كليانثس

هذا المقال هو عن the Stoic philosopher. إذا كنت تريد the ancient painter، انظر Cleanthes (artist).
Cleanthes
وُلِدَc. 330 BC
Assos
توفيc. 230 BC
Athens
العصرAncient philosophy
المنطقةGreek philosophy
المدرسةStoicism
الاهتمامات الرئيسية
Physics, Ethics

Cleanthes ( /kliˈænθiːz/; باليونانية: Κλεάνθης Kleanthēs; c. 330 BC – c. 230 BC), of Assos, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and successor to Zeno of Citium as the second head (scholarch) of the Stoic school in Athens. Originally a boxer, he came to Athens where he took up philosophy, listening to Zeno's lectures. He supported himself by working as a water-carrier at night. After the death of Zeno, c. 262 BC, he became the head of the school, a post he held for the next 32 years. Cleanthes successfully preserved and developed Zeno's doctrines. He originated new ideas in Stoic physics, and developed Stoicism in accordance with the principles of materialism and pantheism. Among the fragments of Cleanthes' writings which have come down to us, the largest is a Hymn to Zeus. His pupil was Chrysippus who became one of the most important Stoic thinkers.

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Life

Cleanthes was born in Assos in the Troad about 330 BC.[أ] According to Diogenes Laërtius,[2] he was the son of Phanias, and early in life he was a boxer. With but four drachmae in his possession he came to Athens, where he took up philosophy, listening first to the lectures of Crates the Cynic,[3] and then to those of Zeno, the Stoic. In order to support himself, he worked all night as water-carrier to a gardener (hence his nickname the Well-Water-Collector, باليونانية: Φρεάντλης). As he spent the whole day in studying philosophy with no visible means of support, he was summoned before the Areopagus to account for his way of living. The judges were so delighted by the evidence of work which he produced, that they voted him ten minae, though Zeno would not permit him to accept them. His power of patient endurance, or perhaps his slowness, earned him the title of "the Ass" from his fellow students, a name which he was said to have rejoiced in, as it implied that his back was strong enough to bear whatever Zeno put upon it.


الفيزياء

Modern influence

José Enrique Rodó tells us in his famous essay Ariel that Cleanthes, while performing his night work, sculpted in rocks teachings from Zeno. In this book, Cleanthes is depicted as an inspirational symbol of double activity, utilitarian/material and profound/transcendent too.

Notes

  1. ^ According to Apollodorus as quoted by Philodemus, Cleanthes was born in Aristophanes' archonship (331/0 BC) and died in Jason's Archonship (230/29 BC). Pseudo-Lucian, Valerius Maximus, and Censorinus say that Cleanthes lived to the age of 99 (although Diogenes Laërtius says he died at the age of 80.[1]) Dorandi prefers an age of 101. For more information see Dorandi 1999, p. 38.
  1. ^ "until his death at the same age as Zeno according to some authorities" (Laërtius 1925, § 168–176).
  2. ^ Laërtius 1925, § 168–176
  3. ^ Suda, Cleanthes

References

للاستزادة

وصلات خارجية

Wikisource
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
  •  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cleanthes" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Works by or about كليانثس at Internet Archive
  • Works by كليانثس at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Speaker Icon.svg
  • "Bibliography for Cleanthes" at "A Hellenistic Bibliography", compiled by Martine Cuypers, Trinity College Dublin.
سبقه
زينون الرواقي 		زعيم مدرسة المشائين
262–230 ق.م. 		تبعه
خريسيپوس
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