أورن (إقليم فرنسي)

لمعلومات عن French rivers called Orne، انظر أورن (توضيح).

Orne
Department
Prefecture building of the Orne department, in Alençon
Flag Seal Coat of arms
Location of Orne in France
الإحداثيات: 48°42′N 0°0′E
Country	فرنسا
Region	Normandy
Prefecture	Alençon
Subprefectures	Argentan Mortagne-au-Perche
الحكومة
• President of the Departmental Council	Christophe de Balorre
المساحة [1]
• الإجمالي	6٬103 كم² (2٬356 ميل²)
التعداد  (يناير 2019)
• الإجمالي	279٬942
• الترتيب	78th
• الكثافة	46/km2 (120/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number	61
Arrondissements	3
Cantons	21
Communes	385
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

أورن (بالفرنسية Orne، النطق الفرنسي: [ɔʁn]  ( استمع); Norman: Ôrnecode: nrf is deprecated or Ornecode: nrf is deprecated ) إقليم في شمال غرب فرنسا، سمي على اسم نهر أورن. It had a population of 279,942 in 2019.

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 التاريخ

Orne is one of the original 83 départements created during the French Revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Normandy and Perche. It is the birthplace of Charlotte Corday, Girondist and the assassin of Jean-Paul Marat.

 الجغرافيا

Orne is in the region of Normandy neighbouring Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Sarthe, Manche, Mayenne, and Calvados. وهو الإقليم الوحيد في نورماندي الذي لا يطل على القنال الإنگليزي.

 التضاريس والجيولوجيا

The Orne is a hilly department, except at the level of the plain of Argentan . The south-west of the department is formed by the hills of Normandy (belonging to the Armorican Massif ), the south-east by the hills of Perche. The east of the department is part of the Paris Basin .

Two particular regions, the Suisse Normande and the Alpes mancelles , are particularly touristic because of their picturesque reliefs respectively formed by the Orne and the Sarthe .

The highest point in the Orne is the Signal d'Écouves (413 m ), it is also the highest point in Normandy . It is located in the forest of Écouves , north of Alençon . Butte Chaumont (378 m ) is another peak in the Écouves forest.

 التقسيمات الإدارية

خريطة الدوائر الإدارية و الكانتونات في أورن

 الاقتصاد

The largest town by a considerable margin is the prefecture, Alençon, which is an administrative and commercial centre for what is still an overwhelmingly rural department. There are no large industrial centres, and agriculture remains the economic focus.

 السكان

التعداد التاريخي
السنة تعداد ±% سنوياً 1801 395٬738 —     1806 424٬669 +1.42% 1821 422٬884 −0.03% 1831 441٬881 +0.44% 1841 442٬072 +0.00% 1851 439٬884 −0.05% 1861 423٬350 −0.38% 1872 398٬250 −0.55% 1881 376٬126 −0.63% 1891 354٬387 −0.59% 1901 326٬952 −0.80% 1911 307٬433 −0.61% 1921 274٬814 −1.12%	السنة تعداد ±% سنوياً 1931 273٬717 −0.04% 1936 269٬331 −0.32% 1946 273٬181 +0.14% 1954 274٬862 +0.08% 1962 280٬549 +0.26% 1968 288٬524 +0.47% 1975 293٬523 +0.25% 1982 295٬472 +0.09% 1990 293٬204 −0.10% 1999 292٬337 −0.03% 2006 292٬874 +0.03% 2011 290٬891 −0.14% 2016 285٬308 −0.39%
Sources:

The inhabitants of the department are called Ornais.

The recorded population level peaked at 443,688 in 1836. Declining farm incomes and the lure of better prospects in the overseas empire led to a sustained reduction in population levels in many rural departments. By the time of the 1936 census, the recorded population stood at just 269,331. Once motor car ownership started to surge in the 1960s, employment opportunities became less restricted and by 1982, the population level had recovered a little to 295,000, after which it slowly decreased.

 البلدات الرئيسية

The most populous commune is Alençon, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:

Commune	Population (2019)
Alençon	25,870
Flers	14,762
Argentan	13,395
L'Aigle	7,961
La Ferté Macé	5,186

 السياسة

The president of the Departmental Council is Christophe de Balorre, elected in 2017.

 الانتخابات الرئاسية - الدورة الثانية

Election		Winning Candidate	Party	%	2nd Place Candidate	Party	%
	2022	Emmanuel Macron	LREM	55.12	Marine Le Pen	RN	44.88
	2017	Emmanuel Macron	LREM	61.64	Marine Le Pen	FN	38.36
	2012	Nicolas Sarkozy	UMP	52.89	François Hollande	PS	47.11
	2007	نيكولا ساركوزي	UMP	57.66	Ségolène Royal	PS	42.34
	2002	Jacques Chirac	RPR	81.30	Jean-Marie Le Pen	FN	18.70

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 النواب الحاليون في الجمعية الوطنية

Constituency		Member	Party
	Orne's 1st constituency	Joaquim Pueyo	Socialist Party
	Orne's 2nd constituency	Véronique Louwagie	The Republicans
	Orne's 3rd constituency	Jérôme Nury	The Republicans

 الثقافة

Alençon is the chief town of the Orne department.

Camembert, the village where Camembert cheese is made, is located in Orne.

The local dialect is known as Augeron.

 السياحة

• 

  Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei, un des plus beaux villages de France
• 

  Lac de Bagnoles-de-l'Orne
• 

  Colombages à Domfront
• 

  Château de Carrouges
• 

  Château de Carrouges

• 

  Château de Domfront

• 

  Abbey of Saint-Evroult-Notre-Dame-du-Bois

• 

  Juvigny-sous-Andaine

• 

  كاممبير

• 

  Haras national du Pin

 انظر أيضاً

• Cantons of the Orne department
• Communes of the Orne department
• Arrondissements of the Orne department
• Orne River
• St. Andre sur Orne

 المصادر

• [2]

 وصلات خارجية

• (بالفرنسية) Prefecture website
• (بالفرنسية) General Council website
• (إنگليزية) Orne at the Open Directory Project

• (إنگليزية) Orne Tourism