Stadtman, Verne A. (1970). The University of California, 1868–1968. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 34.
  24. ^ "History of UC Berkeley". University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Founded in the wake of the gold rush by leaders of the newly established 31st state, the University of California's flagship campus at Berkeley has become one of the preeminent universities in the world.
  25. ^ Berdahl, Robert (October 8, 1998). "The Future of Flagship Universities". University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. The issue I want to talk about tonight is the future of "flagship" universities, institutions like the University of Texas at Austin, or Texas A&M at College Station, or the University of California, Berkeley. This is not an easy topic to talk about for a number of reasons, not the least of which is the fact that those of us in "systems" of higher education are frequently actively discouraged from using the term "flagship" to refer to our campuses because it is seen as hurtful to the self-esteem of colleagues at other institutions in our systems.
  26. ^ "A brief history of the University of California". University of California Office of the President. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  27. ^ Wollenberg, Charles (2002). "Chapter 2: Tale of Two Towns". Berkeley, A City in History. Berkeley Public Library. Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved June 6, 2009.
  28. ^ "A History of Women at Cal | Campus Climate, Community Engagement & Transformation". Campus Climate at Berkeley (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  29. ^ "The Centennial of The University of California, 1868–1968". Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  30. ^ "University of California History Digital Archives". Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
  31. ^ Smith, Mackenzie (2018). "Celebrating Women at Rausser College, Past & Present". College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley. Archived from the original on 2019-11-21. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  32. ^ "About UC Berkeley – History". UC Berkeley. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
  33. ^ Douglass, John; Thomas, Sally. "University of California History Digital Archives: Los Angeles General History". www.lib.berkeley.edu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved March 17, 2019.
  34. ^ "John Galen Howard and the design of the City of Learning, the UC Berkeley campus". UC Berkeley. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
  35. ^ "History of Army ROTC". UC Berkeley Army ROTC. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  36. ^ "U.S. Naval Activities World War II by State". Patrick Clancey. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
  37. ^ "Alumni". army.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  38. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  39. ^ "Chemical Elements Discovered at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory". Lbl.gov. June 7, 1999. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  40. ^ "Branding the Elements: Berkeley Stakes its Claims on the Periodic Table". Cal Alumni Association. March 20, 2014. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  41. ^ "Manhattan Project Chronology". atomicarchive.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
  42. ^ "Atomic History – Early Government Support". Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
  43. ^ "Cal Stats Brochure" (PDF). UCB Office of Planning and تحليل. Retrieved 2008-04-01.


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