2021 موسم الأعاصير الأطلسية

قالب:Current long-term قالب:Infobox hurricane season The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season is an ongoing Atlantic hurricane season, which is part of the annual tropical cyclone season in the Northern Hemisphere. It officially began on June 1, 2021, and will end on November 30, 2021. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most Atlantic tropical cyclones form.[1] However, subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis is possible at any time of the year, as was the case this season, when Tropical Storm Ana formed on May 22, making 2021 the seventh consecutive year that a storm formed before the official start of the season.[2] The season had the most active June, tying 1886, 1909, 1936, and 1968 with three named storms forming in the month of June.[3] Then, on July 1, Hurricane Elsa formed, surpassing 2020's Tropical Storm Edouard as the earliest-forming fifth named storm on record by five days.[4]

Starting with this season, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to issue regular Tropical Weather Outlooks on May 15, two weeks earlier than it did in the past. This change was implemented in light of the fact that named systems had formed in the Atlantic Ocean prior to the official start of the season in each of the preceding six seasons.[5]

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Seasonal forecasts

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2021 season
Source Date Named
storms 		Hurricanes Major
hurricanes 		Ref
Average (1991–2020) 14.4 7.2 3.2 [6]
Record high activity 30 15 7† [7]
Record low activity 4 2† 0† [7]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
TSR December 9, 2020 16 7 3 [8]
CSU April 8, 2021 17 8 4 [9]
PSU April 8, 2021 9–15 n/a n/a [10]
TSR April 13, 2021 17 8 3 [11]
UA April 13, 2021 18 8 4 [12]
NCSU April 14, 2021 15–18 7–9 2–3 [13]
TWC April 15, 2021 18 8 3 [14]
TWC May 13, 2021 19 8 4 [15]
NOAA May 20, 2021 13–20 6–10 3–5 [16]
UKMO* May 20, 2021 14 7 3 [17]
TSR May 27, 2021 18 9 4 [18]
CSU June 3, 2021 18 8 4 [19]
UA June 16, 2021 19 6 4 [20]
TSR July 6, 2021 20 9 4 [21]
CSU July 8, 2021 20 9 4 [22]
UKMO* August 2, 2021 15 6 3 [23]
NOAA August 4, 2021 15–21 7–10 3–5 [24]
TSR August 5, 2021 18 7 3 [25]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity
 7 1 0
* June–November only
† Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all)

In advance of, and during, each hurricane season, several forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts. These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), the United Kingdom's Met Office, and Philip J. Klotzbach, William M. Gray and their associates at Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA and CSU, the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 14 tropical storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 72–111 units.[8] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h).[6] NOAA typically categorizes a season as above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered.[6]


Pre-season forecasts

On December 9, 2020, TSR issued an extended range forecast for the 2021 hurricane season, predicting slightly above-average activity with 16 named storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an ACE index of about 127 units. TSR cited the expected development of a weak La Niña during the third quarter of 2021 as the main factor behind their forecast.[8] CSU released their first predictions on April 8, 2021, predicting an above-average season with 17 named storms, eight hurricanes, four major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 150 units, citing the unlikelihood of an El Niño and much warmer than average sea surface temperatures in the subtropical Atlantic.[9] TSR updated their forecast on April 13, with 17 named storms, eight hurricanes, and three major hurricanes, with an ACE index of 134 units.[11] On the same day, University of Arizona (UA) issued its seasonal prediction of above-average hurricane activities, with 18 named storms, eight hurricanes, four major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 137 units.[12] North Carolina State University (NCSU) made its prediction for the season on April 14, calling for an above-average season with 15 to 18 named storms, seven to nine hurricanes, and two to three major hurricanes.[13] On May 13, The Weather Company (TWC) updated their forecast for the season, calling for an active season, with 19 named storms, eight hurricanes, and four major hurricanes.[15] On May 20, NOAA's Climate Prediction Center issued their forecasts for the season, predicting a 60% chance of above-average activity and 30% chance for below-average activity, with 13-20 named storms, 6-10 hurricanes and 3-5 major hurricanes.[16] The following day, the United Kingdom's Met Office (UKMO) issued their own forecast for the 2021 season, predicting an average one with 14 named storms, seven hurricanes, and three major hurricanes, with a 70% chance that each of these statistics will fall between 9 and 19, 4 and 10, and 1 and 5, respectively.[17]

