سويفت، عيار .220
| .220 Swift | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| النوع | Rifle | |||||||||||||||||||
| مكان الأصل | United States | |||||||||||||||||||
| تاريخ الانتاج | ||||||||||||||||||||
| المصمم | Winchester | |||||||||||||||||||
| تاريخ التصميم | 1935 | |||||||||||||||||||
| الصانع | Winchester | |||||||||||||||||||
| تاريخ الانتاج | 1935–present | |||||||||||||||||||
| تنويعات | Wilson-Wotkyns .220 Arrow[1] | |||||||||||||||||||
| Specifications | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Parent case | 6mm Lee Navy | |||||||||||||||||||
| Case type | Semi-rimmed, bottleneck | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bullet diameter | .224 in (5.7 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Neck diameter | .260 in (6.6 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shoulder diameter | .402 in (10.2 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Base diameter | .445 in (11.3 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rim diameter | .473 in (12.0 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Case length | 2.205 in (56.0 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Overall length | 2.680, 2.580 H.P. bullets | |||||||||||||||||||
| Case capacity | 47 gr H2O (3.0 cm3) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rifling twist | 1 in 14–16 in (360–410 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Primer type | Large rifle | |||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum pressure | 62,000 psi (430 MPa) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum CUP | 54,000[2] CUP | |||||||||||||||||||
| الأداء البالستي | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source(s): Hodgdon[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
.220 Swift هي رصاصة تنتجها شركة وينتشستر في عام 1935، وكانت أول سلاح يصنع محشوا مع سرعه انطلاق من البندقية تزيد عن 4000 قدم/ثانية (1200 متر/ثانية) وهو لا يزال أسرع سلاح يتم تحميله بالأسلحة الصغيرة.[4]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
الوصف
The velocity of the cartridge ranges from 2,000 km/h (1,200 mph; 560 m/s; 1,800 ft/s) up to about 4,500 km/h (2,800 mph; 1,200 m/s; 4,100 ft/s). The Swift is a large-cased .224 caliber cartridge and bullet that was created for small game such as prairie dogs, groundhogs, marmots and other vermin (or "varmints" in the US). When introduced it was 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) faster than its nearest varmint-hunting competitor, which was the .22 Hornet (also .224 caliber).[5] It was found to be an extremely accurate cartridge as well.[6] The .220 Swift is the fastest commercial cartridge in the world, with a published velocity of 1,422 m/s (4,665 ft/s) using a bullet of 1.9 grams (29 gr) and 2.7 grams (42 gr) of 3031 powder.[7]
Due to its very high velocity its bullet drop allows precise sighting to ranges out to 375 yd (343 m), and it is still considered an excellent cartridge for taking varmints by experienced Swift shooters.[بحاجة لمصدر]
The original factory load from Winchester provided a 48-grain (3.1 g) bullet launched at 1,200 metres per second (4,100 ft/s). Handloaders could marginally improve on this but only at maximum loads. The Swift can be loaded with light bullets to reach 1,300 m/s (4,400 ft/s).[8] In recent times 75-grain (4.9 g) .224" bullets have been developed for use in high velocity .22 caliber rifles for taking larger game and long-distance shooting. Heavier bullets perform best in rifles that have an appropriate rifling twist rate taking into consideration the diameter, length, and other physical properties of the projectile.
التاريخ
The prototype for the .220 Swift was developed in 1934–35 by Grosvenor Wotkyns who necked down the .250-3000 Savage as a means of achieving very high velocities. However the final commercial version developed by Winchester is based on the 6mm Lee Navy cartridge necked down, but besides inheriting headspacing on its rim from the parent, a feature already considered obsolete by 1930s, the protruding rim which complicates loading was even made larger to fit with 12mm-wide .30-06 bolt faces. The .220 Swift was developed by Winchester and introduced in 1935 as a new caliber for their Model 54 bolt-action rifle. When the Winchester Model 70 bolt action was first issued in 1936, the .220 Swift was one of the standard calibers offered and continued to be until 1964 when it was discontinued.[9]
انظر أيضاً
- 5 mm caliber, other cartridges of 5–6 mm (.200–.236 in) caliber.p
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- List of rifle cartridges
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- Varmint rifle
المراجع
- ^ Landis, Charles S. Twenty-Two Caliber Varmint Rifles (1947) Small Arms Technical Publishing Company pp.36–43
- ^ Max chamber pressure - saami specs. Return to the index to LASC. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2023, from http://www.lasc.us/SAAMIMaxPressure.htm
- ^ Hodgdon Online Reloading Data Archived نوفمبر 11, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ handbook for shooters and reloaders Volume 1 P.O. Ackley
- ^ Simpson, Layne. "The 220 Swift". Rifle Shooter Magazine. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
- ^ 220 Swift article Archived أغسطس 20, 2016 at the Wayback Machine at Gunners Den
- ^ Handbook for shooters and reloaders volume 1 P.O. Ackley
- ^ Cartridges of the World 12th Edition ISBN 978-0-89689-936-0
- ^ ".220 Swift | Varmint and Small Game Powerhouse round?" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-11-05.