تسكالوسا، ألباما
تسكالوسا، ألباما
Tuscaloosa, Alabama | |
|---|---|
| City of Tuscaloosa | |
 View of Downtown Tuscaloosa from Greensboro Avenue | |
 Seal | |
| الكنية: Druid City, Title Town, T-Town, City of Champions | |
| الشعار: "Together we can build a bridge to the future." | |
 Location of Tuscaloosa in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama | |
  تسكالوسا، ألباما Location in the United States | |
| الإحداثيات: 33°12′24″N 87°32′5″W / 33.20667°N 87.53472°WCoordinates: 33°12′24″N 87°32′5″W / 33.20667°N 87.53472°W | |
| البلد |  الولايات المتحدة |
| الولاية |  ألباما |
| County | تسكالوسا |
| Incorporated | December 13, 1819[1] |
| الحكومة | |
| • النوع | Mayor-Council |
| • Mayor | Walt Maddox |
| • رئيس المجلس | Cynthia Almond |
| المساحة | |
| • مدينة | 72٫02 ميل² (186٫52 كم²) |
| • البر | 61٫94 ميل² (160٫43 كم²) |
| • الماء | 10٫07 ميل² (26٫09 كم²) |
| المنسوب | 222 ft (68 m) |
| التعداد (2020) | |
| • مدينة | 99٬600 |
| • الترتيب | US: 313th AL: 5th |
| • الكثافة | 1٬607٫93/sq mi (620٫83/km2) |
| • Urban | 139٬114 (US: 233rd) |
| • العمرانية | 235٬628 (US: 190th AL: 5th) |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC−6 (CST) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 35401-35407, 35485-35487 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | 205 & 659 |
| FIPS code | 01-77256 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0153742 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
تسكالوسا (Tuscaloosa ؛ /ˌtʌskəˈluːsə/ TUS-kə-LOO-sə) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west-central Alabama, United States,[3] on the Black Warrior River where the Gulf Coastal and Piedmont plains meet. Alabama's fifth-largest city, it had an estimated population of 101,129 in 2019. It was known as Tuskaloosa until the early 20th century.[4] It is also known as the Druid City because of the numerous water oaks planted in its downtown streets since the 1840s.
Incorporated on December 13, 1819, it was named after Tuskaloosa, the chief of a band of Muskogean-speaking people defeated by the forces of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1540 in the Battle of Mabila, in what is now central Alabama.[5] It served as Alabama's capital city from 1826 to 1846.
Tuscaloosa is the regional center of industry, commerce, healthcare and education for the area of west-central Alabama known as West Alabama; and the principal city of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Tuscaloosa, Hale and Pickens counties.
It is the home of the University of Alabama, Stillman College and Shelton State Community College. While it attracted international attention when Mercedes-Benz announced on September 30, 1993 that it would build its first North American automotive assembly plant in Tuscaloosa County,[6] the University of Alabama remains the city's dominant economic and cultural engine, making it a college town. City leaders adopted the moniker "The City of Champions" after the Alabama Crimson Tide football team won the BCS National Championship in their 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017 and 2020 seasons.
In 2008, Tuscaloosa hosted the USA Olympic Triathlon trials for the Beijing Games.[7] Through the 2000s and 2010s, it has been declared the "Most Livable City in America",[8] one of America's "100 Best Communities for Young People",[9] one of the "50 Best College Towns", and one of the "Best Places to Launch a Small Business".[10]
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التاريخ
الأمريكان الأصليون
In 1828, Andrew Jackson was elected president of the United States. He had gained popularity when he defeated the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814, following victories in the War of 1812. He long proposed Indian removal to an Indian Territory to be established west of the Mississippi, to make land available in the Southeast for European-American settlement.[11] Jackson abandoned the policy of his predecessors of treating different Indian groups as separate nations.[11] Instead, he aggressively pursued plans to move all Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River.[11]
إعلان الولاية وأصل الاسم
أفق المدينة
Major areas of Tuscaloosa city proper include:
- West Tuscaloosa
- Central/Midtown Tuscaloosa
- Downtown Tuscaloosa
- The University of Alabama main campus
- Alberta City
- North River
- Hillcrest
الجغرافيا
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ تسكالوسا، ألباما (مطار تسكالوسا الإقليمي)، 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °ف (°س) | 82 (27.8) |
86 (30) |
88 (31.1) |
94 (34.4) |
98 (36.7) |
105 (40.6) |
107 (41.7) |
107 (41.7) |
104 (40) |
101 (38.3) |
89 (31.7) |
82 (27.8) |
107 (41٫7) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 55.7 (13.17) |
60.2 (15.67) |
68.3 (20.17) |
75.5 (24.17) |
83.0 (28.33) |
89.2 (31.78) |
91.6 (33.11) |
91.2 (32.89) |
87.0 (30.56) |
76.9 (24.94) |
65.6 (18.67) |
57.9 (14.39) |
75٫2 (24) |
| المتوسط اليومي °ف (°س) | 45.7 (7.61) |
49.6 (9.78) |
56.9 (13.83) |
63.8 (17.67) |
72.2 (22.33) |
79.1 (26.17) |
81.9 (27.72) |
81.5 (27.5) |
76.3 (24.61) |
65.2 (18.44) |
54.2 (12.33) |
48.0 (8.89) |
64٫5 (18٫06) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 35.7 (2.06) |
38.9 (3.83) |
45.5 (7.5) |
52.0 (11.11) |
61.3 (16.28) |
69.0 (20.56) |
72.3 (22.39) |
71.7 (22.06) |
65.6 (18.67) |
53.4 (11.89) |
