منظم حموضة
منظم الحموضة Acidity regulator أو pH control agents, are food additives used to change or maintain pH (acidity or basicity). They can be organic or mineral acids, bases, neutralizing agents, or buffering agents. Typical agents include the following acids and their sodium salts: sorbic acid, حمض الخل, benzoic acid, and propionic acid.[1] Acidity regulators are indicated by their E number, such as E260 (acetic acid), or simply listed as "food acid".
تختلف منظمات الحموضة عن المحمضات، التي كثيراً ما تكون حامضية ولكنها تضاف لإعطاء نكهات لاذعة. ولا يُقصَد منهم موازنة الطعام، بالرغم من أن ذلك يمكن أن يكون ميزة جانبية.[1]
قائمة منظمي الحموضة
Below is a list of substances commonly used as acidity regulators. When used in food additives, they may instead be known by their E number.[2] Acidity regulators usually have an E number between 200 and 399, depending on their use case.[3] Typical agents include the following acids and their sodium salts, in order by their E number (if applicable):[1][4][5]
- Sorbic acid (E 200)
- Benzoic acid (E 210)
- Acetic acid (E 260)
- Calcium acetate (E 263)
- Lactic acid (E 270)
- Propionic acid (E 280)
- Malic acid (E 296)
- Fumaric acid (E 297)
- Citric acid (E 330)
- Tartaric acid (E 334)
الاستخدام في الطهي
Food-based applications of acidity regulators are used to keep pH stable, as an incorrect pH can result in bacteria growth. They can also be used as a food preservative by means of acidification, which prevents bacteria growth altogether, or as a way to enhance the flavor and/or texture of a food or drink.[2][6]
Acidity regulators differ from acidulants, which are often acidic but are added to confer sour flavors. They are not intended to stabilize the food, although that can be a collateral benefit.[1][7]
استخدامات أخرى
pH control agents are used in fracturing fluids to keep its fluid chemistry consistent, as many of its additives (such as gel polymers) require it to stay at a constant pH range. Without proper pH control, the variability can cause the liquid to destabilize, potentially destroying equipment (via corrosion) and making fracture propagation less efficient.[8][9]
In industrial plants (namely water treatment plants), pH control agents are used to correct the pH of incoming fluids, and in some cases assist in the disinfection of those fluids. An unstable pH can lead to the corrosion or scaling of equipment. The most common chemicals used to adjust pH in industrial plants are sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.[10][11]
In the fishkeeping hobby, pH control agents may be used to keep the pH within a range suitable for the plants and animals living in the enclosure, especially in cases where the carbonate hardness is low.[12][13]
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت ث Erich Lück and Gert-Wolfhard von Rymon Lipinski "Foods, 3. Food Additives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi: 10.1002/14356007.a11_561 خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صالح؛ الاسم "Ullmann" معرف أكثر من مرة بمحتويات مختلفة. - ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةEufic - ^ "Food Additive Standards". www.sigmaaldrich.com (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 18 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
- ^ "Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)". www.hfpappexternal.fda.gov (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 29 Jul 2025. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
- ^ Canada, Health (2006-11-27). "10. List of Permitted Acidity Regulators and Acid-Reacting Materials (Lists of Permitted Food Additives)". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on 15 May 2025.
- ^ "Acidity Regulators: What You Should Know - China Food Additives manufacturer". Reihey Chem (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
- ^ "FAIA - Category: Acidulants". FAIA (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2022-09-05.
- ^ Fink, Johannes (2020-01-01), "Chapter 9 - pH control additives", in Fink, Johannes, Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Fluids Technology (Second Edition), Gulf Professional Publishing, pp. 141–145, ISBN 978-0-12-822071-9
- ^ "High-Performance Buffering Agents for Fracturing & Cementing" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2025-06-09. Retrieved 2025-07-30.
- ^ "pH Control". Pulsafeeder (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 8 July 2025. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
- ^ "pH Adjusters for Water Treatment". ChemREADY (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 22 April 2025. Retrieved 2025-07-30.
- ^ "Aquarium pH Guide: Test, Adjust & Keep It Stable Easily". en.aqua-fish.net. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
- ^ "Marine Water pH Control" (PDF). www.seachem.com. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
 | هذا food ingredient-related article هو بذرة. بإمكانك مساعدة المعرفة بأن تنمـِّـيـه. |