432 ق.م.
| 432 ق.م. حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
خطأ لوا: Invalid number -431. السنة 432 ق.م. . (الرابط يعرض روزنامة كاملة) من التقويم اليوليوسي. وكان يسبقها سنة 433 ق.م. وتلتها سنة 431 ق.م..
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الأحداث
حسب المكان
مصر
اليونان
- Sparta calls and hosts a conference of the Peloponnesian League. The conference is attended by Athenian representatives as well as members of the League. Following arguments by Corinth against Athens, a majority of the League members vote to declare that the Athenians had broken the peace.[1]
- The Athenian admiral, Phormio, continues the siege of Potidaea by blocking the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth. Meanwhile an Athenian fleet, led by Archestratus, sails for Potidaea. However, instead of attacking Potidaea, they attack the Macedonians under Perdiccas II, who have allied with the Potidaeans. The Athenians capture Therma (modern Thessalonica) and then go on to besiege Pydna. However, as the Athenians are besieging Pydna, they receive news that Corinth has sent a force under the command of Aristeus to support Potidaea. In response, Athens sends more troops and ships under the command of Hipponicus. The combined Athenian force sails to Potidaea and lands there. In the ensuing Battle of Potidaea, the Athenians are victorious against Corinth and its allies.[بحاجة لمصدر]
إيطاليا
الصين
- The Chinese Marquis Yi of Zeng is buried (approximate date) with lavish tomb items including a 65 set of bronze bells (bianzhong) with five octave musical scale and two musical tones that can be produced by each bell. Marquis Yi was from the State of Chu during the Warring States phase of the Zhou Dynasty.[3]
حسب الموضوع
العلوم والفلسفة
- طرد الفيلسوف أناكساگوراس من أثينا. فيؤسس مدرس فلسفية في لامپساكوس.
الفلك
- Meton of Athens, a Greek mathematician and astronomer, calculates accurately the comparative chronology of the solar and lunar cycles. As a result, he introduces the 19-year Metonic cycle into the Athenian calendar as a method of calculating dates. Working with Euctemon, he observes the summer solstice on 27 June.[4]
العمارة
المواليد
الوفيات
المصادر
- ^ Cooley, M. G. L., ed. (2024). Sparta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-00938-277-9.
- ^ Bartoněk, Antonín (1972). Classification of the West Greek Dialects at the Time about 350 B.C. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert. p. 90. OCLC 781564.
- ^ Hui, Yu; Stock, Jonathan P.J. (2023). The Oxford Handbook of Music in China and the Chinese Diaspora. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-19066-198-4.
- ^ Zhmud, Leonid (2006). The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 267–268. ISBN 978-3-11017-966-8.
- ^ Silver, Larry (1993). Art in History. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-13052-333-4.