إعصار إستوائي

إعصار كاترينا، إعصار إستوائي جنوب أطلنطي نادر، كما شوهد من المحطة الفضائية الدولية في مارس 2004

أعاصير إستوائية
التكون والتسمية
التطور - البنية التسمية - القوائم الإستوائية - القائمة الكاملة
التأثيرات
التأثيرات الترقب والتحذير Storm surge - عواصف هامة أسماء متقاعدة (الأطلسي - شرق الهادي - غرب الهادي)
علم المناخ والتتبع
الأحواض - RSMCs - TCWCs - المقاييس المراقبة - التوقع توقع الأمطار علم مناخ سقوط الأمطار
جزء من سلسلة الطبيعة: الطقس

الإعصار الاستوائي هو نظام عاصفة يتميز بمركز منخفض الضغط وعدد كبير من العواصف الرعدية التي تؤدي إلى رياح قوية وأمطار فيضانات.

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 البنية الطبيعية

انظر أيضاً: عين (إعصار)

Structure of a tropical cyclone

 العين والمركز

Size descriptions of tropical cyclones
ROCI	النوع
Less than 2 degrees latitude	Very small/midget
2 to 3 degrees of latitude	Small
3 to 6 degrees of latitude	Medium/Average
6 to 8 degrees of latitude	Large
Over 8 degrees of latitude	Very large

 الميكانيكا

Tropical cyclones form when the energy released by the condensation of moisture in rising air causes a positive feedback loop over warm ocean waters.

 الأحواض الرئيسية ومراكز الإنذار المناظرة

المقالة الرئيسية: Tropical cyclone basins, Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre, and Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre

Basins and WMO Monitoring Institutions Basin Responsible RSMCs and TCWCs Northern Atlantic National Hurricane Center (United States) Northeastern Pacific National Hurricane Center (United States) North Central Pacific Central Pacific Hurricane Center (United States) Northwestern Pacific Japan Meteorological Agency Northern Indian Ocean India Meteorological Department Southwestern Indian Ocean Météo-France South and Southwestern Pacific Fiji Meteorological Service Meteorological Service of New Zealand† Papua New Guinea National Weather Service† Bureau of Meteorology† (Australia) Southeastern Indian Ocean Bureau of Meteorology† (Australia) Meteorological and Geophysical Agency† (Indonesia) †: Indicates a Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre

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Map of the cumulative tracks of all tropical cyclones during the 1985–2005 time period. المحيط الهادي غرب خط التاريخ الدولي sees more tropical cyclones than any other basin, while there is almost no activity in the Atlantic Ocean south of the Equator.

Map of all tropical cyclone tracks from 1945 to 2006. Equal-area projection.

 التكون

المقالة الرئيسية: Tropical cyclogenesis

 المرات

Season lengths and seasonal averages
Basin	Season start	Season end	Tropical Storms (>34 knots)	Tropical Cyclones (>63 knots)	Category 3+ TCs (>95 knots)
Northwest Pacific	April	January	26.7	16.9	8.5
South Indian	November	April	20.6	10.3	4.3
Northeast Pacific	May	November	16.3	9.0	4.1
North Atlantic	June	November	10.6	5.9	2.0
Australia Southwest Pacific	November	April	10.6	4.8	1.9
North Indian	April	December	5.4	2.2	0.4

 العوامل

Waves in the trade winds in the Atlantic Ocean—areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind—create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.

 الحركة والمسار

 Coriolis effect

Infrared image of a powerful southern hemisphere cyclone, Monica, near peak intensity, showing clockwise rotation due to the Coriolis effect

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 التفاعل مع the mid-latitude westerlies

Storm track of Typhoon Ioke, showing recurvature off the Japanese coast in 2006

 التشتت

 العوامل

Tropical Storm Franklin, an example of a strongly sheared tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Basin during 2005

 التأثيرات

The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in Gulfport, Mississippi. Katrina was the costliest tropical cyclone in world history.

 الرصد والتنبؤ

 الرصد

المقالة الرئيسية: Tropical cyclone observation

Sunset view of Hurricane Isidore's rainbands photographed at 7,000 feet (2,100 m)

A general decrease in error trends in tropical cyclone path prediction is evident since the 1970s

 التصنيفات والمصطلحات والتسمية

 تصنيفات الشدة

المقالة الرئيسية: مقاييس الأعاصير الإستوائية

Three tropical cyclones at different stages of development. The weakest (left), demonstrates only the most basic circular shape. A stronger storm (top right) demonstrates spiral banding and increased centralization, while the strongest (lower right) has developed an eye.

 أصول تعبيرات العواصف

Taipei 101 endures a typhoon in 2005

 أهم الأعاصير الإستوائية

المقالة الرئيسية: List of notable tropical cyclones, List of Atlantic hurricanes, and List of Pacific hurricanes

The relative sizes of Typhoon Tip, Cyclone Tracy, and the United States

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 أنواع أعاصير ذات علاقة

Subtropical Storm Gustav in 2002

 انظر أيضاً

• Hurricane Alley
• Hypercane
• List of wettest tropical cyclones by country
• Secondary flow in tropical cyclones

المواسم السنوية

• List of Atlantic hurricane seasons (current)
• List of North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons (current)
• List of Pacific hurricane seasons (current)
• List of Pacific typhoon seasons (current)
• List of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons (current)

التوقع والاستعداد

• Catastrophe modeling
• Hurricane Engineering
• Hurricane preparedness
• Hurricane proof building
• Tropical cyclone watches and warnings

 وصلات خارجية

ابحث عن إعصار إستوائي في
قاموس المعرفة.

مراجع تعليمية

• Economic Costs of Hurricanes and associated Economic Benefits from Improved Forecasting
• FEMA for Kids: Hurricanes
• Mariner's Guide for Hurricane AwarenessPDF (1.23 MiB)
• Is Global Climate Change Affecting Hurricanes?
• NOVA science now: Hurricanes
• Surviving a hurricane – A guide for children and youth
• Summary of cyclone terminology from NOAA FAQ
• Tropical Storms Worldwide – by Hawaii University
• WMO guide on cyclone terminology
• World Meteorological Organization Severe Weather Information Center – Shows all current tropical systems worldwide and their tracks

Regional specialised meteorological centers

• Canadian Hurricane Centre - Canadian Maritimes
• Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency - Caribbean region
• Caribbean Hurricane Network - Caribbean region
• Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
• Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific east of 160°, north of 25° S
• India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
• Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
• Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from Africa to 90° E
• US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific

عواصف سابقة

• Digital Typhoon: Typhoon Images and Information
• Global climatology of tropical cyclones
• Global ISCCP B1 Browse System Satellite Archive- by ISCCP
• Unisys historical and contemporary hurricane track data
• United States Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Climatology – Nearly 30 years of tropical cyclone histories with an emphasis on storm total rainfall, in color, up to present. Broken up by year, region, by point of landfall, and North American countries impacted
• Interactive hurricane tracking map - Includes hurricane data all the way back to the 1850s