سانشو الثاني من البرتغال
| Sancho II | |
|---|---|
.png&filetimestamp=20240503212408&) King Sancho in the Castilian manuscript Compendium of Chronicles of Kings, c. 1312-1325 | |
| King of Portugal | |
| العهد | 25 March 1223 – 4 December 1247 |
| سبقه | Afonso II |
| تبعه | Afonso III |
| وُلِد | 8 September 1209 Coimbra, Kingdom of Portugal |
| توفي | 4 January 1248 (aged 38) Toledo, Kingdom of Castile |
| الدفن | |
| الزوج | Mécia Lopes de Haro (m. ح. 1243-45) |
| البيت | Burgundy |
| الأب | Afonso II of Portugal |
| الأم | Urraca of Castile |
Sancho II (النطق في البرتغالية: [ˈsɐ̃ʃu]; 8 September 1209 – 4 January 1248), nicknamed the Cowled or the Capuched (برتغالية: o Capelo), alternatively, the Pious (برتغالية: o Piedoso), was King of Portugal from 1223 to 1248. He was succeeded on the Portuguese throne by his brother, King Afonso III, in 1248.[1]
Sancho was born in Coimbra, the eldest son of Afonso II of Portugal by his wife, Urraca of Castile.
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Military career and reign
By the time of his accession to the throne, in 1223, Portugal was embroiled in a difficult diplomatic conflict with the Catholic Church. His father, Afonso II, had been excommunicated by Pope Honorius III, for his attempts at reducing the Church's power within the country. A treaty of 10 articles was signed between the Pope and Sancho II, but the king paid little attention to its fulfillment. His priority was the Reconquista, the reconquest of the southern Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. From 1236 onwards, Sancho II conquered several cities in the Algarve and Alentejo, securing the Portuguese position in the region.
Dispossession from throne
Sancho II proved a capable commander but, with regard to equally important administrative issues, he was less competent. With his total attention focused on military campaigns, the ground was open for internal disputes. The nobility was displeased by the king's conduct and started to conspire against him. Moreover, the middle class of merchants quarrelled frequently with the clergy, without any intervention from the king. As a result, the bishop of Porto made a formal complaint to the pope about this state of affairs. Since the Church was the dominant power of the 13th century, Pope Innocent IV felt free to issue bull Grandi non immerito, ordering the Portuguese to choose a new king to replace the so-called heretic.[1][2]
In 1246, recalcitrant nobles invited Sancho's brother Afonso, Count of Boulogne, to take the throne. Afonso immediately abdicated from his French possessions and marched into Portugal.
Exile and death
After a civil war lasting from late 1245 to mid 1247 and a Castilian intervention by the Castilian heir, Prince Alfonso, he fled in exile to Toledo, Spain when Alfonso retreated his forces to support his father in the siege of Seville. He died in Toledo on 4 January 1248 and was buried in its cathedral.
Marriage
Sancho married, circa 1240, a Castilian lady, Mécia Lopes de Haro, widow of Alvaro Peres de Castro, and daughter of Lope Díaz II de Haro and Urraca Alfonso de León, an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of León, but they had no legitimate sons.
See also
References
- ^ أ ب Martínez, H. Salvador (2010-03-02). Alfonso X, the Learned: A Biography (in الإنجليزية). BRILL. p. 380. ISBN 978-90-04-19342-0.
- ^ Reilly, Bernard F. (1993-06-03). The Medieval Spains (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-521-39741-4.
سانشو الثاني من البرتغال فرع أصغر من Capetian dynasty وُلِد: 8 September 1207 توفي: 4 November 1248
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| ألقاب ملكية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه Afonso II |
King of Portugal 1223–1248 |
تبعه Afonso III |
| أسرة برگندي الپرتغالية | .png) | |
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| أسرة أڤيز | ||
| بيت أڤيز-بخا | ||
| الپرتغاليون من آل هابسبورگ | ||
| أسرة براگانزا | ||
| بيت براگانزا-كوبورگ | ||
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- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles containing برتغالية-language text
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Portuguese infantes
- House of Burgundy-Portugal
- Medieval child monarchs
- 1209 births
- 1248 deaths
- People of the Reconquista
- People from Coimbra
- 13th-century Portuguese monarchs