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The following is a list of known orogenies organised by continent, starting with the oldest in each. The headings are present-day continents, which may differ from the geography contemporary to the orogenies. Some orogenies encompass more than one continent and may have different names in each, and some very large orogenies include sub-orogenies. As with other geological phenomena, orogenies are often subject to revised interpretations of their age, type and associated paleogeography.

In some (especially older) literature, the term orogeny refers to a long episode of basin formation and deposition of sediments over hundreds of millions of years, ending with deformation (sometimes including metamorphism) of these deposits. However, some workers use the term only for the final mountain-building deformation event over tens of millions of years or shorter.

 African orogenies

• Pan-African orogeny, Neoproterozoic Era (550 Ma)
• Damara orogeny
• Kibaran orogeny
• Eburnean orogeny
• East African Orogeny
• Mauritanide Orogeny
• Mozambique Orogeny
• Zambezian Orogeny

 Antarctic orogenies

Orogenies affecting Antarctica include:

• Napier orogeny – (4000±200 Ma)
• Rayner orogeny – (3500ح. 3500 Ma)
• Humboldt orogeny, (c. 3000 Ma)
• Insel orogeny – (2650±150 Ma)
• Early Ruker orogeny – (2000–1700 Ma)
• Late Ruker orogeny, also known as the Nimrod orogeny – (1000±150 Ma)
• Beardmore orogeny – (633–620 Ma)
• Ross orogeny – (c. 550 – c. 480 Ma)
• Borchgrevink orogeny
• Peninsula orogeny

 Asian orogenies

Persia–Tibet–Burma orogeny in Eurasian Plate

• Aravalli-Delhi Orogen – Precambrian
• Altaid Orogeny – Paleozoic Era
• Uralian orogeny during the Permian Period
• Cimmerian and Cathaysian orogenies
  • Active through Triassic and Jurassic Periods along south and southeast Asia.
• Dabie-Sulu orogeny – Mesozoic Era
• Persia–Tibet–Burma orogeny – Cenozoic Era; caused by the continuing collision of the Arabian and Indian Plates with the Eurasian Plate, encompassing:
  • Himalayan orogeny – Forming the Himalaya Mountains

 European orogenies

• Saamian orogeny – Formation of an extensive area of tonalitic-trondhjemitic crust in Fennoscandia, (3.1–2.9 Ga)
• Lopian orogeny – Formation of two different types of terrain compatible with plate tectonic concepts. One is a belt of high-grade gneisses formed in a regime of strong mobility, while the other is a region of granitoid intrusions and greenstone belts surrounded by the remnants of a Saamian substratum, (2.9–2.6 Ga)
• Svecofennian orogeny, also known as Svecokarelian orogeny, (2.0–1.75 Ga)
• Gothian orogeny – Formation of tonalitic-granodioritic plutonic rocks and calc-alkaline volcanites (like the previous Svecofennian orogeny), (1.75–1.5 Ga)
• Sveconorwegian orogeny – Essentially reworking of previously formed crust, (1.25 Ga – 900 Ma)
• Timanide orogeny – Affecting the northern Baltic Shield during the Neoproterozoic Era, (620–550 Ma)
• Cadomian orogeny – On the north coast of Armorica in the Ediacaran/Cambrian, (660–540 Ma)
• Caledonian orogeny – Deformation of the western Scandinavian Peninsula, Britain and Ireland, in the Ordovician Grampian phase and the Silurian Scandian phase
• Variscan orogeny, also known as Hercynian orogeny – Deformation in western Iberia, southwest Ireland, southwest England, central and western France, southern Germany and Czech Republic, during the Devonian and Carboniferous Periods
• Uralian orogeny, during the Permian Period.
• Alpine orogeny, encompassing:
  • The Formation of the Alps, during the Eocene through Miocene Periods
  • Carpathian orogeny – Building the Carpathian Mountains of eastern Europe, during the Jurassic-Cretaceous to Miocene Period
  • Hellenic orogeny – In Greece and the Aegean area, during Eocene through Miocene Periods

