ڤنسترى (الدنمارك)

Venstre, Denmark's Liberal Party
Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti
الزعيمJakob Ellemann-Jensen
الشعارFrihed og fællesskab ("Freedom and community")
تأسس1870, total reform in 1910
المقر الرئيسيSøllerødvej 30,
2840 Holte
الجناح الشبابيVenstres Ungdom
Student wingLiberal Students of Denmark
العضوية  (2020)30,791[1]
الأيديولوجية
الموقف السياسيCentre-right[7]
الانتماء الاوروپيAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
الانتماء الدوليLiberal International
الجماعة بالپرلمان الاوروپيRenew Europe
Nordic affiliationCentre Group
الألوان     Navy blue
الشعار الحاديFrihed og fællesskab ("Freedom and community")
Folketing
23 / 179
European Parliament
3 / 14
Regions[8]
54 / 205
Municipalities[9]
619 / 2٬436
Mayors
34 / 98
الرمز الانتخابي
V
علم الحزب
Flag of the Venstre, Denmark's Liberal Party.svg
الموقع
www.venstre.dk

Venstre[note 1] (النطق الدنماركي: [ˈvenstʁɐ], حرفياً 'Left'), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (إنگليزية: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal,[2][3][4] agrarian[10] political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro-free-market ideology.[11]

Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2019 general elections, Venstre received 23.4% of the vote and 43 out of 179 seats. Its current leader is Jakob Ellemann-Jensen following the resignation of Lars Løkke Rasmussen as chairman on 31 August 2019.[12] Since December 2022, the party has been a junior partner in the second Frederiksen government.

The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has four MEPs in the European Parliament.[13]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الأيديولوجية

Venstre is categorised as centre-right on the political spectrum,[7] although it has been also described as centrist[14][15] and right-wing.[16][17][18][19] Ideologically, it has been described as conservative-liberal,[2][3][4][19] classical-liberal,[20] liberal-conservative,[21][22][23][24] liberal,[25][26][27][28] agrarian,[19] and conservative.[19][29] Additionally, Venstre takes a tough stance regarding immigration and asylums; they had also said that "immigrants should learn Danish and understand and respect Danish culture and traditions".[30][31]

Venstre is a market liberal party[25][32] within the Nordic agrarian tradition,[33] and today is notably more pro–free market than its sister parties.[34][needs update] Since the elections in 2001, Venstre has enacted a so-called "tax stop" in order to halt the growth in taxes seen during the previous eight years under the Social Democrats. This tax stop has been under heavy fire from the parties on the left wing of Danish politics, allegedly for being "asocial" and "only for the rich."[35][36]


التاريخ

Venstre 1945 election material ("Venstre has been dealt a good hand")

1870–1910

Venstre was founded in 1870 under the name Det Forenede Venstre ("The United Left") and originally consisted of multiple conflicting groups, all united under the classical liberal (then the standard left-wing) ideology, the safeguarding of farmers' interests and opposition to the then right-wing classical conservative party Højre (literally "Right"). After the party in 1872 gained an absolute majority in the Folketing, it became the leading voice in the battle for parliamentarism, whereafter the party in 1895 split in two, Venstrereformpartiet ("Venstre Reform Party") and Det Moderate Venstre ("The Moderate Left"). In 1905, social liberal factions split from the party and formed Radikale Venstre (also known as the Danish Social Liberal Party), and in 1910 Venstrereformpartiet and Det Moderate Venstre reunited again under the name Venstre.[37]

1910–2009

With the decreasing numbers of farms and the growing urbanisation, membership and voter support dropped in the 1950s. During the 1960s the party gradually evolved from being a traditional farmers' party to a more general liberal party. In 1984 Uffe Ellemann-Jensen was elected chairman, and by profiling the liberal ideology in sharp confrontation to the Social Democrats, for example by campaigning for a reduction of the public sector, increasing market management and privatisation, and by being pro-EU, the party returned to its historical position as the biggest liberal party in the 1990s.[37]

