بيت پلانتاجنت

House of Plantagenet
Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg
Armorial of Plantagenet
البيت الأمAngevins
البلدKingdom of England, Kingdom of France, Lordship of Ireland, Principality of Wales
تأسست1126
المؤسسGeoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
آخر حاكمRichard III of England
الألقاب
الانحلال1485
الفروع

بيت پلانتاجنت (إنگليزية: Plantagenet؛ /plænˈtæənət/ plan-TAJ-ə-nət) هي أسرة حكمت إنكلترا بين عامي 1154 - 1485. بعد أن قام وليام القاهر باحتلال إنكلترا عام 1066 أنشأ ما عرف بالأسرة النورماندية وظلت تحكم 88 عاما حتى تزوجت حفيدته ماتيلدا ابنة هنري الأول الكونت جوفري بلإنتاجينيه كونت أنجو (لذا تدعى أحيانا بالأنجوية) وساعدها ضد قريبها الملك ستيفن، وبعد أن كانت الأملاك الفرنسية تضم نورماندي وماين منذ عهد وليام الفاتح فقد ضمت أيضا مقاطعة أنجو وعندما تزوج ابنهما هنري من إليانور دي أكيتان ضم أملاكها وأصبح يملك من الأراضي الفرنسية أكثر من ملك فرنسا نفسه.

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الملوك

إدوارد الأمير الأسود لم يحكم أحد أبطال حرب المائة عام وسحق الفرنسيين في بواتييه، مات سنة 1376.

  • ريتشارد الثاني 1377 – 1399: خلف جده بعد موت أبيه إدوارد الأمير الأسود وهو في العاشرة، نشبت في عهده ثورة الفلاحين بقيادة وات تايلر 1381، خلع ومات في السجن.

بعد ريتشارد الثاني تفاقمت المشاكل في الأسرة بين أحفاد إدوارد الثالث أبناء جون دوق لانكاستر فيما يعرف بـأسرة لانكاستر من جهة وأبناء ليونيل وإدموند من جهة أخرى فيما يعرف بـأسرة يورك.


أسرة لانكاستر

  • هنري الرابع 1399 – 1413 سجن ريتشارد الثاني وأخمد العديد من الثورات.

أسرة يورك

حينما تزوجت الأميرة مارغريت من نسل جون أوف لانكاستر من سليل أسرة ويلزية يدعى إدموند تيودور أنجبت هنري تيودور الذي أنهى حرب الوردتين ووحد إنكلترا تحت سلطانه وعرف بـهنري السابع ودخلت إنكلترا معه في عهد جديد.

شجرة العائلة

This family tree includes only male members of the House of Plantagenet who were born legitimate.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
المفتاح
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
بيت لانكاستر
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
بيت يورك
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
جفري الخامس،
كونت أنجو

1113–1151
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry II،
ملك إنگلترة

1133–1189
 
Geoffrey،
Count of Nantes

1134–1158
 
William FitzEmpress
1136–1164
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry،
الملك الأصغر لإنگلترة

1155–1183
 
Richard I،
ملك إنگلترة

1157–1199
 
Geoffrey II،
Duke of Brittany

1158–1186
 
 
 
 
 
 
جون،
ملك إنگلترة

1167–1216
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Arthur I،
Duke of Brittany

1187–1203
 
Henry III،
ملك إنگلترة

1207–1272
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richard،
ملك ألمانيا

1209–1272
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
إدوارد الأول،
ملك إنگلترة

1239–1307
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Edmund،
1st Earl of Lancaster

1245–1296
 
Henry of Almain
1235–1271
 
Edmund،
2nd Earl of Cornwall

1249–1300
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alphonso،
Earl of Chester

1273–1284
 
Edward II،
ملك إنگلترة

1284–1327
 
Thomas،
1st Earl of Norfolk

1300–1338
 
Edmund،
1st Earl of Kent

1301–1330
 
Thomas،
2nd Earl of Lancaster

1278–1322
 
Henry،
3rd Earl of Lancaster

1281–1345
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Edward III،
ملك إنگلترة

1312–1377
 
John،
Earl of Cornwall

1316–1336
 
Edmund،
2nd Earl of Kent

1326–1331
 
John،
3rd Earl of Kent

1330–1352
 
 
 
Henry،
1st Duke of Lancaster

1310–1361
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Edward،
Prince of Wales

1330–1376
 
Lionel،
1st Duke of Clarence

1338–1368
 
John،
1st Duke of Lancaster

1340–1399
 
 
 
Edmund, 1st Duke of York
1341–1402
 
 
 
Thomas،
1st Duke of Gloucester

1355–1397
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Richard II،
ملك إنگلترة

1367–1400
 
 
 
 
 