Mid-season forecasts

On June 16, University of Arizona (UA) updated their forecast for the season, with 19 named storms, six hurricanes, four major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 183 units.[20] On July 6, TSR released their third forecast for the season, slightly increasing their numbers to 20 named storms, 9 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes. This prediction was largely based on their expectation for a weak La Niña to develop by the third quarter of the year.[21] On July 8, CSU updated their prediction to 20 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.[22] On August 5, TSR issued their final forecast for the season, lowering their numbers to 18 named storms, 7 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes.[25]

Seasonal summary

انظر أيضاً: Timeline of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane ElsaTropical Storm Danny (2021)Tropical Storm Claudette (2021)Saffir-Simpson scale

Tropical Storm Ana formed ten days before the official start of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, making 2021 the seventh consecutive year in which a tropical or subtropical cyclone formed before the season's official start on June 1. Ana formed in a location where no tropical storms within the month of May had been documented since before 1950.[26] In mid-June, a rapidly developing non-tropical low offshore of the North Carolina coast became Tropical Storm Bill. The system lasted for only two days before becoming extratropical. Later that month, Tropical Storm Claudette formed on the coast of Louisiana and Tropical Storm Danny formed off the coast of South Carolina.

Hurricane Elsa formed at the beginning of July and became the first hurricane of the season on July 2 before impacting the Caribbean and later the Eastern United States and Atlantic Canada after making landfall in Florida as a tropical storm on July 8. Afterwards, activity came to a halt due to unfavorable conditions across the basin. In mid-August, Fred formed in the eastern Caribbean, bringing impacts to the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and the eastern part of the Gulf Coast. A couple of days later, Grace formed and brought impacts to Hispaniola.

The ACE index for the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC), is 13.9 units (as of 15:00 UTC August 14).[27] The totals represent the sum of the squares for every (sub)tropical storm's intensity of over 33 knots (38 mph; 61 km/h), divided by 10,000.

Systems

Tropical Storm Ana

قالب:Infobox hurricane small On May 19, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring an area of disturbed weather northeast of Bermuda for the formation of a non-tropical low due to the potential for tropical or subtropical cyclogenesis.[28] On the next day, as forecast, a non-tropical low-pressure system developed approximately 600 mi (965 km) east-southeast of Bermuda,[29] with satellite estimates indicating gale-force winds were being produced by the low later that day.[30] The system began to gain subtropical characteristics on May 22 at 00:00 UTC,[31] and on 09:00 UTC the same day, the NHC upgraded it to a subtropical storm, assigning it the name Ana.[32] Ana's motion shifted from west-southwestward to westward while embedded within a larger upper-level low. Because of this low, Ana lacked any anticyclonic upper-level outflow, preventing the system from becoming a fully tropical cyclone.[33] However, the storm's wind field began to contract and a small but persistent area of thunderstorms formed close to the center.[34] By the next day, at 09:00 UTC on May 23, Ana had transitioned into a fully tropical storm, as it began to accelerate to the northeast.[35] Soon after though, cool sea surface temperatures and very dry mid-level air caused the system to become almost devoid of convection,[36] causing Ana to weaken into a tropical depression soon afterward.[37] Just 18 hours after completing its tropical transition, at 03:00 UTC on May 24, Ana degenerated into a post-tropical cyclone, and the NHC issued their final advisory on the storm.[38]

The approach of Ana's precursor system warranted the issuance of a Tropical Storm Watch by the Bermuda Weather Service for the island of Bermuda on May 20.[39] This watch remained in effect as the system transitioned to a subtropical storm just northeast of the island on May 22.[40] However, the watch was discontinued shortly after.[33]

