قائمة ملوك هولندا

Coat of arms of the Netherlands

This is a list of monarchs of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koningen der Nederlanden). By practical extension, the list includes the stadtholders of the House of Orange Nassau since 1556. However, they were voted into office by, and were civil servants and generals of, the semi-independent provinces of the Dutch Republic and cannot be seen as monarchs. From William IV they were the direct male line ancestors of later monarchs when the monarchy was established in 1813 (first as a Sovereign Principality, but in 1815 as a Kingdom).

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Dutch Republic (1581–1795)

The origin of the Dutch monarchy can be traced back to the appointment of William I, Prince of Orange as stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht in 1559 by Philip II of Spain. However, he was removed from office and became the leader of the Dutch Revolt. Consequently, the States-General appointed him as stadtholder of both rebelling provinces, Holland and Zeeland, in 1572. During the Dutch Revolt, most of the Dutch provinces declared their independence with the Act of Abjuration, signed on 26 July 1581 in The Hague in conformation with the decision made by the States-General. The representative function of the stadtholder became obsolete in the rebellious northern Netherlands – the feudal Lord himself having been abolished – but the office nevertheless continued in these provinces who now united themselves into the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. All stadtholders after William I were drawn from his descendants or the descendants of his brother, who were also the descendants of his granddaughter Albertina Agnes of Nassau-Orange.

In 1795 the Republic was overthrown by the French Republic and replaced with the Batavian Republic. In 1806 Napoleon abolished the new republic and made his brother King of Holland. However, in 1810 Napoleon invaded the Netherlands and annexed them to France. In 1813, Allied forces drove out the French. The Dutch called back William Frederick, the son of the last stadtholder, to head the new government. He was proclaimed "sovereign prince". In 1815, he raised the Netherlands to the status of a kingdom and proclaimed himself King William I. The kingdom was enlarged with the Southern Netherlands, now Belgium and Luxembourg, soon after.


Stadtholderate under the House of Orange-Nassau

الاسم
 العمر
 تولى الحكم
 ترك الحكم
 هوامش
 العائلة
 صورة
William I
  • the Silent
  • Willem I
 (1533-04-24)24 أبريل 1533 – 10 يوليو 1584(1584-07-10) (aged 51) 26 July 1581 10 July 1584 Stadtholder,[1] son of William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg Orange-Nassau
Willem van Oranje wapen.svg		 William, Prince of Orange
Maurice
  • Maurits
 (1567-11-14)14 نوفمبر 1567 – 23 أبريل 1625(1625-04-23) (aged 57) 14 November 1585[2] 23 April 1625 Stadtholder,[3] son of William I and Anna of Saxony Orange-Nassau
Willem van Oranje wapen.svg
Frederick Henry
  • Frederik Hendrik
 (1584-01-29)29 يناير 1584 – 14 مارس 1647(1647-03-14) (aged 63) 23 April 1625 14 March 1647 Stadtholder,[4] son of William I and Louise de Coligny Orange-Nassau
Willem van Oranje wapen.svg
William II
  • Willem II
 (1626-05-27)27 مايو 1626 – 6 نوفمبر 1650(1650-11-06) (aged 24) 14 March 1647 6 November 1650 Stadtholder,[5] son of Frederick Henry and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels Orange-Nassau
Willem van Oranje wapen.svg
William III
  • Willem III
 (1650-11-04)4 نوفمبر 1650 – 8 مارس 1702(1702-03-08) (aged 51) 4 July 1672 8 March 1702 Stadtholder,[6] son of William II and Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange also King of England, Scotland and Ireland Orange-Nassau
Willem van Oranje wapen.svg
William IV
  • Willem IV
 (1711-09-01)1 سبتمبر 1711 – 22 أكتوبر 1751(1751-10-22) (aged 40) 4 May 1747 22 October 1751 First formally hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands,[7] son of John William Friso and Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel Orange-Nassau
Willem van Oranje wapen.svg
William V
  • Willem V
 (1748-03-08)8 مارس 1748 – 9 أبريل 1806(1806-04-09) (aged 58) 22 October 1751 19 January 1795 Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands, son of William IV and Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, deposed by the Batavian Revolution Orange-Nassau
Willem van Oranje wapen.svg

