كلڤر سيتي، كاليفورنيا

(تم التحويل من Culver City, California)
كلڤر سيتي، كاليفورنيا
مدينة
City of Culver City
Culver City Sign based on the marquee of Culver Theater (now Kirk Douglas Theater)
Culver City Sign based on the marquee of Culver Theater (now Kirk Douglas Theater)
علم كلڤر سيتي، كاليفورنيا
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ كلڤر سيتي، كاليفورنيا
Seal
الشعار: 
"The Heart of Screenland"
الموقع في مقاطعة لوس أنجلس
الموقع في مقاطعة لوس أنجلس
الإحداثيات: 34°0′28″N 118°24′3″W / 34.00778°N 118.40083°W / 34.00778; -118.40083Coordinates: 34°0′28″N 118°24′3″W / 34.00778°N 118.40083°W / 34.00778; -118.40083
البلد الولايات المتحدة
الولاية كاليفورنيا
المقاطعةلوس أنجلس
IncorporatedSeptember 20, 1917[1]
السمِيْهاري كلڤر
الحكومة
 • النوعمجلس-مدير
 • العمدةAlbert Vera
 • نائب العمدةياسمين-إيماني مكمورن
 • مجلس المدينةGöran Eriksson
Dan O'Brien
Freddy Puzza
 • City ManagerJohn M. Nachbar[2]
المساحة
[3]
 • الإجمالي5٫14 ميل² (13٫31 كم²)
 • البر5٫11 ميل² (13٫24 كم²)
 • الماء0٫03 ميل² (0٫07 كم²)  0.54%
المنسوب
[4]
95 ft (29 m)
التعداد
 (2020)
 • الإجمالي40٬779
 • الكثافة7٬977٫11/sq mi (3٬080٫15/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
90230–90232, 90066[5]
Area codes310/424[6]
FIPS code06-17568
GNIS feature IDs1652695, 2410276
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.culvercity.org

كلڤر سيتي Culver City هي مدينة في مقاطعة لوس أنجلس، كاليفورنيا، بالولايات المتحدة. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,779.

In the 1920s, the city became a center for film and later television production, best known as the home of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios from 1924 to 1986. From 1932 to 1986, it was the headquarters for the Hughes Aircraft Company. National Public Radio West and Sony Pictures Entertainment have headquarters in the city. The city was named after its founder, Harry Culver. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Los Angeles, but also shares a border with the unincorporated area of Ladera Heights. Over the years, it has annexed more than 40 pieces of adjoining land and now comprises about five square miles (13 km2).

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التاريخ

موقع كلڤر سيتي، 1913


التاريخ المبكر

Archaeological evidence suggests a human presence in the area of present-day Culver City since at least 8000 BC.[7] The region was the homeland of the Tongva-Gabrieliño Native Americans. For centuries, native people lived in areas currently part of and surrounding Culver City.[8][9][10] California's native people were massacred by waves of Spanish, Mexican and Euro-American invaders through a combination of slavery, disease, relocation, forced labor, imprisonment, broken treaties and a genocidal war of extermination, including paid bounties for dead "Indians".[11] The Spanish and Mexican governments offered concessions and land grants from 1785 to 1846 forming the Ranchos of California. Culver City was founded on the lands of the former Rancho La Ballona and Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes.[12] When Culver City was founded, native, Hispanic or Latino people were not allowed to buy property.[13]

During the American Civil War U.S. Army post called Camp Latham was established from 1861 to 1862 on the south bank of Ballona Creek.

كلڤر سيتي

Harry Culver first attempted to establish Culver City in 1913. It was officially incorporated on September 20, 1917, and named after its founder.[14] The area benefited from pre-existing transportation links; Culver's first ads read "All roads lead to Culver City".[8] While this slogan might seem welcoming to all, the city was explicitly founded as a whites-only sundown town, as were most of the suburbs and towns outside the downtown and Central Avenue districts of Los Angeles.[15] Culver ran ads promoting "this model little white city", while his close associate, Guy M. Rush, promoted lot sales "restricted to Caucasian race".[16][17] The city also at times excluded people of non-Christian religious faiths.[13]

The weekly Culver City Call was the first newspaper in the community. The paper was founded in 1915.