Tropical Storm Bill

قالب:Infobox hurricane small A non-tropical area of low pressure formed about 150 miles (240 km) south of Wilmington, North Carolina on June 13 and began to be monitored for potential tropical development, although chances of such were initially deemed low.[41] Overnight however, the system rapidly organized with ample deep convection and a small core forming.[42] At 15:00 UTC the next day, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Depression Two.[43] The depression accelerated northeastward in the following hours, with convection briefly decreasing as a result of wind shear and the circulation becoming exposed, as seen on visible satellite images.[44] Twelve hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Bill as the storm developed a more defined cluster of thunderstorms northeast of the center, while a scatterometer pass additionally confirmed the cyclone was producing gale-force winds.[45] Bill intensified on June 15 with convection becoming organized in a curved band pattern despite wind shear.[46] The storm reached its peak intensity by 15:00 UTC that day, with 1-minute sustained winds of 60 miles per hour (95 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 998 mbar (29.47 inHg).[47] Despite a tight core structure developing, dry air began wrapping into the southeastern section of the storm shortly after that time.[48] Strong wind shear then exposed and elongated the center of Bill to the southwest of the convection as it raced northeast at over 35 mph (56 km/h).[49] At 03:00 UTC on June 16, Bill transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.[50]

Tropical Storm Claudette

قالب:Infobox hurricane small

المقالة الرئيسية: Tropical Storm Claudette (2021)

On June 11, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring a potential tropical low in the Gulf of Mexico.[51] Initially, the system slowly moved to the south and caused heavy rainfall in Southern Mexico and Central America.[52] It then meandered around with a loosely defined circulation in the Bay of Campeche for a few days. The system then started moving north and developed a very broad circulation.[53] On June 17 at 21:00 UTC, the NHC started issuing advisories on the system as Potential Tropical Cyclone Three.[54] Tropical-storm-force winds were indicated by satellite data on June 18 at 18:00 UTC, but the storm still lacked a well-developed low-level circulation.[55] As the system moved inland into southeastern Louisiana on June 19, satellite imagery finally revealed a well enough defined surface circulation and at 09:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the name Claudette.[56] Claudette then weakened into a tropical depression as it moved further inland and produced gusty winds in areas of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and parts of Florida.[57] On June 21 at 09:00 UTC, Claudette re-strengthened into a tropical storm as its center was located over North Carolina.[58] After moving into the Atlantic Ocean at 15:00 UTC,[59] Claudette moved away from the coast of United States,[60] before degenerating into a trough of low pressure at 03:00 UTC on June 22.[61]

Heavy rainfall and tropical storm-force winds were reported across much of the Southeastern United States.[62] Several tornadoes were spawned by Claudette, including an EF2 tornado that caused major damage and injured 20 people in East Brewton, Alabama.[63][64] The system caused 14 fatalities, all in Alabama.[65]


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Tropical Storm Danny

قالب:Infobox hurricane small

المقالة الرئيسية: Tropical Storm Danny (2021)

An area of disturbed weather broke off of a dissipating cold front over the Central Atlantic well east of Bermuda on June 22.[66][67] The next day, this area became a surface trough as it drifted southwestward before accelerating westward under the influence of a high pressure system to its north.[68][69] Over the next few days, disorganized convection formed over the trough as it moved quickly west-northwestward and on June 26, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to monitor the disturbance for development as it passed several hundred miles south of Bermuda.[70][71][72] By June 27, the trough had developed a closed low-level circulation as it continued to track west-northwestward, although disorganized thunderstorms remained displaced to the northwest of the center due to strong upper-level winds produced by a nearby upper-level low.[73] After morning visible satellite images revealed a well-defined center with organized thunderstorms, albeit displaced to the west, the system was upgraded to Tropical Depression Four east of the coast of South Carolina at 15:00 UTC on June 28.[74] Following a hurricane hunter reconnaissance flight into the depression alongside Doppler radar data confirming the small depression was producing gale-force winds, the storm was upgraded to Tropical Storm Danny at 19:05 UTC that day.[75] Danny intensified slightly a couple of hours later after a large hot tower occurred over the center, reaching its peak intensity just off the coast of South Carolina with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 1009 mb (29.80 inHg).[76] At 23:30 UTC on June 28, Danny made landfall just north of Hilton Head on Pritchards Island, South Carolina with sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and quickly weakened into a tropical depression as it moved further inland, according to surface observations and Doppler radar data.[76] Danny was the first storm to make landfall in the state of South Carolina in the month of June since Hurricane One in 1867.[77] Danny continued to move further inland until on June 29, at 09:00 UTC, Danny finally dissipated over eastern Georgia after satellite imagery revealed that its low level circulation was no longer well defined.[78][79]