When William III died childless, the patrilineal ancestry of Orange-Nassau became extinct. In contrast to other provinces of the Dutch Republic, Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe had mostly drawn its stadtholders from the House of Nassau, that starting with John VI, the brother of William of Orange, and comprises in addition a matrilineal ancestry with the house of Orange-Nassau.

Stadtholderate under the House of Nassau

الاسم
 العمر
 تولى الحكم
 ترك الحكم
 هوامش
 العائلة
 صورة
John VI
  • the Elder
  • Jan VI
 (1536-11-22)22 نوفمبر 1536 – 8 أكتوبر 1606(1606-10-08) (aged 69) 1578 1581 Stadtholder,[8] son of William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg, brother of William I Nassau
Arms of Nassau.svg
William Louis
  • Our Father
  • Willem Lodewijk
 (1560-03-13)13 مارس 1560 – 31 مايو 1620(1620-05-31) (aged 60) 1584 1620 Stadtholder,[9] son of John VI and Countess Elisabeth of Leuchtenberg Nassau
Arms of Nassau.svg
Ernest Casimir I
  • Ernst Casimir I
 (1573-12-22)22 ديسمبر 1573 – 2 يونيو 1632(1632-06-02) (aged 58) 1620 1632 Stadtholder,[10] son of John VI and Countess Elisabeth of Leuchtenberg Nassau
Arms of Nassau.svg
Henry Casimir I
  • Hendrik Casimir I
 (1612-01-21)21 يناير 1612 – 13 يوليو 1640(1640-07-13) (aged 28) 1632 1640 Stadtholder,[11] son of Ernest Casimir I and Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg Nassau
Arms of Nassau.svg
William Frederick
  • Willem Frederik
 (1613-08-07)7 أغسطس 1613 – 31 أكتوبر 1664(1664-10-31) (aged 51) 1640 1664 Stadtholder,[12] son of Ernest Casimir I and Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg Nassau
Arms of Nassau.svg
Henry Casimir II
  • Hendrik Casimir II
 (1657-01-18)18 يناير 1657 – 25 مارس 1696(1696-03-25) (aged 39) 18 January 1664 25 March 1696 Hereditary Stadtholder,[13] son of William Frederick and Albertine Agnes of Nassau, maternal grandson of Frederick Henry Nassau
Arms of Nassau.svg
John William Friso
  • Johan Willem Friso
 (1687-08-04)4 أغسطس 1687 – 14 يوليو 1711(1711-07-14) (aged 23) 25 March 1696 14 July 1711 Hereditary Stadtholder,[14] son of Henry Casimir II and Princess Henriëtte Amalia of Anhalt-Dessau, succeeded by his son William IV of Orange-Nassau, Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands Nassau
Arms of Nassau.svg


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Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)

الاسم
 العمر
 تولى الحكم
 ترك الحكم
 هوامش
 العائلة
 صورة
Louis I
  • the Good
  • Lodewijk I
 (1778-09-02)2 سبتمبر 1778 – 25 يوليو 1846(1846-07-25) (aged 67) 5 June 1806 1 July 1810 Son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte
Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg		 Louis I of Holland
Louis II
  • Lodewijk II
 (1804-10-11)11 أكتوبر 1804 – 17 مارس 1831(1831-03-17) (aged 26) 1 July 1810 9 July 1810 Son of Louis I and Hortense de Beauharnais Bonaparte
Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Holland (1808).svg		 Louis II of Holland

Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815)