The first film studio in Culver City was built by Thomas Ince in 1918 for The Triangle Motion Picture Company. Silent film comedy producer Hal Roach built his studios there in 1919, and Metro Goldwyn Mayer (MGM) took over the Triangle studio complex in 1924.[18] During Prohibition, speakeasies and nightclubs such as the Cotton Club lined Washington Boulevard.

Culver Center, one of Southern California's first shopping malls, was completed in 1950[19] on Venice Boulevard near the Overland Avenue intersection. Many other retail stores, including a Rite Aid and several banks and restaurants, have occupied the center since then.[20]

شركة هيوز للطائرات

Hughes Aircraft opened its Culver City plant in July 1941. There the company built the H-4 Hercules transport (commonly called the "Spruce Goose"). Hughes was also an active subcontractor during World War II. It developed and patented a flexible feed chute for faster loading of machine guns on B-17 bombers, and manufactured electric booster drives for machine guns. Hughes produced more ammunition belts than any other American manufacturer, and built 5,576 wings and 6,370 rear fuselage sections for Vultee BT-13 trainers.[21][22]

Hughes grew after the war, and in 1953 Howard Hughes donated all his stock in the company to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. After he died in 1976, the institute sold the company, which made it the second-best-endowed medical research foundation in the world.[23]

الاستوديوهات (1960s, 1970s and 1980s)

Bicycles parked in front of Culver Theater, Culver City, California, for a 1977 showing of King Kong

The Hal Roach Studios were demolished in 1963. In the late 1960s, much of the MGM backlot acreage (lot 3 and other property on Jefferson Boulevard), and the nearby 28.5 acres (11.5 ha) known as RKO Forty Acres, once owned by RKO Pictures and later Desilu Productions, were sold by their owners. In 1976 the sets were razed to make way for redevelopment. Today, the RKO site is the southern expansion of the Hayden Industrial Tract, while the MGM property has been converted into a subdivision and a shopping center known as Raintree Plaza.

بعث وسط البلدة (ع1990 و ع2000)

In the early 1990s, Culver City launched a successful revitalization program in which it renovated its downtown as well as several shopping centers in the Sepulveda Boulevard corridor near Westfield Culver City. Around the same time, Sony's motion picture subsidiaries, Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures, moved into the former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer lot which was renamed Columbia Studios in 1990 and took on its current name, Sony Pictures Studios, a year later.

There was an influx of art galleries and restaurants on the eastern part of the city, which was formally designated the Culver City Art District.[24]

الجغرافيا

Pedestrian bridge over Ballona Creek

The city is surrounded by the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Mar Vista and Palms to the north; Westchester to the south; Mid-City, West Adams, and Baldwin Hills to the east; the Ladera Heights unincorporated area to the southeast; and the L.A. neighborhoods of Venice and Playa Vista to the west, along with the unincorporated area of Marina Del Rey.

Culver City's major geographic feature is Ballona Creek, which runs northeast to southwest through most of the city before it drains into Santa Monica Bay in Marina Del Rey.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13.2 km2), over 99% of which is land.

الأحياء

The city recognizes 15 neighborhoods within city limits.[25]

  • Blair Hills
  • Blanco-Culver Crest
  • Clarkdale
  • Culver West
  • Downtown Culver City
  • Fox Hills
  • Jefferson
  • Lucerne-Higuera
  • McLaughlin
  • McManus
  • Park East (also known as Carlson Park)
  • Park West (also known as Veterans Park)
  • Studio Village
  • Sunkist Park
  • Washington Culver

