قائمة الجزيئات فى الفضاء بين النجوم

الجزئ بين نجمي molecules in interstellar space هو جزيء يوجد في السدم السماوية وتطلق الجزيئات موجات راديوية يمكن التقاطها من خلال التلسكوبات ز وهناك أكثر من خمسين من الجزيئات معروفة في الكون وإن كثيرا منها يحتوي على كربون.

كشفها

جزيئات

Carbon monoxide is frequently used to trace the distribution of mass in molecular clouds.[1]

ثنائي الذرة

Molecule Designation Ions
AlCl Aluminium monochloride[2][3] —
AlF Aluminium monofluoride[4][2] —
AlO Aluminium monoxide[5] —
C2 Carbon dimer[6][7] —
— Fluoromethylidynium CF+[8]
CH Methylidyne radical[9] CH+[10]
CN Cyanogen radical[11][12][2][9] —
CO Carbon monoxide[2] CO+[13]
CP Carbon monophosphide[12] —
CS Carbon monosulfide[2] —
FeO Iron(II) oxide[14] —
H2 Molecular hydrogen[15] —
HCl Hydrogen chloride[16] —
HF Hydrogen fluoride[17] —
HN Nitrogen monohydride[18] —
HO Hydroxyl radical[2] —
KCl Potassium chloride[2][3] —
N2 Molecular nitrogen[19] —
NO Nitric oxide[20] —
NS Nitrogen sulfide[2] —
NaCl Sodium chloride[2][3] —
O2 Molecular oxygen[21] —
PN Phosphorus nitride[22] —
PO Phosphorus monoxide[23] —
SH Sulfur hydride[24] SH+[25]
SO Sulfur monoxide[2] SO+[10]
SiC Carborundum[26][2] —
SiN Silicon mononitride[2] —
SiO Silicon monoxide[2] —
SiS Silicon monosulfide[2] —
The H3+ cation is one of the most abundant ions in the universe. It was first detected in 1993.[27][28]

ثلاثي الذرات

Molecule Designation Ions
AlNC Aluminum isocyanide[2] —
C3 Tricarbon[7] —
C2H Ethynyl radical[2][11] —
C2O Dicarbon monoxide[29] —
C2S Thioxoethenylidene[30] —
C2P [31] —
CO2 Carbon dioxide[32] —
— Protonated molecular hydrogen H3+[33][34]
H2C Methylene[35] —
H2O Water[36] —
H2S Hydrogen sulfide[2] —
HCN Hydrogen cyanide[37][2][11] —
HCO Formyl radical[38] HCO+[39][38][10]
HCP Phosphaethyne[40] —
— Thioformyl HCS+[39][10]
HNC Hydrogen isocyanide[41] —
— Diazenylium HN2+[39]
HNO Nitroxyl[42] —
— Isoformyl HOC+[11]
KCN Potassium cyanide[2] —
MgCN Magnesium cyanide[2] —
MgNC Magnesium isocyanide[2] —
NH2 Amino radical[43] —
— — N2H+[44][10]
N2O Nitrous oxide[45] —
NaCN Sodium cyanide[2] —
OCS Carbonyl sulfide[46] —
SO2 Sulfur dioxide[47][2] —
c-SiC2 c-Silicon dicarbide[2][26] —
SiCN Silicon carbonitride[48] —
SiNC Silicon naphthalocyanine[49] —
Formaldehyde is an organic molecule that is widely distributed in the interstellar medium.[50]

أربع ذرات

Molecule Designation Ions
l-C3H Propynylidyne[51][2]  —
c-C3H Cyclopropynylidyne[52] —
C3N Cyanoethynyl[53] C3N−[54]
C3O Tricarbon monoxide[51] —
C3S Tricarbonsulfide[2][30] —
— Hydronium H3O+[55]
C2H2 Acetylene[56] —
H2CN Methylene amidogen[57] H2CN+[10]
H2CO Formaldehyde[58] —
H2CS Thioformaldehyde[59] —
HCCN —[60]  —
— Protonated hydrogen cyanide HCNH+[39]
— Protonated carbon dioxide HOCO+[61]
HCNO Fulminic acid[62] —
HNCO Isocyanic acid[47] —
HNCS Isothiocyanic acid[63] —
NH3 Ammonia[64][2] —
SiC3 Silicon tricarbide[2]  —
Methane, the primary component of natural gas, has also been detected on comets and in the atmosphere of several planets in the Solar System.[65]

