روزالند فرانكلن

(تم التحويل من روزالند فرانكلين)
روزالند فرانكلن Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Franklin.jpg
روزالند فرانكلن
وُلِدَ25 July 1920
توفي16 ابريل 1958 (سنها 37)
سبب الوفاةسرطان المبيض
الجنسيةبريطانية
المدرسة الأمNewnham College, كمبردج
اللقبFine structure of coal and graphite, DNA structure, viruses
السيرة العلمية
المجالاتX-ray crystallography
الهيئاتBritish Coal Utilisation Research Association
Laboratoire central des services chimiques de l'État
King's College London
Birkbeck College, London
فرانكلن في معملها

روزالند السي فرانكلن (25 يوليو 1920 - 16 ابريل 1958) ، هيبيولوجية إنجليزية وخبيرة في التصوير الإشعاعي وكان لها مسهامات هامة في فهم البنية الجزيئية للدنا, الفيروسات, الفحم والجرافيت. وقد اشتهرت فرانكلن لعملها X-ray diffraction images of DNA. وكان البيانات التي قدمتها فرانكلن لجيمس واطسون وفرانسيس كريك لها أكبر الأثير في مساعدتهم في إكشتاف بنية الدنا.

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خلفية

التعليم الجامعي

روزالند فرانكلن
البنية الجزيئية للأحماض النووية
Rosalind franklin 2.jpg
وليام أستبري اوزوالد أڤري
فرانسيس كريك إروين تشارگاف
جري دنهيو روزالند فرانكلن
فوبس لڤين لاينس پولنگ
إرڤين شرودنگر ألكس ستوكس
جيمس واطسون موريس ولكنز
ماكس دلبروك ريموند گوسلنگ
سير جون راندل هربرت ولسون

British Coal Utilisation Research Association

Laboratoire central des services chimiques de l'État

كلية كينجز,لندن

Franklin and Gosling death notice for a helical structure for crystalline DNA (or A-DNA)

كلية بيركبك, لندن

Electronmicrograph of Tobacco Mosaic Virus

المرض والموت

مقبرة روزالند فرنكلن (1920 -1958)

جدل بعد الموت

التحيز الجنسي في كلية كينجز

المساهمة في نموذج الدنا

اعترافا بما قدمته من مساهمة لنموذج الدنا

جائزة نوبل

تكريم بعد الإعتراف

  • 2005, the wording on the DNA sculpture (which was donated by James Watson) outside Clare College's Thirkill Court, Cambridge, England is a) on the base: i) "These strands unravel during cell reproduction. Genes are encoded in the sequence of bases." and ii) "The double helix model was supported by the work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.", as well as b) on the helices: i) "The structure of DNA was discovered in 1953 by Francis Crick and James Watson while Watson lived here at Clare." and ii) "The molecule of DNA has two helical strands that are linked by base pairs Adenine - Thymine or Guanine - Cytosine." [1]
  • An Honorary 2008 Horwitz Prize will be awarded by Columbia University to Rosalind Franklin, Ph.D., posthumously, "for her seminal contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA".[2]


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ملاحظات

  1. ^ Iota Sigma Pi professional awards recipients
  2. ^ أ ب ت Maddox, p. 322
  3. ^ Sir Aaron Klug opens new Laboratory
  4. ^ NPG pictures
  5. ^ Maddox, p. 323
  6. ^ "seventh annual Rosalind E. Franklin Award for Women in Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute's Intramural Scientific Retreat [which] honors the commitment of women in cancer research and is given in tribute to chemist Rosalind Franklin, who played a critical role in the discovery of the DNA double helix." The JHU Gazette, Johns Hopkins University, March 17 2008 For the Record: Cheers
  7. ^ The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award (2003): The Royal Society web page. Retrieved 21 July 2006.
  8. ^ Dedication of Rosalind Franklin University