Henry IV،
ملك إنگلترة

1366–1413
 
Edward،
2nd Duke of York

1373–1415
 
Richard،
3rd Earl of Cambridge

1375–1415
 
Humphrey،
2nd Earl of Buckingham

1381–1399
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry V،
ملك إنگلترة

1386–1422
 
Thomas،
1st Duke of Clarence

1387–1421
 
John،
1st Duke of Bedford

1389–1435
 
Humphrey،
1st Duke of Gloucester

1390–1447
 
Richard،
3rd Duke of York

1411–1460
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry VI،
ملك إنگلترة

1421–1471
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Edward IV،
ملك إنگلترة

1442–1483
 
Edmund،
Earl of Rutland

1443–1460
 
George،
1st Duke of Clarence

1449–1478
 
Richard III،
ملك إنگلترة

1452–1485
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Edward،
Prince of Wales

1453–1471
 
 
 
 
 
Edward V،
ملك إنگلترة

1470-?
 
Richard،
1st Duke of York

1473-?
 
 
 
Edward،
17th Earl of Warwick

1475–1499
 
Edward،
Prince of Wales

1473–1484


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للاستزادة

الألقاب

الألقاب

Title Held Designation and details
Count of Anjou 870–1204 ancestral family title, originating with Ingelger. Remained under direct control of the Plantagenets until Philip II of France captured the county and merged it with the House of Capet royal holdings.
Count of Maine 1110–1203 ancestral family title, inherited by the House of Anjou after the marriage of Ermengarde of Maine with Fulk V of Anjou. It was captured and merged into the House of Capet royal holdings.
King of Jerusalem 1131–1143 title held by the grandfather of Henry II of England named Fulk of Jerusalem. Ruled for a while by their cousins. The Plantagenets followed up their claim in the Third and Ninth Crusades but never regained it.
Duke of Normandy 1144–1485 also used Count of Mortain title. Due to be handed to the Plantagenets during The Anarchy but Geoffrey V of Anjou conquered it early. Mainland holdings lost to Valois in 1259, but title continued to be used in relation to Channel Islands. Eventually lost to House of Tudor.
Duke of Aquitaine 1152–1422 titles Duke of Gascony and Count of Poitiers also used. The Duchy became part of the Plantagenet holdings after Eleanor of Aquitaine married Henry II. Eventually lost to House of Valois.
King of England 1154–1485 title became part of the Plantagenet holdings after the Treaty of Wallingford. The title was inherited through Matilda, Lady of the English. Eventually lost to the House of Tudor.
Lord of Ireland 1177–1485 title was a Plantagenet holding since 1177, replacing the High Kings of Ireland title. Eventually lost to the Tudors; Henry VIII of England later raised the Lordship to a Monarchal title.
Duke of Brittany 1181–1203 title Count of Nantes also used. Became Plantagenet title after marriage of Constance, Duchess of Brittany and Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany. Strongly linked to Earl of Richmond title.
Lord of Cyprus 1191–1192 title was briefly held by Richard the Lionheart after his conquest of the island, he then sold the island to Guy of Lusignan who raised Cyprus from a Lordship into the Kingdom of Cyprus.
King of Sicily 1254–1263 titular claim rather than de facto. Pope Alexander IV had declared Sicily a papal possession and offered the crown to Henry III's son Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. The next Pope reversed the offer and the Plantagenets never succeeded in taking the kingdom, but took the claim seriously.
King of Germany
and
King of the Romans
1257–1272 Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall was elected king in opposition to the claim of Alfonso X of Castile, and after extensive lobbying and bribery. He was crowned in 1257 at Aachen as King of Germany. As such, he could claim the title of King of the Romans as emperor-elect. Since the pope supported Alfonso, he never crowned Richard as emperor. Richard only made four brief visits to Germany, and his sons were not considered as possible successors.
Prince of Wales 1301–1484 Originally a fief of the Angevin Empire, it was given to the first-born son of the King of England after the Aberffraw dynasty rebelled against their vassal. Eventually lost to the Tudors.
King of France 1340–1485 Mostly titular, rather than de facto. The Plantagenets claimed to be the senior continuation of the House of Capet after the Direct Capetians line came to an end. During part of the Lancastrian period of rule there was a time when this was de facto rulership.
عهود ملوك پلانتاجنت على إنگلترة