After a disappointing 1998 general election, Ellemann-Jensen resigned as chairman and Anders Fogh Rasmussen was elected in his place. He immediately changed the party's usual confrontational strategy, instead appealing to the political centre. In the 2001 general elections the party campaigned for tighter immigration policies and a "tax stop", which proved successful and the party once again became the biggest in parliament, winning 31.2% of the vote and 56 seats. Venstre formed a coalition government with the Conservative People's Party and the Danish People's Party. For the first time since 1929 a liberal government was no longer dependent on the centre parties. Despite a small decline in both the 2005 general elections (29% and 52 seats) and the 2007 general elections (26.2% and 46 seats), the party remained the biggest and the coalition government continued.[37]

On 5 April 2009 Fogh Rasmussen resigned as chairman, instead serving as Secretary General of NATO. In his place Lars Løkke Rasmussen was elected.[38]

2009–present

In the 2011 general elections the party gained 26.7% of the vote and 47 seats, but was not able to form a government, instead leading the opposition of Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt's Social Democratic coalition.

Even though the party lost voter support in the 2015 general elections, only gaining 19.5% of the vote, the party formed a minority government. This government was short-lived, and in 2016 Løkke Rasmussen invited the Conservative People's Party and the Liberal Alliance to form a coalition government instead.[39]

During the campaign of the 2019 general elections Løkke Rasmussen published an autobiography, in which he opened up for the possibility of forming a government with the Social Democrats.[40] This was seen as controversial in the liberal "blue bloc", and Social Democratic leader Mette Frederiksen immediately declined the proposition.[41]

Following internal fighting in the party, Løkke Rasmussen and vice chairman Kristian Jensen both resigned on 31 August 2019. On 21 September 2019 political spokesman and former Minister for Environment and Food Jakob Ellemann-Jensen was elected the party's next chairman.[42]

Following the 2022 general election, in which Venstre suffered its worst result since 1988, Venstre joined a grand coalition government led by Social Democrat leader Mette Frederiksen, and also comprising the Moderates, a Venstre splinter formed by former Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen.[43]

Prime Ministers

Leaders since 1929

№ Leader Took office Left office Time in office
1
Thomas Madsen-Mygdal
Madsen, ThomasThomas Madsen-Mygdal
(1876–1943)		1929194112 years
2
Knud Kristensen
Kristensen, KnudKnud Kristensen
(1880–1962)		194119498 years
3Sørensen, EdvardEdvard Sørensen
(1893–1954)		194919501 years
4
Erik Eriksen
Eriksen, ErikErik Eriksen
(1902–1972)		195024 May 196515 years
5
Poul Hartling
Hartling, PoulPoul Hartling
(1914–2000)		24 May 1965December 197712 سنة, 191 يوم
6
Henning Christophersen
Christophersen, HenningHenning Christophersen
(1939–2016)		September 197823 July 19845 سنة, 326 يوم
7
Uffe Ellemann-Jensen
Ellemann, UffeUffe Ellemann-Jensen
(1941–2022)		23 July 198418 March 199813 سنة, 238 يوم
8
Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Rasmussen, AndersAnders Fogh Rasmussen
(born 1953)		18 March 199817 May 200911 سنة, 60 يوم
9
Lars Løkke Rasmussen
Rasmussen, LarsLars Løkke Rasmussen
(born 1964)		17 May 200931 August 201910 سنة, 106 يوم
–
Kristian Jensen
Jensen, KristianKristian Jensen (Acting)
(born 1971)		31 August 201921 September 201921 يوم
10
Jakob Ellemann-Jensen
Jensen, KristianJakob Ellemann-Jensen
(born 1973)		21 September 2019Incumbent4 سنة, 263 يوم


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Origin of the name

The fact that the major centre-right political party in a country calls itself 'Left' is often confusing to foreign (and sometimes Danish) observers. The name has, however, its historical explanation. At the time of its foundation, Venstre affirmed then-progressive ideas in the Danish parliament. Their opponents, Højre (Right), the forerunner of the present-day Conservative People's Party, advocated for established interests, particularly the Church of Denmark and the landed gentry. In current Danish politics there is a clear distinction between the concepts of Venstre (Left, i.e., the party bearing that name) and venstrefløj (left wing, i.e., socialist and other left-leaning parties). The use of the word for "left" in the name of the Danish political party Radikale Venstre (literally: "Radical Left") and the Norwegian party Venstre is meant to refer to liberalism and not socialism.

