غرافلين، محطة الطاقة النووية

(تم التحويل من Gravelines Nuclear Power Station)
Gravelines Nuclear Power Station
Centrale nucléaire de Gravelines.JPG
Gravelines Nuclear Power Station
الاسم الرسميCentrale Nucléaire de Gravelines
البلدFrance
الموقعGravelines, Nord
الإحداثيات51°00′55″N 02°08′10″E / 51.01528°N 2.13611°E / 51.01528; 2.13611Coordinates: 51°00′55″N 02°08′10″E / 51.01528°N 2.13611°E / 51.01528; 2.13611
الحالةقيد التشغيل
بدء الإنشاء1974
تاريخ التشغيل13 March 1980 (13 March 1980)
المشغلEDF
محطة طاقة نوية
نوع المفاعلPWR
Reactor supplierFramatome
Power generation
Units operational6 × 910 MW
Make and modelAlstom
Nameplate capacity5460 MW
Capacity factor76.9%
Annual net output38,462 GW·h
External links
WebsiteEDF.com
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station is a nuclear power plant located near the commune of Gravelines in Nord, France, approximately 20 km (12 mi) from Dunkerque and Calais. Its cooling water comes from the North Sea. The plant consists of 6 nuclear reactors of 900 MW each. In 2017 the plant produced 31.67 TWh of electric energy, 5.9% of French electricity production.[1] Two reactors entered service in 1980, two in 1981, and two in 1985.

The site employs 1,680 regular employees. اعتبارا من 2 أغسطس 2010 (2010-08-02), it became the second nuclear station anywhere in the world to produce over one thousand terawatt-hours of electricity, following Bruce Nuclear Generating Station in Ontario, Canada, which passed that milestone in 2009.[2][3]

The reactors of Units 5 and 6 were initially intended for export to Iran, but the order was cancelled after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Their design, known as CPY, was the basis for the Chinese CPR-1000.[4] An intermediate derivative is called the M310.[5]

The power station

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الطاقة والانتاج

The plant has six reactors of 910 MW (unit electrical power), two of which entered service in 1980 , two in 1981 and two in 1985 . In 2006 these reactors produced a total of 38.4 TWh of electricity 15 .

With a total net power of 5,460 MW 16 , the Gravelines power station is the second most powerful in Europe, after the Zaporijjia nuclear power station in Ukraine .

In 2005, with 8.6% of national nuclear power, it ensured, with 38.14 TWh (terawatt-hours) 8.1% of national production, thanks to 1,700 employees and 300 subcontracting companies (nearly 1,300 people). In support, that same year, the old EDF thermal power station in Dunkirk was replaced by a new gas-fired power station called “DK6” of 800 MW (megawatts) by GDF. DK6 supplies electricity to Arcelor , but also (for 2 ⁄ 3 of its production) to the European market, producing less CO 2, thanks to modernized technology 17 .

In 2011, 5 of the 6 reactors operated with plutonium fuel: MOX fuel .

  • Plan maquette
    Plan maquette
  • Salle de commande
    Salle de commande
  • Piscine réacteur
    Piscine réacteur
  • Salle des machines
    Salle des machines
  • Réchauffeur en salle des machines
    Réchauffeur en salle des machines
  • Piscine réacteur et machine de chargement
    Piscine réacteur et machine de chargement


انتاج الماء الساخن

  • Part of the heat produced by the plant is also used in a remote heating network to supply a fish farm, the company Aquanord .
  • A 5 km underwater tunnel was dug between the Gravelines nuclear power plant and the Dunkirk LNG terminal. This tunnel is used to convey part of the warm water discharged by the plant in order to heat the liquefied natural gas (LNG) to restore its gaseous form, by bringing it from a temperature of -163° to 3°.
  • Finally, hot water is also used for the internal operation of the plant, in particular to avoid thermal shocks in the circuits.

سمات المفاعلات

The characteristics of the reactors in service are as follows:

Nom du réacteur Modèle Capacité [MW] Exploitant Constructeur Début constr. Raccord. au réseau Mise en service comm.
Thermique (MWt) brute (MWe) Nette (MWe)
Gravelines-1[6] CP1 2785 951 910 EDF Framatome février 1975 mars 1980 novembre 1980
Gravelines-2[7] CP1 2785 951 910 EDF Framatome mars 1975 août 1980 décembre 1980
Gravelines-3[8] CP1 2785 951 910 EDF Framatome décembre 1975 décembre 1980 juin 1981
Gravelines-4[9] CP1 2785 951 910 EDF Framatome avril 1976 juin 1981 oct 1981
Gravelines-5[10] CP1 2785 951 910 EDF Framatome oct 1979 août 1984 janvier 1985
Gravelines-6[11] CP1 2785 951 910 EDF Framatome oct 1979 août 1985 oct 1985

حوادث

  • In 2006 when Unit 3 was taken offline for routine refueling, it was discovered that an electrical wire had not been plugged in correctly during the last outage in 2005. This ranked Level-1 on the INES Scale, the lowest level on the 7-point scale
  • In 2007, the plant experienced four separate events that qualified as Level-1 on the INES Scale.
  • In August 2009, during the annual exchange of fuel bundles in Reactor-1, one bundle got stuck to the upper handling structure, stopping the operations and causing the evacuation and isolation of the reactor's building.[12]

Cooling water

The cooling water that carries waste heat from the plant is used for aquaculture in a location named Route De L'aquaculture.

A local commune of aquafarmers who raise European seabass and gilt-head breams.[بحاجة لمصدر] The warm water helps them grow faster.

Economics

A major OVH datacentre is located next to the power station.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ "PRIS - Country Details".
  2. ^ "French nuclear plant reaches landmark". World Nuclear News. 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2011-11-16.
  3. ^ "IAEA PRIS Database".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "CPR1000 Design, Safety Performance and Operability, slide 16" (PDF). www.iaea.org. International Atomic Energy Agency. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  5. ^ Chinese reactor design evolution, Nuclear Engineering International
  6. ^ Nuclear Power Reactor Details - GRAVELINES-1 على الموقع pris.iaea.org.اطلع عليه يوم 13 août 2020
  7. ^ Nuclear Power Reactor Details - GRAVELINES-2 على الموقع pris.iaea.org.اطلع عليه يوم 13 août 2020
  8. ^ Nuclear Power Reactor Details - GRAVELINES-3 على الموقع pris.iaea.org.اطلع عليه يوم 13 août 2020
  9. ^ Nuclear Power Reactor Details - GRAVELINES-4 على الموقع pris.iaea.org.اطلع عليه يوم 13 août 2020
  10. ^ Nuclear Power Reactor Details - GRAVELINES-5 على الموقع pris.iaea.org.اطلع عليه يوم 13 août 2020
  11. ^ Nuclear Power Reactor Details - GRAVELINES-6 على الموقع pris.iaea.org.اطلع عليه يوم 13 août 2020
  12. ^ "AFP: Incident "significatif" à la centrale nucléaire de Gravelines, dans le Nord". Archived from the original on 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
  13. ^ Teva Meyer (2017-12-11). "Le nucléaire et le territoire : regards sur l'intégration spatiale des centrales en France" (in الفرنسية). ENS Lyon.

External links


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