عهود ملوك پلانتاجنت على إنگلترة

پورتريه Name From Until Relationship with predecessor
Henry II of England.png Henry II of England
(Henry Curtmantle)
19 December 1154 6 July 1189 son of Empress Matilda, heir to the English throne but was usurped by his cousin, Stephen I of England.
Henry the Young King.jpg Henry the Young King 14 June 1170 11 June 1183 coregent at age 15 onwards with his father, Henry II of England.
Richard I of England.png Richard I of England
(Richard Cœur de Lion, or the "Lionheart")
3 September 1189 6 April 1199 son of Henry II of England.
John of England.png John of England
(John Lackland)
27 May 1199 19 October 1216 son of Henry II of England. Brother of issueless Richard I of England.
Henry III of England.png Henry III of England 28 October 1216 16 November 1272 son of John of England.
Edward I of England.png Edward I of England
(Edward Longshanks)
20 November 1272 7 July 1307 son of Henry III of England.
Edward II Plantagenet of England.jpg Edward II of England 7 July 1307 25 January 1327 son of Edward I of England.
King Edward III from NPG.jpg Edward III of England 25 January 1327 21 June 1377 son of Edward II of England.
Richard II of England.png Richard II of England
(Richard "of Bordeaux")
21 June 1377 29 September 1399 son of Edward, the Black Prince and grandson of Edward III of England.
Henry IV of England.png Henry IV of England
(Henry Bolingbroke)
30 September 1399 20 March 1413 First King from the House of Lancaster, cousin of Richard II of England, whom he had murdered. Son of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and grandson of Edward III.
Henry5.JPG Henry V of England 20 March 1413 31 August 1422 son of Henry IV of England.
Henry VI of England.png Henry VI of England 31 August 1422 4 March 1461 son of Henry V of England.
30 October 1470 11 April 1471
EdwardIVofEngland-Yorkist.jpg Edward IV of England 4 March 1461 30 October 1470 First King of the House of York, cousin of Henry VI of England. Son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, common heir-general of Lionel of Antwerp and Edmund of Langley, both sons of Edward III
11 April 1471 9 April 1483
King Edward V from NPG.jpg Edward V of England 9 April 1483 25 June 1483 son of Edward IV of England.
Richard III of England.jpg Richard III of England 26 June 1483 22 August 1485 uncle of Edward V of England. Son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York.
خط زمني للملوك


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خط زمني للملوك

Richard III of EnglandEdward V of EnglandEdward IV of EnglandHenry VI of EnglandHenry V of EnglandHenry IV of EnglandRichard II of EnglandEdward III of EnglandEdward II of EnglandEdward I of EnglandHenry III of EnglandJohn of EnglandRichard I of EnglandHenry the Young KingHenry II of EnglandHouse of YorkHouse of LancasterHouse of YorkHouse of LancasterAngevin

الهامش

Footnotes

Bibliography

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  • Rogers, Clifford J (1999). The Wars of Edward III: Sources and Interpretations. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 0-85115-646-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Rothwell, H. (ed.) (1975). English Historical Documents III, 1189–1327. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. pp. 527–539. ISBN 0-413-23310-3. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Rubenstein, W.D. (1996). A History of the Jews in the English-Speaking World: Great Britain. Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-55833-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Saul, Nigel (1997). Richard II. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07003-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Schama, Simon (2000). A History of Britain – At the edge of the world. BBC. ISBN 0-563-53483-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Smedley, Edward (1836). The History of France, from the final partition of the Empire of Charlemagne to the Peace of Cambray. Baldwin and Craddock. p. 72. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Smith, Richard M (1991). Demographic developments in rural England, 1300–1348: a survey". In B.M.S. Campbell. Before the Black Death: Studies in The 'Crisis' of the Early Fourteenth Century. Manchester University Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 0-7190-3208-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Stanford, John L (2002). The Great Governing Families of England. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 1-4021-5901-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Stubbs, William (1875). The Constitutional History of England. The Clarendon Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sumption, Jonathan (1990). Trial by Battle: The Hundred Years War, Vol. 1: Trial by Battle v. 1. Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-20095-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Swanson, R.N. (1995). Religion and Devotion in Europe, c. 1215-c. 1515. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37950-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Turchin, Peter V (2003). Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall. Princeton. ISBN 0-691-11669-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Turner, Ralph V (2003). Magna Carta: Through the Ages. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-43826-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Turner, Ralph V (1994). King John (The Medieval World). Longman Medieval World Series. ISBN 978-0-582-06726-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • United Nations (1992). Summaries of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders of the International Court of Justice: Minquiers and Ecrehos Case Judgment of 17 November 1953. United Nations. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Vauchez, Andre (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Routledge. ISBN 1-57958-282-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Wagner, John (2001). Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-358-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Warren, Wilfred Lewis (1978). King John, Revised Edition. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03643-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Waugh, Scott L (1991). England in the Reign of Edward III. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31039-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Weir, Alison (1995). Lancaster & York – The Wars of the Roses. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-6674-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Weir, Alison (2006). Isabella:She-wolf of France, Queen of Englandl Families. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-7126-4194-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Families. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-09-953973-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

وصلات خارجية

House of Plantagenet
الفرع الأصغر من Angevins
الاطاحة: 1485
الحل: 1541
سبقه
House of Blois
Ruling House of England
1154–1485
تبعه
House of Tudor
سبقه
House of Penthièvre
Ruling House of Brittany
1181–1203
تبعه
House of Thouars