Danny produced rainfall totals of up to 3 inches (76.2 mm) in parts of South Carolina in the matter of hours following landfall, causing minor flash floods in populated areas.[80] Lightning resulted in damage to some structures, while some trees were downed in Savannah, Georgia by windy conditions.[81] Danny produced heavy rainfall across parts of Metro Atlanta as it tracked westward.[82]

Hurricane Elsa

قالب:Infobox hurricane small

المقالة الرئيسية: Hurricane Elsa

The National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to monitor a tropical wave about 800 miles (1,300 km) from Cape Verde at 12:00 UTC on June 29.[83] The wave quickly organized as it moved eastward,[84] and advisories were issued on Potential Tropical Cyclone Five at 21:00 UTC on June 30, though it was noted that scatterometer data found an elongated and ill-defined circulation.[85] It became a tropical depression by 03:00 UTC on July 1 as its satellite appearance continued to gradually improve, with prominent banding features to the west of its center. An advanced scatterometer pass also revealed the system to have been possessing a better-defined, albeit still slightly elongated low-level circulation to its south and west.[86] By 09:00 UTC that same day, the depression further intensified into a tropical storm, and the NHC assigned it the name Elsa. This also made Elsa the earliest fifth-named storm on record, surpassing the previous record held by Tropical Storm Edouard of the previous year, which formed on July 6.[87] Elsa also became a tropical storm farther east in the Main Development Region (MDR) than any other tropical cyclone so early in the calendar year on record, behind only the 1933 Trinidad hurricane.[88][89] Elsa slowly strengthened overnight as it accelerated westward,[87][90] and at 10:45 UTC on July 2, the NHC upgraded Elsa to a Category 1 hurricane.[91] This made Elsa the eastern-most hurricane recorded in the MDR, south of 23.5°N, this early in the calendar year since 1933.[91][92] Around that time, Elsa was moving at a forward speed of 29 mph (47 km/h), making it the fastest-moving Atlantic tropical cyclone recorded undergoing rapid intensification in the deep tropics or the Gulf of Mexico, and also the first storm to undergo rapid intensification in that part of the Atlantic that early in the calendar year since another storm in 1908.[93][94] At 15:00 UTC on July 3, Elsa weakened back into a tropical storm, due to northeasterly wind shear, which was partially due to the storm's rapid forward motion at almost 30 mph (48 km/h).[95] Afterward, Elsa's forward motion significantly slowed down to 14 mph (22 km/h) by the next day, as the storm's center relocated to the east under the region with the strongest convection, while passing just north of Jamaica.[96][97] At 18:00 UTC on July 5, Elsa made landfall on west-central Cuba and weakened slightly.[98] Several hours later, at 02:00 UTC on July 6, Elsa emerged into the Gulf of Mexico and began to restrengthen.[99] At 00:00 UTC on July 7, Elsa restrengthened into a Category 1 hurricane, with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a central pressure of 996 mb (29.4 inHg).[100][101] However, several hours later, wind shear and an entrainment of dry air caused Elsa to weaken back into a tropical storm.[102][103] Elsa continued moving northward, and at 15:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT), Elsa made landfall in Taylor County, Florida.[104][105] The storm weakened after landfall, but remained at minimal tropical storm strength as part of its circulation remained over water.[106] Afterward, Elsa gradually began accelerating northeastward, and reintensified due to baroclinic forcing.[107] Elsa became a post-tropical cyclone at 18:00 UTC on July 9 over eastern Massachusetts.[108]

Tropical cyclone watches were issued for a large area of Greater and Lesser Antilles as much of the East Coast of the United States in anticipation of Elsa. As Elsa raced past the rest of the Antilles, it caused extensive damage to the islands. In Barbados, the storm brought down trees, damaged roofs, caused widespread power outages, and caused flash flooding. In the U.S., one person was killed by a falling tree in Florida, and another seventeen were injured at a Georgia military base during an EF1 tornado.[109] At least five people were killed by Elsa, including four in the Caribbean and one in the United States.[110] Elsa caused at least $875 million in damages, in the Caribbean and the United States.[111]

Tropical Storm Fred

Tropical Storm Fred TS
Current storm status
Tropical storm (1-min mean)
ملف:2021 NRL AL062021 FRED infrared-gray satellite.png
Satellite image
 ملف:2021 NHC AL062021 5day cone no line and wind.png
Forecast map
As of:7:00 a.m. CDT (12:00 UTC) August 16
Location:28°36′N 85°48′W / 28.6°N 85.8°W / 28.6; -85.8 (Tropical Storm Fred) ± 25 nm
About 90 mi (145 km) SSW of Apalachicola, Florida
Sustained winds:50 knots (60 mph; 95 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 55 knots (65 mph; 100 km/h)
Pressure:993 mbar (29.32 inHg)
Movement:N at 9 knots (10 mph; 17 km/h)
See more detailed information.