خمس ذرات

Molecule Designation Ions
C5 —[7]  —
CH4 Methane[66][56] —
c-C3H2 Cyclopropenylidene[67][68][11] —
l-H2C3 Propadienylidene[68] —
H2CCN Cyanomethyl[69] —
H2C2O Ketene[47] —
H2CNH Methylenimine[70] —
— Protonated formaldehyde H2COH+[71]
C4H Butadiynyl[2] C4H–[72]
HC3N Cyanoacetylene[73][2][11][39][68]  —
HCC-NC Isocyanoacetylene[74] —
HCOOH Formic acid[68] —
NH2CN Cyanamide[75] —
HC(O)CN Cyanoformaldehyde[76] —
SiC4 Silicon-carbide cluster[26] —
SiH4 Silane[77] —
In the ISM, the acid formamide (above) can combine with methylene to form acetamide.[78]

ست ذرات

Molecule Designation Ions
c-H2C3O Cyclopropenone[79] —
C2H4 Ethylene[56] —
CH3CN Acetonitrile[80][47] —
CH3NC Methyl isocyanide[80] —
CH3OH Methanol[47] —
CH3SH Methanethiol[81] —
l-H2C4 —[82][2]  —
— Protonated cyanoacetylene HC3NH+[39]
HCONH2 Formamide[78] —
C5H Pentynylidyne[2][30] —
HC2CHO Propynal[83] —
HC4N —[2]  —
CH2CNH Ketenimine[67] —
Acetaldehyde (above) and its isomers vinyl alcohol and ethylene oxide have all been detected in interstellar space.[84]

سبع ذرات

Molecule Designation Ions
c-C2H4O Ethylene oxide[85] —
CH3C2H Methylacetylene[11] —
H3CNH2 Methylamine[86] —
CH2CHCN Acrylonitrile[47][80] —
H2CHCOH Vinyl alcohol[84] —
C6H Hexatriynyl[2][30] C6H–[87][68]
HC4CN Cyanodiacetylene[47][80][73] —
CH3CHO Acetaldehyde[2][85] —
The radio signature of acetic acid, a compound found in vinegar, was confirmed in 1997.[88]

تسع ذرات

Molecule Designation Ions
CH3C4H Methyldiacetylene[89] —
CH3OCH3 Dimethyl Ether[90] —
CH3CH2CN Propionitrile[2][47][80][68] —
CH3CONH2 Acetamide[78][67] —
CH3CH2OH Trans-Ethyl Alcohol[91] —
C8H Octatetraynyl[92] C8H–[93][94]
HC7N Cyanohexatriyne or Cyanotriacetylene[2][64][95][96]  —
CH3CHCH2 Propylene (propene)[97]  —

عشرة ذرات

Atoms Molecule Designation Ions
10 (CH3)2CO Acetone[98][47] —
10 CH3CH2CHO Propanal[67] —
10 CH3C5N Methyl-cyano-diacetylene[67] —
11 HC8CN Cyanotetra-acetylene[2][95] —
11 C2H5OCHO Ethyl formate[99] —
11 CH3C6H Methyltriacetylene[89][67] —
11 H3COC2H5 trans-ethyl methyl ether[100][101] —
12 C6H6 Benzene[82] —
12 C3H7CN n-propyl cyanide[99] —
13 HC10CN Cyanodecapentayne[95] —

غير مؤكدة

Molecule Designation
H2NH2CCOOH Glycine[102][103]
CO(CH2OH)2 1,3-dihydroxypropanone[104]
C10H8+ Naphthalene cation[105]

أنظر أيضا

المصادر

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