جمهورية شقيقة
الجمهورية الشقيقة (فرنسية: république sœur ) هي جمهورية أسستها الجيوش الفرنسية أو الثوريون المحليون وساعدتها الجمهورية الفرنسية الأولى أثناء الحروب الثورية الفرنسية. These republics, though nominally independent, relied heavily on France for protection, making them more akin to autonomous territories rather than independent states. This became particularly evident after the declaration of the French Empire, when several states were annexed, and the remaining turned into monarchies ruled by members of the Bonaparte family.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التاريخ
The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 until 1799. The Republicans who overthrew the monarchy were driven by ideas of popular sovereignty, rule of law and representative democracy. The Republicans borrowed ideas and values from Whiggism and Enlightenment philosophers. The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe. According to Paul D. Van Wie most of these sister republics became a means of controlling occupied lands as client regimes through a mix of French and local power.[1]
الجمهوريات الشقيقة في إيطاليا
Subalpine Republic (1800–1802) ضمتها الجمهورية الفرنسية
Piedmontese Republic (1798–1799), conquered by Austro-Russian troops and rendered back to Sardinia, but reconquered by Napoleon in 1800 and renamed Subalpine Republic (Novara to the Italian Republic)
جمهورية ألبا (1796) استعادتها مملكة سردينيا
Parthenopean Republic (1799) reconquered by the Sanfedisti لملك ناپولي وصقلية
جمهورية پسكاريا (1799) re-united with the مملكة ناپولي
الجمهورية الرومانية (1798–1799) ended مع استعادة الدويلات الپاپوية
Anconine Republic (1797–1798) joined Roman Republic
Tiberina Republic (1798–1799) joined Roman Republic
Ligurian Republic (1797–1805) annexed to the French Empire
جمهورية لوكا (1799 and 1800–01), later continued (1801–05) under the old oligarchy and it was replaced by the Principality of Lucca and Piombino
Italian Republic (1802–1805) transformed into the مملكة إيطاليا
Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802) transformed into the Italian Republic
Cispadane Republic (1796–1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic
- الجمهورية البولونية (1796) annexed to the Cispadane Republic
Transpadane Republic (1796–1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic
جمهورية كريما (1797) شكلت the Cisalpine Republic
- جمهورية برگامو (1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic
- Republic of Brescia (1797) annexed to the Cisalpine Republic
الجمهوريات الشقيقة الأخرى
Republic of Bouillon (1794–1795)
جمهورية لييج (1789–1791)
- Rauracian Republic (1792–1793) revolutionary French republic في بازل
- Lémanique Republic (1798) joined the Helvetic Republic
- جمهورية ماينز (1793) revolutionary French republic in Rhenish Hesse and the Electoral Palatinate
Batavian Republic (1795–1806) Netherlands
Cisrhenian Republic (1797) Germany
Irish Republic (1798) accompanied Humbert's Irish expedition in support of the التمرد الأيرلندي 1798
Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) Switzerland
Republic of Danzig (1807–1814)
Rhodanic Republic (1802–1810) (Valais)
المراجع
- ^ Van Wie, Paul D. (1999). Image, History, and Politics: The Coinage of Modern Europe. pp. 116–7. ISBN 9780761812227. Retrieved 24 June 2015.