Members of the party are referred to as venstremænd and venstrekvinder, respectively "Venstre men" and "Venstre women" (singular: -mand, -kvinde).

Election results

Parliament

Election Votes % Seats +/- Government
1872
53 / 104
 New
1873
51 / 104
 Decrease 2
1876
74 / 104
 ▲ 23
1879
65 / 104
 Decrease 9
1881
(May)
69 / 102
 ▲ 4
1881
(Jul)
75 / 102
 ▲ 6
1884 80,000 56.3 (#1)
81 / 102
 ▲ 6
1887 132,000 58.1 (#1)
74 / 102
 Decrease 7
1890 123,000 53.0 (#1)
75 / 102
 ▲ 1
1892 63,000 28.1 (#3)
30 / 102
 Decrease 45
1895 89,530 40.5 (#1)
53 / 114
 ▲ 23
1898 98,070 43.6 (#1)
63 / 114
 ▲ 10
1901 103,495 45.9 (#1)
76 / 114
 ▲ 13 Majority
1903 121,357 49.4 (#1)
73 / 114
 Decrease 3 Majority
1906 94,272 31.2 (#1)
56 / 114
 Decrease 17 Minority
1909 77,949 24.0 (#1)
37 / 114
 Decrease 19 Minority (1909)
(1909–1910)
1910 118,902 34.1 (#1)
57 / 114
 ▲ 20 Majority
1913 103,917 28.6 (#2)
44 / 114
 Decrease 13
1915 8,081 62.8 (#1)
43 / 114
 Decrease 1
1918 269,646 29.4 (#1)
45 / 140
 ▲ 2
1920
(Apr) 		350,563 34.2 (#1)
48 / 140
 ▲ 3 Minority
1920
(Jul) 		344,351 36.1 (#1)
51 / 140
 ▲ 3 Minority
1920
(Sep) 		411,661 34.0 (#1)
51 / 149
 مستقر 0 Minority
1924 362,682 28.3 (#2)
44 / 149
 Decrease 7
1926 378,137 28.3 (#2)
46 / 149
 ▲ 2 Minority
1929 402,121 28.3 (#2)
43 / 149
 Decrease 3
1932 381,862 24.7 (#2)
38 / 149
 Decrease 5
1935 292,247 17.8 (#2)
28 / 149
 Decrease 10
1939 309,355 18.2 (#2)
30 / 149
 ▲ 2 (1939–1940)
Coalition (1940–1943)
1943 376,850 18.7 (#3)
28 / 149
 Decrease 2 Coalition
1945 479,158 23.4 (#2)
38 / 149
 ▲ 10 Minority
1947 529,066 25.4 (#2)
46 / 150
 ▲ 8
1950 438,188 21.3 (#2)
32 / 151
 Decrease 14 Coalition
1953
(Apr) 		456,896 22.1 (#2)
33 / 151
 ▲ 1 Coalition
1953
(Sep) 		499,656 23.1 (#2)
42 / 179
 ▲ 9
1957 578,932 25.1 (#2)
45 / 179
 ▲ 3
1960 512,041 21.1 (#2)
38 / 179
 Decrease 7
1964 547,770 20.8 (#2)
38 / 179
 مستقر 0
1966 539,027 19.3 (#2)
35 / 179
 Decrease 3
1968 530,167 18.6 (#3)
34 / 179
 Decrease 1 Coalition
1971 450,904 15.6 (#3)
30 / 179
 Decrease 4
1973 374,283 12.3 (#3)
22 / 179
 Decrease 8 Minority
1975 711,298 23.3 (#2)
42 / 179
 ▲ 20
1977 371,728 12.0 (#3)
21 / 179
 Decrease 21 (1977–1978)
Coalition (1978–1979)
1979 396,484 12.5 (#2)
22 / 179
 ▲ 1
1981 353,280 11.3 (#4)
20 / 179
 Decrease 2 (1981–1982)
Coalition (1982–1984)
1984 405,737 12.1 (#3)
22 / 179
 ▲ 2 Coalition
1987 354,291 10.5 (#4)
19 / 179
 Decrease 3 Coalition
1988 394,190 11.8 (#4)
22 / 179
 ▲ 3 Coalition
1990 511,643 15.8 (#3)
29 / 179
 ▲ 7 Coalition (1990–1993)
(1993–1994)
1994 775,176 23.3 (#2)
42 / 179
 ▲ 13
1998 817,894 24.0 (#2)
42 / 179
 مستقر 0
2001 1,077,858 31.2 (#1)
56 / 179
 ▲ 14 Coalition
2005 974,636 29.0 (#1)
52 / 179
 Decrease 4 Coalition
2007 908,472 26.2 (#1)
46 / 179
 Decrease 6 Coalition
2011 947,725 26.7 (#1)
47 / 179
 ▲ 1
2015 685,188 19.5 (#3)
34 / 179
 Decrease 13 Minority (2015–2016)
Coalition (2016–2019)
2019 825,486 23.4 (#2)
43 / 179
 ▲ 9
2022 460,546 13.3 (#2)
23 / 179
 Decrease 20 Coalition