On August 4 at 12:00 UTC, the NHC noted a tropical disturbance in the middle of the Atlantic.[112] Consolidating in a favorable environment for development, the NHC began issuing advisories on the system as Potential Tropical Cyclone Six on August 9.[113] The system continued organizing as it neared the Leeward Islands; however, the system lacked a well-defined center.[114] On August 11 at 03:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the system to tropical storm status and gave it the name Fred after radar data, reconnaissance observations, and surface observations revealed tropical storm-force winds and a better-defined circulation.[115] The system moved over the Caribbean Sea until landfall on the island of Hispaniola at about 18:00 UTC August 11.[116] As the system moved over the island, it lost some organization as it passed the island's mountainous terrain.[117] Consequently, at 00:00 UTC August 12, the system weakened into a tropical depression.[118] On August 14, shear caused by an upper-level trough over the Gulf of Mexico and land interaction with Cuba caused Fred to degenerate into an open wave.[119] However, on August 15 at 15:00 UTC, Fred regenerated to a tropical storm because the system had a well-defined low-level center.[120]

Current storm information

As of 1:00 a.m. CDT (06:00 UTC) August 16, Tropical Storm Fred is located within 25 nautical miles of 27°30′N 86°00′W / 27.5°N 86.0°W / 27.5; -86.0 (Fred), about 175 mi (280 km) south of Panama City, Florida and about 165 mi (265 km) south-southwest of Apalachicola, Florida. Maximum sustained winds are 45 knots (50 mph; 85 km/h), with gusts up to 55 knots (65 mph; 100 km/h). The minimum barometric pressure is 1003 mbar (29.62 inHg), and the system is moving north-northwest at 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h). Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 90 miles (150 km) from the center of Fred.

For the latest official information, see:


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Watches and warnings

تحذير عاصفة مدارية
أحوال عاصفة مدارية متوقعة في غضون 36 ساعة.
Storm Surge Warning
Life-threatening inundation from storm surge possible within 36 hours.

Tropical Storm Grace

Tropical Depression Grace TD
Current storm status
Tropical depression (1-min mean)
ملف:2021 NRL AL072021 GRACE infrared-gray satellite.png
Satellite image
 ملف:2021 NHC AL072021 5day cone no line and wind.png
Forecast map
As of:8:00 a.m. AST (12:00 UTC) August 16
Location:17°24′N 70°54′W / 17.4°N 70.9°W / 17.4; -70.9 (Tropical Depression Grace) ± 60 nm
About 125 mi (200 km) SE of Port-au-Prince, Haiti
About 390 mi (630 km) E of Montego Bay, Jamaica
Sustained winds:30 knots (35 mph; 55 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h)
Pressure:1008 mbar (29.77 inHg)
Movement:W at 13 knots (15 mph; 24 km/h)
See more detailed information.

The NHC began to monitor a tropical wave south of the Cabo Verde Islands at 18:00 UTC on August 10.[121] The wave began to coalesce, and advisories on Potential Tropical Cyclone Seven were initiated at 15:00 UTC on August 13.[122] On August 14 at 09:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm, assigning it the name Grace.[123]However, Grace weakened to a tropical depression on August 15 at around 18:00 UTC.[132]

Current storm information

As of 2:00 a.m. AST (06:00 UTC) August 16, Tropical Depression Grace is located within 60 nautical miles of 17°18′N 69°36′W / 17.3°N 69.6°W / 17.3; -69.6 (Grace), about 90 mi (145 km) south-southeast of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and about 200 mi (320 km) east-southeast of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Maximum sustained winds are 30 knots (35 mph; 55 km/h), with gusts up to 40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h). The minimum barometric pressure is 1011 mbar (29.85 inHg), and the system is moving west at 13 knots (15 mph; 24 km/h).

