مجلس الجمهورية (البرتغال)

Assembly of the Republic

Assembleia da República
16th Assembly of the Republic
Coat of arms of the Assembly of the Portuguese Republic.svg Flag of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic.svg
Emblem and Flag of the Assembly
AR Portugal logo.png
Logo of the Assembly
النوع
النوع
الزعامة
Vice-Presidents
الهيكل
المقاعد230
Current Structure of the Assembly of the Republic
المجموعات السياسية
Government (80)

Opposition (150)

  •      PS (78)
  •      CH (50)
  •      IL (8)
  •      BE (5)
  •      PCP (4)
  •      LIVRE (4)
  •      PAN (1)
الانتخابات
Closed list proportional representation
D'Hondt method
آخر انتخابات
10 March 2024
الانتخابات المقبلة
On or before 8 October 2028
مكان الانعقاد
Assembleia da República (Portugal) Palácio de São Bento, Lisboa.JPG
São Bento Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
الموقع الإلكتروني
parlamento.pt
البرتغال
Coat of arms of Portugal.svg

هذه المقالة هي جزء من سلسلة:
سياسة وحكومة
البرتغال



دول أخرى • أطلس
 بوابة السياسة
ع  ن  ت

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, تُنطق: [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's organs of supreme authority.

It meets in a historical building in Lisbon, the Palácio de São Bento (Palace of Saint Benedict), the site of an old Benedictine monastery. The Palácio has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).

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Powers and duties of the Assembly

The Assembly of the Republic's powers derive from its ability to dismiss a government through a vote of no confidence, to change the country's laws, and to amend the constitution (which requires a majority of two-thirds). In addition to these key powers, the constitution grants to the Assembly extensive legislative powers and substantial control over the budget, the right to authorize the government to raise taxes and grant loans, the power to ratify treaties and other kinds of international agreements, and the duty to approve or reject decisions by the President of the Republic to declare war and make peace. The assembly also appoints many members of important state institutions, such as ten of the thirteen members of the Constitutional Court and seven of the sixteen members of the Council of State.

The constitution requires the assembly to quickly review and approve an incoming government's program. Parliamentary rules allow the assembly to call for committees of inquiry to examine the government's actions. Political opposition represented in the assembly has the power to review the cabinet's actions, even though it is unlikely that the actions can be reversed. Party groups can also call for interpellations that require debates about specific government policies.


Structure

The assembly has 230 MPs. It originally consisted of 250 MPs, but the constitutional reforms of 1989 reduced its number to between 180 and 230. Members are elected by popular vote for legislative terms of four years from the country's twenty-two constituencies. There are eighteen in mainland Portugal corresponding to each district, one each for the autonomous regions of Azores (Portuguese: Açores) and Madeira, and two for Portuguese people living abroad (one covering Europe and one covering the rest of the world).[أ] Except for the constituencies for Portuguese living abroad, which are fixed at two representatives each, the number of MPs is determined by the number of voters registered in a constituency, using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation. Constituencies vary greatly in size; from as large as the district of Lisbon, which returns 48 representatives, to as small as the district of Portalegre, which elects just two.

For the 2024 legislative elections, the MPs were distributed by districts as follows:[3]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 48 Portuguese electoral districts 2024.svg
Porto 40
Braga and Setúbal 19 each
Aveiro 16
Leiria 10
Coimbra, Faro and Santarém 9 each
Viseu 8
Madeira 6
Azores, Viana do Castelo and Vila Real 5 each
Castelo Branco 4
Beja, Bragança, Évora and Guarda 3 each
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe[أ] 2 each

According to the constitution, members of the assembly represent the entire country, not the constituency from which they are elected. This directive has been reinforced in practice by the strong role of political parties in regard to members of the assembly. Party leadership, for example, determines in which areas candidates are to run for office, thus often weakening members' ties to their constituencies. Moreover, members of the assembly are expected to vote with their party and to work within parliamentary groups based on party membership. Party discipline is strong, and insubordinate members can be coerced through a variety of means. A further obstacle to members' independence is that their bills first have to be submitted to the parliamentary groups, and it is these groups' leaders who set the assembly's agenda.

The President of the Assembly of the Republic is the second hierarchical figure in the Portuguese state, after the President of the Portuguese Republic, and is elected by secret vote of the members of parliament. The President of the Assembly is aided by four vice presidents, nominated by the other parties represented in the parliament, and is usually the speaker.[البحث الأصلي؟] When they are not present, one of the vice presidents takes the role of speaker. When the President of the Republic is, for any reason, unable to perform the job, the President of the Assembly of the Republic becomes the substitute.