الاسم
 العمر
 تولى الحكم
 ترك الحكم
 هوامش
 العائلة
 صورة
William Frederick
  • Willem Frederik
 (1772-08-24)24 أغسطس 1772 – 12 ديسمبر 1843(1843-12-12) (aged 71) 6 December 1813 16 March 1815 Son of the last Stadtholder William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange, raised the Netherlands to a Kingdom status in 1815 Orange-Nassau
Coat of Arms of Sovereign Prince William I of Orange		 William Frederick of the Netherlands

Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–present)

الاسم
 العمر
 تولى الحكم
 ترك الحكم
 هوامش
 العائلة
 صورة
William I
  • Willem I
 (1772-08-24)24 أغسطس 1772 – 12 ديسمبر 1843(1843-12-12) (aged 71) 16 March 1815 7 October 1840 Son of the last Stadtholder William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange

Abdicated		 Orange-Nassau
Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg		 William I of the Netherlands
William II
  • Willem II
 (1792-12-06)6 ديسمبر 1792 – 17 مارس 1849(1849-03-17) (aged 56) 7 October 1840 17 March 1849 Son of William I and Wilhelmine of Prussia Orange-Nassau
Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg		 William II of the Netherlands
William III
  • Willem III
 (1817-02-19)19 فبراير 1817 – 23 نوفمبر 1890(1890-11-23) (aged 73) 17 March 1849 23 November 1890 Son of William II and Anna Pavlovna of Russia Orange-Nassau
Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg		 William III of the Netherlands
Wilhelmina
(1880-08-31)31 أغسطس 1880 – 28 نوفمبر 1962(1962-11-28) (aged 82) 23 November 1890 4 September 1948 Daughter of William III and Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Abdicated		 Orange-Nassau
Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg		 Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Juliana
(1909-04-30)30 أبريل 1909 – 20 مارس 2004(2004-03-20) (aged 94) 4 September 1948 30 April 1980 Daughter of Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Wilhelmina

Abdicated		 Orange-Nassau
Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg		 Juliana of the Netherlands
Beatrix
31 يناير 1938 (العمر 86 سنة) 30 April 1980 30 April 2013 Daughter of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld and Juliana

Abdicated		 Orange-Nassau
Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg		 Beatrix of the Netherlands
William-Alexander
  • Willem-Alexander
 27 أبريل 1967 (العمر 57 سنة) 30 April 2013 Incumbent Son of Prince Claus, Jonkheer van Amsberg and Beatrix Orange-Nassau
Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg		 William-Alexander of the Netherlands


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See also

References

  1. ^ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (1559–1584), Stadtholder of Friesland and Overijssel (1580–1584)
  2. ^ Maurits benoemd als stadhouder, 1585, Europeana
  3. ^ Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland (1585–1625), Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel (1590–1625), Groningen (1620–1625)
  4. ^ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel (1620–1625), Groningen and Drenthe (1640–1647)
  5. ^ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel
  6. ^ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Overijssel (1672–1702), Guelders (1675–1702), Drenthe (1696–1702)
  7. ^ Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland (1711–1747), Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Overijssel (April/May 1747 – November 1747), Stadtholder of Groningen (1718–1747), Guelders and Drenthe (1722–1747), was formally voted the first Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Provinces (1747–1751)
  8. ^ Stadtholder of Guelders (under Philip II), architect of the Union of Utrecht
  9. ^ Stadtholder of Friesland (1584–1620), Groningen (1594–1620) and Drenthe (1596–1620)
  10. ^ Stadtholder of Friesland (1620–1632), Groningen and Drenthe (1625–1632)
  11. ^ Stadtholder of Friesland (1632–1640), Groningen and Drenthe (1632–1640)
  12. ^ Stadtholder of Friesland (1640–1664), Groningen and Drenthe (1650–1664)
  13. ^ In 1675 the State of Friesland voted to make the Stadtholdership hereditary in the house of Nassau-Dietz
  14. ^ Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland (1707–1711) and Groningen (1708–1711)
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