For the latest official information, see:

Watches and warnings

ترقب عاصفة مدارية
أحوال عاصفة مدارية محتملة في غضون 48 ساعة.

Tropical Depression Eight

Tropical Depression Eight TD
Current storm status
Tropical depression (1-min mean)
ملف:2021 NRL AL082021 EIGHT infrared-gray satellite.png
Satellite image
 ملف:2021 NHC AL082021 5day cone no line and wind.png
Forecast map
As of:8:00 a.m. AST (12:00 UTC) August 16
Location:31°42′N 62°48′W / 31.7°N 62.8°W / 31.7; -62.8 (Tropical Depression Eight) ± 30 nm
About 120 mi (195 km) ESE of Bermuda
Sustained winds:30 knots (35 mph; 55 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h)
Pressure:1012 mbar (29.88 inHg)
Movement:S at 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Current storm information

As of 2:00 a.m. AST (06:00 UTC) August 16, Tropical Depression Eight is located within 30 nautical miles of 32°36′N 62°48′W / 32.6°N 62.8°W / 32.6; -62.8 (Eight), about 135 mi (215 km) east-northeast of Bermuda. Maximum sustained winds are 30 knots (35 mph; 55 km/h), with gusts up to 40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h). The minimum barometric pressure is 1012 mbar (29.88 inHg), and the system is moving south at 7 knots (8.1 mph; 13 km/h)..

For the latest official information, see:

Watches and warnings

ترقب عاصفة مدارية
أحوال عاصفة مدارية محتملة في غضون 48 ساعة.

Storm names

The following names will be used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2021.[124] Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in the spring of 2022. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2027 season.[124] This is the same list used in the 2015 season, with the exceptions of Elsa and Julian, which replaced Erika and Joaquin, respectively. The name Elsa was used for the first time this year.

If there are more than 21 named storms this season, subsequent storms will take names from an auxiliary list of names approved by the WMO.[124] Previously, the Greek alphabet was used if a season's primary name list was exhausted, which occurred in 2005 and 2020. This practice was discontinued after the 2020 season brought multiple shortcomings to light with the use of the Greek alphabet. Disadvantages to its usage included too much focus on how the Greek letters were used, instead of reporting on the impacts of these tropical cyclones, as well as the difficulty in properly retiring and replacing the Greek letter names of devastating storms.[125]

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2021 USD.

Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale
TD TS 1 2 3 4 5

قالب:TC stats table start3 قالب:TC stats cyclone3 قالب:TC stats cyclone3 قالب:TC stats cyclone3[126][127][128] قالب:TC stats cyclone3 قالب:TC stats cyclone3[111][129][130][131] قالب:TC stats cyclone3 قالب:TC stats cyclone3 قالب:TC stats cyclone3

