636
► | قرن 6 | << قرن 7 >> | قرن 8 | ◄
► | عقد 600 | عقد 610 | عقد 620 | << عقد 630 >> | عقد 640 | عقد 650 | عقد 660 | ◄
تحويل 1-1-636م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-636م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 636
| الألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 6 - القرن 7 - القرن 8 |
| العقود: | عقد 600 عقد 610 عقد 620 - عقد 630 - عقد 640 عقد 650 عقد 660 |
| السنوات: | 633 634 635 - 636 - 637 638 639 |
| 636 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 636 DCXXXVI |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1389 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 85 ԹՎ ՁԵ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5386 |
| التقويم البهائي | −1208 – −1207 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 43 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1586 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1180 |
| التقويم البورمي | −2 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6144–6145 |
| التقويم الصيني | 乙未年 (الخشب الماعز) 3332 أو 3272 — إلى — 丙申年 (النار القرد) 3333 أو 3273 |
| التقويم القبطي | 352–353 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 1802 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 628–629 |
| التقويم العبري | 4396–4397 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 692–693 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 558–559 |
| - كالي يوگا | 3737–3738 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10636 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −364 – −363 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 14–15 |
| التقويم الهجري | 14–15 |
| التقويم الياباني | N/A |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 636 DCXXXVI |
| التقويم الكوري | 2969 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 1276 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前1276年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1179 |
Year 636 (DCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 636 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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أحداث
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Heraclius assembles a large army (100,000 men) consisting of contingents of Byzantines, Slavs, Franks, Georgians, Armenians, and Christian Arabs.[1]He establishes a base at Yaqusah (near Gadara), close to the edge of the Golan Heights, protecting the vital main road from Egypt to Damascus. The base is protected by deep valleys and precipitous cliffs, well supplied with water and grazing.[2]
- Summer – Heraclius summons a church assembly at Antioch and scrutinises the situation. He accepts the argument that Byzantine disobedience to God is to blame for the Christian disaster in Syria. Heraclius leaves for Constantinople with the words, ‘Peace be with you Syria — what a beautiful land you will be for your enemy’.[3]
Europe
- Chintila is elected by a convention of bishops and nobles (in accordance with the 75th canon of the Fourth Council of Toledo) as ruler of the Visigoths, after the death of King Sisenand.
- Rothari (formerly duke of Brescia) marries widowed Queen Gundeberga, and succeeds Arioald as king of the Lombards. During his reign he puts many insubordinate nobles to death.
Arabia
- August 15–20 – Battle of Yarmouk: In engagements along the Yarmouk River, Muslim forces (25,000 men)[4] of the Rashidun Caliphate led by Khalid ibn al-Walid decisively defeat the armies of the Byzantine Empire, effectively completing the Muslim conquest of Syria. It will be regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history,[5][6] marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests after the death of Muhammad.
- The city of Basra (modern Iraq) is founded on the Shatt al-Arab at the head of the Persian Gulf. The port will become a major trading center for commodities from Arabia, India, and Persia.
- November 16–19 – Battle of al-Qādisiyyah: The Muslim Arab army defeats the Persian forces under Rostam Farrokhzād, at Al-Qādisiyyah (Southern Mesopotamia).
Asia
- The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding (China) is built during the reign of emperor Tai Zong.
By topic
Literature
- The historical texts of the Book of Northern Qi, Book of Chen, and Book of Sui are compiled in China during the Tang dynasty.
Religion
- Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester, converts Cwichelm (son of king Cynegils of Wessex)[7] to Christianity. He dies soon afterward and is supposedly buried at Scutchamer Knob in East Hendred (South East England).
- June 30 – Fifth Council of Toledo: Chintila orders a meeting in the church of St. Leocadia; the bishops accept a decree that only Gothic nobility (with military functions) may be king of the Visigothic Kingdom.
مواليد
- Æthelthryth, Anglo-Saxon princess (تاريخ تقريبي)
- Lambert of Maastricht, bishop (تاريخ تقريبي)
وفيات
- April 4 – Isidore of Seville, archbishop and scholar
- Arioald, king of the Lombards
- Bahman Jadhuyih, Persian general
- Dervan, prince of the Sorbs
- Ecgric, king of East Anglia (تاريخ تقريبي)
- Cwichelm, king of Wessex (تاريخ تقريبي)
- George Pisida, Byzantine poet (تاريخ تقريبي)
- Jalinus, Armenian nobleman
- Rostam Farrokhzād, Persian general (or 637)
- Sa'd ibn Ubadah, companion of Muhammad (تاريخ تقريبي)
- Sisenand, king of the Visigoths
- Theodore Trithyrius, Byzantine general (sacellarius)
- Zhangsun, empress of the Tang dynasty (و. 601)
المراجع
- ^ Al-Waqidi 8th century, p. 100
- ^ Yarmuk 636 A.D.: The Muslim Conquest of Syria. David Nicolle (1994), p. 44. ISBN 1-85532-414-8
- ^ The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750 (2009), David Nicolle, p. 51. ISBN 978-1-84603-273-8
- ^ Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 A.D.:The Muslim Conquest of Syria. Osprey Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.
- ^ Nafziger, George F.; Walton, Mark W. (2003). Islam at War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 0-275-98101-0.
- ^ Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 A.D.: The Muslim Conquest of Syria. Osprey Publishing. pp. 6, 19. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.
- ^ Kirby, p. 51