المصادر

  • Bryson, B. A Short History of Nearly Everything. (2004). Black Swan ISBN 0-552-99704-8.
  • Crick, F., H., C. and Watson, J., D. Molecular structure of nucleic acids (1953) Nature 171 pp. 737-738.
  • Crick, F. H. C. What Mad Pursuit, (1988). Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-09137-7.
  • Elkin, L., O. Rosalind Franklin and the Double Helix Physics Today March 2003, pp. 42-48.
  • Franklin RE (1950). "Influence of the bonding electrons on the scattering of X-rays by carbon". Nature. 165 (4185): 71. PMID 15403103. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Ferry, Georgina, 2007. Max Perutz and the Secret of Life. Published in the UK by Chatto & Windus (ISBN 0-701-17695-4), and in the USA by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
  • Franklin, R and Gosling, R., G. Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate Nature volume 171 pages 740-741. (1953)full text.
  • Franklin, R.E. and Gosling, R.G. authors of papers received 6 March 1953: Acta Cryst. (1953). 6, 673 The Structure of Sodium Thymonucleate Fibres I. The Influence of Water Content II. The Cylindrically Symmetrical Patterson Function
  • Franklin, R.E. "Structure of tobacco mosaic virus." Nature 175:379-381 (1955).
  • Franklin, R.E. (1956) "Location of the ribonucleic acid in the tobacco mosaic virusparticle." Nature 177:928.
  • Holt, J. (2002) "Photo Finish: Rosalind Franklin and the great DNA race" The New Yorker October
  • Judson, Horace Freeland, "The Eighth Day of Creation:Makers of the Revolution in Biology" ( London: Jonathan Cape,1979),Penguin,1995;expanded edtion;New York:Cold Spring Harbor Press,1996).
  • Maddox, B. Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA (2002). Harper Collins ISBN 0-00-655211-0.
  • Wilkins, M., The Third Man of the Double Helix, an autobiography (2003) Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-280667-X.
  • Nobel Prize (1962). The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962, for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material, Nobelprize.org
  • Olby, R., "The Path to the Double Helix"(London:Macmillan,1974)
  • Sayre, A. 1975. Rosalind Franklin and DNA. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-32044-8.
  • Segev, T. One Palestine, Complete, (2000) (ISBN 0-349-11286-X) Abacus History.
  • Stent, Gunther, editor. "Critical Edition of The Double Helix"(1980) W.W. Norton Co, New York and London. ISBN 0-393-95075-1.
  • Watson, J. Letter to Science, 164, p. 1539, 27 (1969).
  • Yockey, H. P. Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life (2005).

قراءات إضافية

  • Brown, Andrew; "J. D. Bernal: The Sage of Science", Oxford University Press, 2005; ISBN 0-199-20565-5
  • Chomet, S. (Ed.), D.N.A. Genesis of a Discovery. Newman-Hemisphere Press (1994): NB a few copies are available from Newman-Hemisphere at 101 Swan Court, London SW3 5RY (phone/fax: 07092 060530).
  • Crick, Francis (1988) "What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery" (Basic Books reprint edition, 1990) ISBN 0-465-09138-5
  • Dickerson, Richard E.; "Present at the Flood: How Structural Molecular Biology Came About", Sinauer, 2005; ISBN 0-878-93168-6;
  • Hager, Thomas; "Force of Nature: The Life of Linus Pauling", Simon & Schuster 1995; ISBN 0-684-80909-5
  • Freeland Judson, Horace (1996) [1977]. The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology (Expanded edition ed.). Plainview, N.Y: CSHL Press. ISBN 0-87969-478-5. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  • Glynn, Jennifer Franklin. "Rosalind Franklin, 1920 - 1958" in "Cambridge Women: Twelve Portraits" (CUP 1996) pp 267 - 282 eds. Edward Shils and Carmen Blacker, ISBN 0521482879
  • Klug, A. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article on R.E. Franklin, OUP, Matthew H.C.G. Ed., first published Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2007, 1840 words; ISBN 019861411X; was selected "Life of The Day" on 16th April 2008 (50th anniversary of her death).
  • Klug, A. A lecture about Rosalind Franklin's contribution to the elucidation of the structure of DNA. in DNA Changing Science and Society: The Darwin Lectures for 2003 Krude, Torsten (Ed.) CUP (2003)
  • Olby, Robert, (1972) 'Rosalind Elsie Franklin' biography in "Dictionary of Scientific Biography", ed. Charles C. Gillespie (New York: Charles Scribner's sons) ISBN: ISBN 0684101211
  • Olby, Robert, The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA, (1974). MacMillan ISBN 0-486-68117-3
  • "Quiet debut for the double helix" by Professor Robert Olby, Nature 421 (January 23, 2003): 402-405.
  • Tait, Sylvia & James "A Quartet of Unlikely Discoveries" (Athena Press 2004) ISBN 184401343X
  • Watson, James D. (1980). The double helix: A personal account of the discovery of the structure of DNA. Norton. ISBN 0-393-01245-X.
  • Wilkins, Maurice, "The Third Man of The Double Helix", OUP 2003; ISBN 978-0-19-280667-3.

وصلات خارجية

مقالات

Franklin, S.*My aunt, the DNA pioneer

Piper, A.*Light on a Dark Lady, republished article from Trends in Biochemical Science

وثائق

BBC docudrama (that is very accurate) "Life Story" aka in the USA "Race for the Double Helix"

منشورات ومختارات

DNA-fragment-3D-vdW.png أبـحــاث بـنـيـة الـدنـا في كلـيـة المـلك بلـندن 1947-1959
روزالند فرانكلن | ريموند گوسلنگ | جون راندل | ألكس ستوكس | موريس ولكنز | هربرت ولسون