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Local elections

Municipal elections
Year Seats
# ±
1925
2٬291 / 11٬289
1929
2٬615 / 11٬329
 ▲ 324
1933
2٬692 / 11٬424
 ▲ 77
1937
2٬374 / 11٬425
 Decrease 318
1943
2٬217 / 10٬569
 Decrease 157
1946
2٬519 / 11٬488
 ▲ 302
1950
2٬342 / 11٬499
 Decrease 177
1954
2٬353 / 11٬505
 ▲ 11
1958
2٬405 / 11٬529
 ▲ 52
1962
2٬196 / 11٬414
 Decrease 209
1966
1٬747 / 10٬005
 Decrease 449
Municipal reform
1970
1٬080 / 4٬677
 Decrease 667
1974
1٬277 / 4٬735
 ▲ 197
1978
1٬155 / 4٬759
 Decrease 122
1981
1٬240 / 4٬769
 ▲ 85
1985
1٬201 / 4٬773
 Decrease 39
1989
1٬261 / 4٬737
 ▲ 60
1993
1٬601 / 4٬703
 ▲ 340
1997
1٬557 / 4٬685
 Decrease 44
2001
1٬666 / 4٬647
 ▲ 109
Municipal reform
2005
804 / 2٬522
 Decrease 862
2009
699 / 2٬468
 Decrease 105
2013
767 / 2٬444
 ▲ 68
2017
688 / 2٬432
 Decrease 79
2021
620 / 2٬436
 Decrease 68
 
Regional elections
Year Seats
# ±
1935 217,375
124 / 299
 New
1943 300,241
123 / 299
 Decrease 1
1946 368,040
139 / 299
 ▲ 16
1950 348,861
128 / 299
 Decrease 11
1954 355,295
127 / 299
 Decrease 1
1958 412,111
135 / 303
 ▲ 8
1962 387,628
127 / 301
 Decrease 8
1966 402,574
115 / 303
 Decrease 12
Municipal reform
1970 449,479
95 / 366
 Decrease 20
1974 400,062
98 / 370
 ▲ 3
1978 411,812
90 / 370
 Decrease 8
1981 457,565
84 / 370
 Decrease 6
1985 418,149
83 / 374
 Decrease 1
1989 451,807
89 / 374
 ▲ 6
1993 717,536
125 / 374
 ▲ 36
1997 665,857
124 / 374
 Decrease 1
2001 963,220
139 / 374
 ▲ 15
Municipal reform
2005 744,466
60 / 205
 Decrease 79
2009 648,903
54 / 205
 Decrease 6
2013 809,664
62 / 205
 ▲ 8
2017
54 / 205
 Decrease 8
2021
54 / 205
 مستقر 0
 
Mayors
Year Seats
No. ±
2005
35 / 98
2009
31 / 98
 Decrease 4
2013
48 / 98
 ▲ 17
2017
37 / 98
 Decrease 11
2021
35 / 98
 Decrease 2

