ردم البحر

Reclaiming in Perth, Australia 1964

Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, riverbeds, or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill.

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الوسائل

Habitation

East Coast Park in Singapore was built on reclaimed land with a man-made beach.
The Flevopolder in the Netherlands, reclaimed from the IJsselmeer, is the largest reclaimed artificial island in the world.
Land Reclamation in the Beirut Central District
The whole district of Fontvieille, Monaco was reclaimed from the sea

Instances where the creation of new land was for the need of human activities.

الأمثلة البارزة تضم:

آسيا

الزراعة

Land reclamation in progress in Bingzhou (丙州) Peninsula (formerly, island) of the Dongzui Bay (东咀港). Tong'an District, Xiamen, China

استعادة الشواطئ

الوقع البيئي

Parts (highlighted in brown) of the San Francisco Bay were reclaimed from wetlands for urban use.

التشريعات البيئية

A map of reclaimed land in Hong Kong: Grey (built), red (proposed or under development). Many of the urban areas of Hong Kong are on reclaimed land.


كميات الردم المضافة

about 1/6 (almost 17%) of the entire country, or about 7,000 square kilometres (2,700 sq mi) in total, has been reclaimed from the sea, lakes, marshes and swamps. The province of Flevoland has almost completely been reclaimed from the Zuiderzee.
  • South Korea – As of 2006, 38 percent or 1,550 square kilometres (600 sq mi) of coastal wetlands reclaimed, including 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi) at Saemangeum. Songdo International Business district, the largest private development in history, is a large-scale reclamation project built entirely on tidal mudflats.
  • Singapore – 20 percent of the original size or 135 square kilometres (52 sq mi). اعتبارا من 2003, plans for 99 square kilometres (38 sq mi) more are to go ahead,[2] despite the fact that disputes persist with Malaysia over Singapore's extensive land reclamation works.[3]
  • Hong Kong – (Main article: Land reclamation in Hong Kong)
Praya Reclamation Scheme began in the late 1860s and consisted of two stages totaling 20 to 24 hectares (50 to 60 acres).[4] Hong Kong Disneyland, Hong Kong International Airport, and its predecessor, Kai Tak Airport, were all built on reclaimed land. In addition, much reclamation has taken place in prime locations on the waterfront on both sides of Victoria Harbour. This has raised environmental issues of the protection of the harbour which was once the source of prosperity of Hong Kong, traffic congestion in the Central district,[5] as well as the collusion of the Hong Kong Government with the real estate developers in the territory.[6][7]
In addition, as the city expands, new towns in different decades were mostly built on reclaimed land, such as Tuen Mun, Tai Po, Shatin-Ma On Shan, West Kowloon, Kwun Tong and Tseung Kwan O.
Country Reclaimed land (km2) Note
 الصين 13,500+ Land reclamation in China
 هولندا 7,000 Flevoland, de Beemster, Afsluitdijk
Land reclamation in the Netherlands
 كوريا الجنوبية 1,550
 الولايات المتحدة 1,000+ Artificial islands of the United States
 اليابان 500+
 الإمارات العربية المتحدة 470 Land reclamation in the UAE
 البحرين 410
 سنغافورة 135 Land reclamation in Singapore
 بنگلادش 110
 قطر 35
 مكاو 17
 نيوزيلندا 3.3 Reclamation of Wellington Harbour[14]
 سريلانكا 2.33 km2 (0.90 sq mi) Colombo International Financial City[15]
 المالديڤ 0.62 [16]
 موناكو 0.41 Land reclamation in Monaco


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انظر أيضاً


المراجع

  1. ^ ""Bangladesh fights for survival against climate change," by William Wheeler and Anna-Katarina Gravgaard, The Washington Times". Pulitzercenter.org. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  2. ^ "Singapore Finds it Hard to Expand Without Sand". Planet Ark. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
  3. ^ "Singapore". The World Factbook. CIA. 1 September 2010. section Transnational issues. Retrieved 1 October 2010. disputes persist with Malaysia over […] extensive land reclamation works
  4. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Bard
  5. ^ "Courts protect our imperiled waterway – at least for the time being". Hong Kong Standard. August 14, 2006. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved 2007-03-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ DeGolyer, Michael (March 15, 2007). "Commentary: Just Looking for Answers". Hong Kong Standard. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved 2007-03-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Ng, Michael (October 5, 2006). "Lawmaker warns of West Kowloon arts venue glut". Hong Kong Standard. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved 2007-03-23. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ gov.mo
  9. ^ "Philippine Reclamation Authority". http://pea.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2016-05-06. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Japan Fact Sheet". Japan Reference. Retrieved 2007-03-23.
  11. ^ Chief, Habib Toumi, Bahrain Bureau (2010-01-12). "Bahrain parliament wants solution to land reclamation issue". GulfNews. Retrieved 2018-02-04.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Charles Fairbairn (2017-04-04). "Auckland International Airport: A work in progress". Contractor Magazine.
  13. ^ Wellington City Council — Off to a flying start with Wellington Airport
  14. ^ "150 years of news: How reclamations shaped Wellington". Stuff. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
  15. ^ {{Site web|url=http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_International_Financial_City
  16. ^ "UAE Dredging Company Gulf Cobla Delivers Maldives Airport Land Reclamation for Expansion Project - International Dredging Review - May-June 2017". www.dredgemag.com. Retrieved 2017-12-13.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Land use