42.8 (6) |
38.2 (3.44) |
53٫9 (12٫17) |
| الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) | -1 (-18.3) |
5 (-15) |
12 (-11.1) |
29 (-1.7) |
36 (2.2) |
45 (7.2) |
54 (12.2) |
53 (11.7) |
37 (2.8) |
23 (-5) |
10 (-12.2) |
2 (-16.7) |
−1 (−18٫3) |
| هطول inches (mm) | 4.97 (126.2) |
5.37 (136.4) |
4.82 (122.4) |
5.00 (127) |
3.64 (92.5) |
4.67 (118.6) |
4.17 (105.9) |
4.36 (110.7) |
3.40 (86.4) |
3.54 (89.9) |
4.52 (114.8) |
5.06 (128.5) |
53٫52 (1٬359٫4) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.3 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 11.1 | 10.7 | 7.6 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 10.7 | 117٫7 |
| Source: NOAA[12][13] | |||||||||||||
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الديمغرافيا
| التعداد التاريخي | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| التعداد | Pop. | %± | |
| 1840 | 1٬949 | — | |
| 1850 | 3٬500 | 79٫6% | |
| 1860 | 3٬989 | 14�0% | |
| 1870 | 1٬689 | −57٫7% | |
| 1880 | 2٬418 | 43٫2% | |
| 1890 | 4٬215 | 74٫3% | |
| 1900 | 5٬094 | 20٫9% | |
| 1910 | 8٬407 | 65�0% | |
| 1920 | 11٬996 | 42٫7% | |
| 1930 | 20٬659 | 72٫2% | |
| 1940 | 27٬493 | 33٫1% | |
| 1950 | 46٬396 | 68٫8% | |
| 1960 | 63٬370 | 36٫6% | |
| 1970 | 65٬773 | 3٫8% | |
| 1980 | 75٬211 | 14٫3% | |
| 1990 | 77٬759 | 3٫4% | |
| 2000 | 77٬906 | 0٫2% | |
| 2010 | 90٬468 | 16٫1% | |
| 2020 | 99٬600 | 10٫1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[14] | |||
تعداد 2020
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White | 47,663 | 47.85% |
| Black or African American | 40,867 | 41.03% |
| الأمريكان الأصليون | 147 | 0.15% |
| Asian | 2,352 | 2.36% |
| Pacific Islander | 47 | 0.05% |
| Other/Mixed | 3,086 | 3.1% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 5,438 | 5.46% |
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 99,600 people, 36,779 households, and 20,176 families residing in the city.
الحكومة
| District | Representative | Serving Since |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Phyllis W. Odom | 2015 |
| 2 | Raeven Howard | 2020 |
| 3 | Cynthia Lee Almond | 2005 |
| 4 | Lee Busby | 2019 |
| 5 | Kip Tyner | 1997 |
| 6 | Edwin Pugh | 2013 |
| 7 | Sonya McKinstry | 2013 |
المدن الشقيقة
The Tuscaloosa Sister Cities Commission was formed in 1986. The city currently has sister city relationships with cities in three countries:[16][17]
Narashino, Chiba, Japan
Schorndorf, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Sunyani–Techiman, Ghana (Two cities partnered as one sister city)
معرض صور
Tuscaloosa River Walk park along the Black Warrior River
The abandoned McFarland Mall in 2014
The old AmSouth Bank building downtown
The Alston building downtown
The old Tuscaloosa Federal Courthouse building. It now hosts the central office of the Tuscaloosa County Board of Education.
Veterans Memorial Park
Kudzu downtown
Rare snowfall downtown
Rare snowfall at Government Plaza, downtown. The central gazebo was renamed to Bicentennial Square on December 13, 2018, Tuscaloosa's 199th birthday.
Northwood Lake in 2007
Mile marker 0 of Interstate 359 in 2003
A view of "The Strip" during the 2005 football season. The Strip is adjacent to the University of Alabama main campus and Bryant-Denny Stadium.
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انظر أيضاً
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
- Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
المراجع
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةalabama-law-1823 - ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ Writer, Mark Hughes CobbStaff. "Many names associated with Tuscaloosa have a story". Tuscaloosa News.
- ^ Herbert J. "Jim" Lewis, Birmingham, Alabama (2011-04-27). "Tuscaloosa". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Taylor, Drew (2018-09-30). "Mercedes decided 25 years ago to build in Alabama, fueling economy". Tuscaloosa News (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Tuscaloosa named most livable city in America | AL.com". Blog.al.com. 2011-06-18. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
- ^ "100 Best Communities for Young People | America's Promise". Americaspromise.org. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
- ^ "Best Places to Launch a Small Business 2009 - Tuscaloosa, AL". Money.CNN.com. FORTUNE Small Business. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
- ^ أ ب ت Sharyn Kane & Richard Keeton. "Fort Benning – The Land and the People". SEAC. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةNOAA - ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
- ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved November 20, 2013.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ^ "Tuscaloosa Sister Cities International". Tuscaloosa Sister Cities Commission. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
- ^ Turney Foshee (August 26, 2011). "Sister Cities delegates gather in Tuscaloosa to mark friendship". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
Bibliography
وصلات خارجية
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- Tuscaloosa, Alabama
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- Former state capitals in the United States
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- Cities in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
- 1819 establishments in Alabama
- People from Tuscaloosa, Alabama