المناخ

بيانات مناخ كلڤر سيتي، كاليفورنيا، المعتادة 1991–2020، القصوى 1935-الحاضر
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °ف (°س) 90
(32.2) 		92
(33.3) 		92
(33.3) 		105
(40.6) 		100
(37.8) 		98
(36.7) 		102
(38.9) 		103
(39.4) 		111
(43.9) 		106
(41.1) 		100
(37.8) 		91
(32.8) 		111
(43٫9)
العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 66.6
(19.22) 		66.5
(19.17) 		68.2
(20.11) 		70.8
(21.56) 		72.0
(22.22) 		74.7
(23.72) 		78.0
(25.56) 		79.1
(26.17) 		78.4
(25.78) 		75.8
(24.33) 		70.6
(21.44) 		65.9
(18.83) 		72٫22
(22٫343)
المتوسط اليومي °ف (°س) 57.3
(14.06) 		57.5
(14.17) 		59.5
(15.28) 		61.9
(16.61) 		64.3
(17.94) 		67.5
(19.72) 		70.6
(21.44) 		71.3
(21.83) 		70.3
(21.28) 		66.9
(19.39) 		61.3
(16.28) 		56.6
(13.67) 		63٫75
(17٫639)
الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 48.0
(8.89) 		48.5
(9.17) 		50.8
(10.44) 		53.1
(11.72) 		56.6
(13.67) 		60.3
(15.72) 		63.1
(17.28) 		63.6
(17.56) 		62.2
(16.78) 		57.9
(14.39) 		51.9
(11.06) 		47.3
(8.5) 		55٫28
(12٫931)
الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) 24
(-4.4) 		24
(-4.4) 		31
(-0.6) 		32
(0) 		32
(0) 		43
(6.1) 		46
(7.8) 		43
(6.1) 		40
(4.4) 		39
(3.9) 		28
(-2.2) 		30
(-1.1) 		24
(−4٫4)
هطول inches (mm) 3.25
(82.6) 		3.46
(87.9) 		2.16
(54.9) 		0.60
(15.2) 		0.38
(9.7) 		0.06
(1.5) 		0.02
(0.5) 		0.00
(0) 		0.13
(3.3) 		0.56
(14.2) 		0.94
(23.9) 		2.49
(63.2) 		14٫05
(356٫9)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.9 5.7 4.3 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.3 1.4 2.5 4.9 28٫5
Source #1: NOAA[26]
Source #2: National Weather Service[27]


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السكان

التعداد التاريخي
السنة19201930194019501960197019801990200020102020
تعداد5035٬6698٬97619٬72032٬16334٬45138٬13938٬79338٬81638٬88340٬779
±%—    +1027.0%+58.3%+119.7%+63.1%+7.1%+10.7%+1.7%+0.1%+0.2%+4.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[28]

الجماعات العرقية

According to the 2020 Census, the 5 largest ethnic groups in Culver City, CA are White (Non-Hispanic) (46.5%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (16.1%), White (Hispanic) (15.2%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (8.24%), and Other (Hispanic) (5.57%).[29][30]

مصر الصغيرة

منزل آل فتحي، وفيه لافتتا أسماء شوارع باسم سعد زغلول وصفية زغلول، زعيما ثورة 1919.

الاقتصاد

NPR West, located in a former furniture factory, has had offices in Culver City since 2002.[31]

Corporations with headquarters in Culver City include Beats Audio, MedMen, NantHealth, Sweetgreen and Sony Pictures Entertainment.

أكبر أرباب العمل

According to the city's 2020–21 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[32] the top employers in the city were:

# رب العمل # of Employees
1 Sony Pictures Entertainment 3,000
2 Westfield Culver City 1,500
3 Southern California Hospital at Culver City 1,116
4 NFL Media 957
5 City of Culver City 808
6 Culver City Unified School District 800
7 West Los Angeles College 739
8 Goldrich & Kest Industries, LLC 670
9 Target 507

انتاج الأفلام وبرامج التلفزيون

MGM Studios (now Sony Pictures Studios), 1922

Hundreds of movies have been produced on the lots of Culver City's studios: Sony Pictures Studios (originally MGM Studios), Culver Studios, and the former Hal Roach Studios. In 2017, Amazon Studios announced plans to build a studio in Culver City.[33]

الأعمال

الفنون والثقافة

Piece of Berlin Wall outside the Wende Museum

المتاحف

The Wende Museum possesses a collection of Soviet and East German visual art and everyday artifacts to promote an understanding of Soviet art, history and culture between 1945 and 1991.[36] Additionally, the Museum of Jurassic Technology, founded in 1988 by David Hildebrand Wilson and Diana Drake Wilson provides over 30 permanent exhibits displaying an eclectic mix of items that blend fact and fiction.[37]


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المكتبة

Julian Dixon Library, County of Los Angeles Public Library

The County of Los Angeles Public Library operates the Julian Dixon Culver City Branch.