Current composition

Plenary chamber.
Party Parliamentary group leader Seats %
Social Democratic Party Hugo Soares 78 33.5
Socialist Party Alexandra Leitão 78 33.5
CHEGA Pedro Pinto 50 21.7
Liberal Initiative Mariana Leitão 8 3.5
Left Bloc Fabian Figueiredo 5 2.2
Portuguese Communist Party Paula Santos 4 1.7
LIVRE Isabel Mendes Lopes 4 1.7
CDS - People's Party Paulo Núncio 2 0.9
People-Animals-Nature Inês Sousa Real 1 0.4
 Total 230 100.0

Latest election result

Summary of the 10 March 2024 Assembly of the Republic elections results
2024 Portuguese Assembly Of The Republic.svg
Parties Votes % ±pp swing MPs MPs %/
votes %
2022 2024 ± % ±
Democratic Alliance (PSD/CDS–PP/PPM)[ب] 1,814,002 28.01 Decrease1.7 74 77 3 33.48 1.3 1.20
Madeira First (PSD/CDS–PP)[ت] 52,989 0.82 Decrease0.1 3 3 مستقر0 1.30 مستقر0 1.59
People's Monarchist[ث] 451 0.01 مستقر0.0 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
Total Democratic Alliance[ج] 1,867,442 28.84 Decrease1.8 77 80 3 34.78 1.3 1.21
Socialist 1,812,443 27.98 Decrease13.4 120 78 Decrease42 33.91 Decrease18.3 1.21
CHEGA 1,169,781 18.06 10.9 12 50 38 21.74 16.5 1.20
Liberal Initiative 319,877 4.94 مستقر0.0 8 8 مستقر0 3.48 مستقر0 0.70
Left Bloc 282,314 4.36 مستقر0.0 5 5 مستقر0 2.17 مستقر0 0.50
Unitary Democratic Coalition 205,551 3.17 Decrease1.1 6 4 Decrease2 1.74 Decrease0.9 0.55
LIVRE 204,875 3.16 1.9 1 4 3 1.74 1.3 0.55
People–Animals–Nature 126,125 1.95 0.4 1 1 مستقر0 0.43 مستقر0 0.22
National Democratic Alternative 102,134 1.58 1.4 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
React, Include, Recycle 26,092 0.40 مستقر0.0 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
Together for the People 19,145 0.30 0.1 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
New Right 16,456 0.25 {{N/A}} {{N/A}} 0 {{N/A}} 0.00 {{N/A}} 0.00
Portuguese Workers' Communist 15,491 0.24 مستقر0.0 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
Volt Portugal 11,854 0.18 0.1 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
Rise Up 6,030 0.09 مستقر0.0 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
Alternative 21 (Earth Party/Alliance) 4,265 0.07 Decrease0.1 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
Labour 2,435 0.04 Decrease0.1 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
We, the Citizens! 2,399 0.04 Decrease0.1 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0 0.00
Socialist Alternative Movement[4] 0 0.00 Decrease0.1 0 0 مستقر0 0.00 مستقر0.0 0.0
Total valid 6,194,709 95.64 Decrease1.8 230 230 مستقر0 100.00 مستقر0
Blank ballots 89,847 1.39 0.3
Invalid ballots 192,396 2.97 1.5
Total 6,476,952 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 10,813,643 59.90 8.5
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[5]


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Elected Composition of the Assembly of the Republic since 1975