قالب:TC stats table end3

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hurricane Season Information". Frequently Asked Questions About Hurricanes. Miami, Florida: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. يونيو 1, 2018. Retrieved أبريل 13, 2021.
  2. ^ Cetoute, Devoun; Harris, Alex (مايو 22, 2021). "Subtropical Storm Ana forms. It's the seventh year in a row with an early named storm". Miami Herald. Retrieved مايو 22, 2021.
  3. ^ Klotzbach, Phil (يونيو 28, 2021). "5th Atlantic season on record to have 3 June named storm formations". Twitter. Retrieved يونيو 29, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Masters, Jeff (يوليو 1, 2021). "ropical Storm Elsa is earliest fifth named storm on record in the Atlantic". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. Retrieved أغسطس 2, 2021.
  5. ^ Allen, Greg (فبراير 26, 2021). "Hurricane Forecasts Will Start Earlier In 2021". NPR. Retrieved فبراير 27, 2021.
  6. ^ أ ب ت "Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: Climate Prediction Center. مايو 22, 2019. Retrieved أبريل 5, 2021.
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  76. ^ أ ب John Cangialosi (يونيو 28, 2021). "Tropical Depression Danny Discussion Number 3". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved يونيو 28, 2021.
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  88. ^ Carstens, Jake [@JakeCarstens] (يوليو 1, 2021). "Tropical Storm Elsa has formed. It's the Atlantic's earliest 5th named storm on record, ahead of 2020's Edouard by ~5 days. It's also the 2nd farthest east a TS (39+ mph) has ever been recorded in the MDR this early in the season, only trailing the 1933 Trinidad Hurricane" (Tweet). Retrieved يوليو 1, 2021 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  89. ^ Klotzbach, Philip [@philklotzbach] (يوليو 1, 2021). "Elsa became a tropical storm east of 50°W. Only one other Atlantic named storm (Storm 2 of 1933) has formed in the tropics (south of 23.5°N) and east of 50°W by July 1 on record" (Tweet). Retrieved يوليو 1, 2021 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  90. ^ John Cangialosi; Robbie Berg (يوليو 2, 2021). "Tropical Storm Elsa Discussion Number 7". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved يوليو 2, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  91. ^ أ ب Jack Beven; Andrew Latto; David Zelinsky (يوليو 2, 2021). "Hurricane Elsa Update Statement". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved يوليو 2, 2021.
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  93. ^ Lillo, Sam [@splillo] (يوليو 2, 2021). "Hurricane Elsa has rapidly intensified (RI) 35kt (40mph) in the last 24 hours. Here is the track of the hurricane overlaid on the maximum 24-hour wind change observed on or before July 2nd. The only other RI storm in the vicinity is from 1908" (Tweet). Retrieved يوليو 3, 2021 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  94. ^ Lillo, Sam [@splillo] (يوليو 2, 2021). "Maximum forward speed of all TCs undergoing rapid intensification. Hurricane Elsa was moving at 25.2kt (29mph) while rapidly intensifying ...much faster than any other storm on record in the MDR, Caribbean or Gulf" (Tweet). Retrieved يوليو 3, 2021 – via Twitter. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  95. ^ Jack Bevan (July 3, 2021). Tropical Storm Elsa Discussion Number 13. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.discus.013.shtml. Retrieved on July 3, 2021. 
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  97. ^ John Cangialosi; Brad Reinhart (يوليو 4, 2021). "Tropical Storm Elsa Discussion Number 16". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved يوليو 4, 2021.
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  99. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (July 6, 2021). Tropical Storm Elsa Discussion Number 23. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.discus.023.shtml. Retrieved on July 6, 2021. 
  100. ^ Stacy R. Stewart; Andrew Latto (July 7, 2021). Hurricane Elsa Intermediate Advisory Number 27A...Corrected. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.public_a.027.shtml?. Retrieved on July 7, 2021. 
  101. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (July 7, 2021). Hurricane Elsa Discussion Number 28. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.discus.028.shtml. Retrieved on July 7, 2021. 
  102. ^ Jack Beven (July 7, 2021). Tropical Storm Elsa Intermediate Advisory Number 28A. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.public_a.028.shtml. Retrieved on July 7, 2021. 
  103. ^ Jack Beven (July 7, 2021). Tropical Storm Elsa Discussion Number 29. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.discus.029.shtml?. Retrieved on July 7, 2021. 
  104. ^ Richard Pasch (July 7, 2021). Tropical Storm Elsa Forecast Discussion Number 30. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.discus.030.shtml. Retrieved on July 7, 2021. 
  105. ^ Richard Pasch; Philippe Papin; Daniel Brown (July 7, 2021). Tropial Storm Elsa Advisory Number 30. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.public.030.shtml. Retrieved on July 7, 2021. 
  106. ^ Eric S. Blake (July 8, 2021). Tropical Storm Elsa Discussion Number 32. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.discus.032.shtml?. Retrieved on July 8, 2021. 
  107. ^ Richard Pasch (July 8, 2021). Tropical Storm Elsa Discussion Number 35. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.discus.035.shtml?. Retrieved on July 8, 2021. 
  108. ^ Daniel Brown; David Zelinksy (July 9, 2021). Post-Tropical Cyclone Elsa Intermediate Advisory Number 38A. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2021/al05/al052021.public_a.038.shtml?. Retrieved on July 9, 2021. 
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  111. ^ أ ب Global Catastrophe Recap July 2021. Aon Benfield. August 10, 2021. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. http://thoughtleadership.aon.com/Documents/20211008_analytics-if-july-global-recap.pdf. Retrieved on August 11, 2021. 
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External links

قالب:TC Decades قالب:Tropical cyclone season

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