 North American orogenies

ملف:Taconic orogeny.gif

Taconic orogeny

• Algoman orogeny, also known as Kenoran orogeny – Superior province, South Dakota to Lake Huron, late Archean Eon (2700–2500 Ma)
• Wopmay orogeny – Along western edge of Canadian Shield, (2100–1900 Ma)
• Trans-Hudson orogeny, also known as Hudsonian orogeny – Extends from Hudson Bay west into Saskatchewan then south through the western Dakotas and Nebraska. Result of the collision of the Superior craton with the Hearne craton and the Wyoming craton, during the Proterozoic Eon (2000–1800 Ma)
• Nagssugtoqidian orogeny – (1910–1770 Ma)
• Ketilidian orogeny – Collision at the southern margin of the North Atlantic Craton, late Paleoproterozoic Era (1850–1720 Ma)
• Penokean orogeny – Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, and southern Ontario, (1850–1840 Ma)
• Great Falls orogeny, also known as the Big Sky orogeny – Proterozoic collision between the Hearne craton and the Wyoming craton in southwest Montana, (1770 Ma)
• Ivanpah orogeny – Mojave Desert region, southwestern U.S.
• Yavapai orogeny, (1710–1700 Ma)
• Mazatzal orogeny – Mid to southwestern U.S., (1675–1650 Ma)
• Picuris orogeny – Mid to southwestern U.S., (1430–1300 Ma)
• Grenville orogeny – Worldwide, during the late Proterozoic Eon (1300–1000 Ma). Associated with the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. Formed folded mountains in eastern North America from Newfoundland to North Carolina, (1100–1000 Ma)
• Caledonian orogeny, including:
  • East Greenland Orogen – From Cryogenian to Devonian Periods
  • Taconic phase – In the northeastern U.S. and Canada, during the Ordovician Period
  • Acadian phase – In the eastern U.S., during the Silurian and Devonian Periods
• Appalachian orogeny – Usually seen as the same as the Variscan orogeny in Europe
  • Appalachian Mountains are a well-studied orogenic belt resulting from a late Paleozoic collision between North America and Africa.
  • Taconic orogeny
  • Acadian orogeny
  • Alleghanian orogeny
• Ouachita orogeny Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma is an orogenic belt that dates from the late Paleozoic Era and is most likely a continuation of the Appalachian orogeny west across the Mississippi embayment – Reelfoot Rift zone.
• Antler orogeny – Ancestral Sierra Nevada, western U.S., from late Devonian Period to early Mississippian age
• Innuitian orogeny, also known as Ellesmerian orogeny – Innuitian Mountains, Canadian Arctic, extending from Ellesmere Island to Melville Island, Mississippian age (345 Ma)
• Sonoma orogeny – Rocky Mountains, western North America, (270–240 Ma)
• Nevadan orogeny – Developed along western North America, during the Jurassic Period
• Sevier orogeny – Rocky Mountains, western North America, (140–50 Ma)
• Laramide orogeny – Rocky Mountains, western North America, (70-40 Ma)
• Pasadena orogeny – Transverse Ranges, western North America, Pleistocene Period to present day

 Oceania orogenies

 Australian orogenies

• Sleaford orogeny – Gawler craton, South Australia, (2440–2420 Ma)
• Glenburgh orogeny – Glenburgh Terrane, Western Australia, (2005–1920ح. 2005–1920 Ma)
• Barramundi orogeny – MacArthur Basin, northern Australia, (c. 1890–1850 Ma)
• Kimban orogeny – Gawler craton, South Australia, (c. 1845–1700 Ma)
• Cornian orogeny – Gawler craton, South Australia
• Miltalie orogeny – Gawler craton, South Australia
• Yapungku orogeny – North Yilgarn craton margin, Western Australia, (c. 1765 Ma)
• Albany-Fraser orogeny – Western Australia, (c. 1710–1020 Ma)
• Mangaroon orogeny – Gascoyne Complex, Western Australia, (c. 1680–1620 Ma)
• Isan orogeny – Mount Isa Block, Queensland, (c. 1600 Ma)
• Kararan orogeny – Gawler craton, South Australia, (1570–1555 Ma)
• Olarian orogeny – Olary Block, South Australia
• Capricorn orogeny – Gascoyne Complex, Western Australia
• Musgrave orogeny – Musgrave Block, Central Australia, (c. 1080 Ma)
• Edmundian orogeny – Gascoyne Complex, Western Australia, (c. 920–850 Ma)
• Petermann Orogeny – Central Australia, late Neoproterozoic Era to Cambrian Period (c. 630–520 Ma)
• Delamerian Orogeny – South Australia and Victoria, Ordovician Period, (c. 514–510 Ma)
• Lachlan Orogeny – Victoria and New South Wales, (c. 540 and 440 Ma)
• Thomson Orogeny – Northern continuation of the Lachlan Orogeny
• Alice Springs Orogeny – Central Australia, early Carboniferous Period, (450–300 Ma)
• Kanimblan Orogeny – Victoria and New South Wales, Carboniferous Period (c. 318 Ma)
• Hunter-Bowen orogeny, also known as New England Orogeny – Queensland and New South Wales, Permian Period to Triassic Period (c. 260–225 Ma)
• Sprigg Orogeny – continuing uplift of the Flinders and Mt Lofty Ranges in South Australia (Miocene – present)

 New Zealand orogenies

• Tuhua Orogeny, (370–330 Ma)
• Rangitata Orogeny, (142–99 Ma)
• Kaikoura Orogeny, (24 Ma – present)

 South American orogenies

• Transamazonian orogeny – Paleoproterozoic
• Guriense orogeny
• Sunsás orogeny
• Cariri Velhos orogeny
• Brasiliano-Pan African orogeny – Brasilia Belt
  • Pampean orogeny – Paraguai Belt
• Chonide orogeny
• Terra Australis Orogeny
  • Pampean orogeny
  • Famatinian orogeny
• San Rafael orogeny
• Gondwanide orogeny – Sierra de la Ventana
• Toco orogeny, Chilean Coast Range, (300–330 Ma)
• Andean orogeny, Andes Mountains, (200 Ma – present)