العمارة

The architecture of Culver City reflects its history as an early location for film studios and, more recently, as a site for architectural experimentation, particularly for the projects of Eric Owen Moss at the Hayden Tract. The architecture office of Morphosis headquartered here. Styles represented include Mission Revival and Colonial Revival from the city's early days, to the PWA Moderne of the 1930s, to modern, postmodern, and deconstructivist styles from the past few decades. Notable architectural landmarks include:[38]

Culver Hotel, built 1925

المنتزهات والترفيه

انظر أيضاً: Ballona Creek Bike Path, Park to Playa Trail, and Culver Boulevard Median Bike Path

The City of Culver City Parks and Recreation department operates 14 outdoor parks within city limits.[42]

الحكومة

Culver City city hall

Culver City has a five-member city council.

In Los Angeles County, Culver City is in the 2nd Supervisorial District, represented by Holly Mitchell.[43]

In the California State Legislature, Culver City is in the 28 Senate District, represented by Republican Jeff Stone, and in the 55 Assembly District, represented by Republican Ling-Ling Chang.[44]

In the United States House of Representatives, Culver City is split between California's 36 congressional district, represented by قالب:Representative/format/pfl, [45] and California's 37 congressional district, represented by قالب:Representative/format/pfl.[46]

التعليم

المدارس

The Culver City Unified School District administers the following public schools:[47]

  • Culver City High School
  • Culver City Middle School
  • Culver City Unified School District iAcademy
  • Culver Park High School
  • El Marino Elementary School
  • El Rincon Elementary School
  • Farragut Elementary School
  • La Ballona Elementary School
  • Linwood E. Howe Elementary School

مدارس خاصة

  • STAR Prep Academy, a middle and high school that shares its campus with an exotic wildlife rescue center.[48]
  • The Willows Community School (elementary and middle school).
  • Turning Point School (elementary and middle school).
  • Kayne Eras Center (school for disabled).
  • Wildwood School (primary through high school).
  • Echo Horizon School (primary through middle school).

الكليات والجامعات

الإعلام

الصحف

الأفلام

Movies filmed or partially filmed in Culver City include:

البرامج التلفزيونية

Television shows filmed or partially filmed in Culver City include:

البنية التحتية

النقل

النقل العام

Platform, Culver City station

The Culver City station of the Los Angeles Metro E Line sits at the Culver Junction near Venice and Robertson Boulevards in Culver City. The E Line provides a light rail connection from Culver City to Downtown Los Angeles to the east and Downtown Santa Monica to the west, mostly following the right-of-way that the Pacific Electric Santa Monica Air Line used, also known as the Exposition Boulevard line. Culver City station was the western terminus of what was then known as the Expo Line from its opening on June 20, 2012, to the opening of Expo Line phase two on May 20, 2016.[49]

Culver CityBus was founded on March 4, 1928, making it the second oldest municipal bus line in California[50] and the oldest public transit bus system still operating in Los Angeles County.[51] Big Blue Bus was founded on April 14, 1928.[51][52] Culver CityBus operates seven regular bus lines as well as a short-term downtown circulator shuttle.

Culver CityBus near Wilshire and Westwood

The Culver City Transit Center in the Westfield Culver City parking serves as a bus depot for three Culver CityBus lines and two Metro bus lines. The Washington Fairfax Hub, just across the border of the City of Los Angeles under the I-10 freeway, connects residents to seven bus lines, two operated by Culver CityBus and five operated by Metro.

The Baldwin Hills Parklands Link is a shuttle service operated by Los Angeles County that stops at Stoneview Nature Center on weekends only.

مسارات الدراجات

Elenda Bikeway, bioswale and two-lane protected section

The city is served by multiple separated bike paths:

السفر جواً

The city is served by the Los Angeles International Airport, about 7 miles (11 km) south of the city. Smaller nearby airports include Santa Monica Airport and Hawthorne Municipal Airport.

الطرق السريعة

Culver City is served by Interstate 405 (San Diego Freeway), Interstate 10 (Santa Monica Freeway), and California State Route 90 (Marina Freeway). California State Route 187 runs along Venice Boulevard in Culver City.

السلامة العامة

Culver City is served by the Culver City Police Department, and the Culver City Fire Department, which operates three stations and a fire training facility.[55][56]

المقابر

Notable people

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