Legislatures since 1975
Election No. Parliament Parties represented Term
Government Opposition
Constituent
1975
AR Eleicoes 1975.svg      PS (116)
     PPD (81)
     PCP (30)
     CDS (16)
     MDP (5)
     UDP (1)
     ADIM (1)
1975–1976
1976 1st AR Eleicoes 1976.svg      PS (107)      PPD (73)
     CDS (42)
     PCP (40)
     UDP (1)
1976–1978
     PS (107)
     CDS (42)
     PPD/PSD (73)
     PCP (40)
     UDP (1)
1978
Presidential appointed governments      PS (107)
     PPD/PSD (73)
     CDS (42)
     PCP (40)
     UDP (1)
1978–1979
1979 Portugal Parliament 1979.svg      PPD/PSD (80)
     CDS (43)
     PPM (5)
     PS (74)
     PCP (44)
     MDP (3)
     UDP (1)
1979–1980
1980 2nd Portugal Parliament 1980.svg      PPD/PSD (82)
     CDS (46)
     PPM (6)
     PS (66)
     PCP (39)
     UEDS (4)
     ASDI (4)
     MDP (2)
     UDP (1)
1980–1983
1983 3th AR Eleicoes 1983.svg      PS (94)
     PPD/PSD (75)
     UEDS (4)
     ASDI (3)
     PCP (41)
     CDS (30)
     MDP (3)
1983–1985
1985 4th AR Eleicoes 1985.svg      PPD/PSD (88)
     PRD (45)[ح]
     CDS (22)[ح]
     PS (57)
     PCP (35)
     MDP (3)
1985–1987
1987 5th Portugal Parliament 1987.svg      PPD/PSD (148)      PS (60)
     PCP (29)
     PRD (7)
     CDS (4)
     PEV (2)
1987–1991
1991 6th Portugal Parliament 1991.svg      PPD/PSD (135)      PS (72)
     PCP (15)
     CDS (5)
     PEV (2)
     PSN (1)
1991–1995
1995 7th Portugal Parliament 1995.svg      PS (112)      PPD/PSD (88)
     CDS–PP (15)
     PCP (13)
     PEV (2)
1995–1999
1999 8th Portugal Parliament 1999.svg      PS (115)      PPD/PSD (81)
     CDS–PP (15)
     PCP (15)
     PEV (2)
     BE (2)
1999–2002
2002 9th Portugal Parliament 2002.svg      PPD/PSD (105)
     CDS–PP (14)
     PS (96)
     PCP (10)
     BE (3)
     PEV (2)
2002–2005
2005 10th Portugal Parliament 2005.svg      PS (121)      PPD/PSD (71)
     CDS–PP (12)
     PCP (12)
     BE (8)
     PEV (2)
     PPM (2)
     MPT (2)
2005–2009
2009 11th AR Eleicoes 2009.svg      PS (97)      PPD/PSD (81)
     CDS–PP (21)
     BE (16)
     PCP (13)
     PEV (2)
2009–2011
2011 12th AR Eleicoes 2011.svg      PPD/PSD (108)
     CDS–PP (24)
     PS (74)
     PCP (14)
     BE (8)
     PEV (2)
2011–2015
2015 13th AR Eleicoes 2015.svg      PPD/PSD (89)
     CDS–PP (18)
     PS (86)
     BE (19)
     PCP (15)
     PEV (2)
     PAN (1)
2015
     PS (86)
     BE (19)[ح]
     PCP (15)[ح]
     PEV (2)[ح]
     PPD/PSD (89)
     CDS–PP (18)
     PAN (1)
2015–2019
2019 14th AR Eleicoes 2019.svg      PS (108)      PPD/PSD (79)
     BE (19)
     PCP (10)
     CDS–PP (5)
     PAN (4)
     PEV (2)
     CH (1)
     IL (1)
     L (1)
2019–2022
2022 15th Portugal Parliament 2022.svg      PS (120)      PPD/PSD (77)
     CH (12)
     IL (8)
     PCP (6)
     BE (5)
     PAN (1)
     L (1)
2022–2024
2024 16th Portugal AdR 2024 Partis.svg      PPD/PSD (78)
     CDS–PP (2)
     PS (78)
     CH (50)
     IL (8)
     BE (5)
     PCP (4)
     L (4)
     PAN (1)
2024–present


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Evolution graphic

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1975
1976
1979
1980
1983
1985
1987
1991
1995
1999
2002
2005
2009
2011
2015
2019
2022
2024
  •   CH
  •   ADIM
  •   PPM
  •   CDS-PP
  •   IL
  •   PSN
  •   MPT
  •   PPD/PSD
  •   ASDI
  •   PRD
  •   PAN
  •   PS
  •   UEDS
  •   L
  •   PCP
  •   PEV
  •   BE
  •   MDP
  •   UDP

Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic

See also

Notes

  1. ^ أ ب All of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bermuda, Cyprus, Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and Greenland), France (including Overseas France), Georgia, Lebanon, Netherlands (including the Dutch Caribbean), Russia (including its Asian part), Spain (including the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla), Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey (including its Asian part), Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included in the constituency of Europe, despite being partially or entirely outside geographic Europe. All of Kazakhstan, including its geographically European part, is included in the constituency of Outside Europe.[1][2]
  2. ^ In Azores, the PSD, the CDS–PP, and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM) contested the elections in a coalition called Democratic Alliance (Aliança Democrática).
  3. ^ In Madeira, the PSD and the CDS–PP contested the elections in a coalition called Madeira First (Madeira Primeiro).
  4. ^ PPM list only in Madeira
  5. ^ Democratic Alliance results are compared to the combined totals of the Social Democratic Party, the Democratic and Social Centre and the People's Monarchist Party in the 2022 election.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Confidence & supply gov't

References

  1. ^ Number of voters by district/island/continent, council/country, parish/consulate and consular post, Ministry of Internal Administration of Portugal, 31 December 2023 (in برتغالية).
  2. ^ Number of voters and consular posts by electoral constituency, for the election to the Council of Portuguese Communities of 26 November 2023, National Elections Commission of Portugal (in برتغالية).
  3. ^ "Official map no. 1-A/2024" (PDF) (in البرتغالية). National Elections Commission of Portugal. 16 January 2024.
  4. ^ "MAS de Renata Cambra está impedido de concorrer às legislativas de 10 de março" Archived 14 فبراير 2024 at the Wayback Machine, Visão, 9 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Comissão Nacional de Eleições Mapa Oficial n.º 2-A/2024" (PDF). Comissão Nacional de Eleições. 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

External links

قالب:Parliaments in Europe