 Table

Orogeny	Estimated start time(Ga)	Estimated end time(Ga)	Continent
Pan-African orogeny	.55	.55	Africa
Damara orogeny	.53	.5	Africa
Kibaran orogeny	1.4	1	Africa
Eburnean orogeny	2.2	2	Africa
East African Orogeny	.75	.55	Africa
Mauritanide Orogeny	.32	.27	Africa
Mozambique Orogeny	2.65	2.97	Africa
Zambezi Orogeny	.89	.53	Africa
Napier orogeny	4		Antarctica
Rayner orogeny	3.5		Antarctica
Humboldt orogeny	3		Antarctica
Insel orogeny	2.65		Antarctica
Early Ruker orogeny	2	1.7	Antarctica
Late Ruker orogeny	1		Antarctica
Beardmore orogeny	.62		Antarctica
Ross orogeny	.55	.48	Antarctica
Borchgrevink orogeny	.42	.35	Antarctica
Aravalli-Delhi Orogen	2.3		Asia
Altaid Orogeny	.54		Asia
Cimmerian orogeny	.22		Asia
Dabie-Sulu orogeny	.24		Asia
Persia–Tibet–Burma orogeny	.55		Asia
Himalayan orogeny	.29	.16	Asia
Saamian orogeny	3.1	2.9	Europe
Lopian orogeny	2.9	2.6	Europe
Svecofennian orogeny	2.0	1.75	Europe
Gothian orogeny	1.75	1.5	Europe
Sveconorwegian orogeny	1.14	.96	Europe
Timanide orogeny	.62	.55	Europe
Cadomian orogeny	.66	.54	Europe
Caledonian orogeny	.49	.39	Europe
Variscan orogeny	.44	.35	Europe
Uralian orogeny	.32	.25	Europe
Alpine orogeny	.15	.25	Europe
Mediterranean Ridge	.15		Europe
Algoman orogeny	2.7	2.5	North America
Wopmay orogeny	2.1	1.9	North America
Trans-Hudson orogeny	1	1.8	North America
Nagssugtoqidian orogeny	1.9	1.8	North America
Ketilidian orogeny	1.85	1.72	North America
Penokean orogeny	1.85	1.84	North America
Great Falls orogeny	1.77		North America
Ivanpah orogeny	1.71	1.70	North America
Yavapai orogeny	1.71	1.70	North America
Mazatzal orogeny	1.67	1.65	North America
Picuris orogeny	1.43	1.30	North America
Grenville orogeny	1.25	.98	North America
Caledonian orogeny East Greenland Orogen	.72	.42	North America
Appalachian orogeny	.48		North America
Taconic orogeny	.44		North America
Acadian orogeny	.37		North America
Alleghanian orogeny	.35		North America
Ouachita orogeny	.29		North America
Antler orogeny	.35	.32	North America
Innuitian orogeny	.45		North America
Sonoma orogeny	.27	.24	North America
Nevadan orogeny	.2		North America
Sevier orogeny	.14	.05	North America
Laramide orogeny	.07	.04	North America
Pasadena orogeny	.03		North America
Sleaford orogeny	2.44	2.42	Oceania
Glenburgh orogeny	2	1.92	Oceania
Barramundi orogeny	1.89	1.85	Oceania
Kimban orogeny	1.84	1.70	Oceania
Cornian orogeny	2	1.86	Oceania
Miltalie orogeny	1.95		Oceania
Yapungku orogeny	1.76		Oceania
Albany-Fraser orogeny	1.71	1.02	Oceania
Mangaroon orogeny	1.68	1.62	Oceania
Isan orogeny	1.60		Oceania
Kararan orogeny	1.57	1.55	Oceania
Olarian orogeny	1.45		Oceania
Capricorn orogeny	1.3		Oceania
Musgrave orogeny	1.22	1.12	Oceania
Edmundian orogeny	1.68	1.46	Oceania
Petermann orogeny	.55	.53	Oceania
Delamerian Orogeny	.51		Oceania
Lachlan Orogeny	.54	.44	Oceania
Thomson Orogeny	.51	.49	Oceania
Alice Springs Orogeny	.45	.30	Oceania
Kanimblan Orogeny	.32		Oceania
Hunter-Bowen orogeny	.26	.22	Oceania
Tuhua Orogeny	.37	.33	Oceania
Rangitata Orogeny	.14	.09	Oceania
Kaikoura Orogeny	.03		Oceania
Transamazonian orogeny	2.14	1.94	South America
Guriense orogeny	2.8	2.7	South America
Sunsás orogeny	1.4	1.1	South America
Cariri Velhos orogeny	.54		South America
Brasiliano-Pan African orogeny	.54		South America
Pampean orogeny	.53	.48	South America
Chonide orogeny	.25	.20	South America
Terra Australis Orogen	.54	.23	South America
Famatinian orogeny	.49	.46	South America
San Rafael orogeny	.29	.25	South America
Toco orogeny	.33	.30	South America
Andean orogeny	.20	0	South America