European Parliament

Election year # of votes % of votes # of seats won +/- Notes
1979 252,767 14.5 (#3)
3 / 16
1984 248,397 12.5 (#4)
2 / 16
 Decrease 1
1989 297,565 16.6 (#3)
3 / 16
 ▲ 1
1994 394,362 19.0 (#1)
4 / 16
 ▲ 1
1999 460,834 23.4 (#1)
5 / 16
 ▲ 1
2004 366,734 19.4 (#2)
3 / 14
 Decrease 2
2009 474,041 20.2 (#2)
3 / 13
 مستقر 0
2014 379,840 17.7 (#3)
2 / 13
 Decrease 1
2019 648,203 23.5 (#1)
4 / 14
 ▲ 2

European representation

In the European Parliament, Venstre sits in the Renew Europe group with four MEPs.[44][45][46][47]

In the European Committee of the Regions, Venstre sits in the Renew Europe CoR group, with three full and two alternate members for the 2020–2025 mandate.[48][49]

Youth and student wings

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The party name is officially not translated into any other language, but is in English often referred to as the Liberal Party. Similar rules apply for the name of the party's youth wing Venstres Ungdom.

References

  1. ^ "Hvor mange medlemmer har de politiske partier?". Folketinget. November 28, 2016.
  2. ^ أ ب ت Emil Joseph Kirchner; Alistair H. Thomas (1988). Liberal Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-521-32394-9. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  3. ^ أ ب ت Hans Slomp (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. pp. 415, 420. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  5. ^ Svante Ersson; Jan-Erik Lane (1998). Politics and Society in Western Europe. SAGE. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-7619-5862-8. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  6. ^ Christensen, Nikolaj (2022). Unorganized Religion: Pentecostalism and Secularization in Denmark, 1907-1924. Brill. p. 25. ISBN 9789004509900. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  7. ^ أ ب Josep M. Colomer (2008). Political Institutions in Europe. Routledge. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2.
  8. ^ "AKVA3: Valg til regions råd efter område, parti og stemmer/kandidater/køn". Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  9. ^ "VALGK3: Valg til kommunale råd efter område, parti og stemmer/kandidater/køn". Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  10. ^ Nanna Kildal; Stein Kuhnle (2007). Normative Foundations of the Welfare State: The Nordic Experience. Routledge. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-134-27283-9.
  11. ^ Åsa Bengtsson; Kasper Hansen; Ólafur Þ Harõarson; Hanne Marthe Narud; Henrik Oscarsson (2013). The Nordic Voter: Myths of Exceptionalism. ECPR Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-907301-50-6.
  12. ^ Kristiansen, Cecilie Lund; Larsen, Johan Blem (2019-08-31). "Lars Løkke trækker sig som Venstres formand". Politiken (in الدانمركية). Retrieved 2019-09-05.
  13. ^ "Europavalg". DR. Archived from the original on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
  14. ^ "Socialists call for 'cordon sanitaire' around Europe's far right". EUobserver (in الإنجليزية). 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  15. ^ Castle, Stephen (2019-05-06). "Brexit? Danes Have Seen This Show, and It Doesn't End Well". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  16. ^ "DF considers new role in government". The Local Denmark (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  17. ^ "Despite condemnations, Denmark passes controversial 'jewellery' law". www.euractiv.com (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  18. ^ "Danish eurosceptics say 'no thanks' to EU justice rules". France 24 (in الإنجليزية). 2015-12-03. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  19. ^ أ ب ت ث Oskar Niedermayer; Richard Stöss; Melanie Haas (2007). Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas. Springer-Verlag. pp. 17, 74. ISBN 9783531900612. Retrieved 31 December 2022. Page 17: In Dänemark ordnen wir beispielsweise die rechtsliberale Venstre in die politische Rechte ein, [...]; Page 74: Der eigentliche Gewinner seit 1974 war die (konservative) Agrarpartei (Venstre), [...]
  20. ^ Thomas J. DiLorenzo, ed. (2016). The Problem with Socialism. Simon and Schuster. p. 82. ISBN 9781621575979.
  21. ^ "Keiner der beiden Blöcke hat Mehrheit". Tagesschau. 1 November 2022.
  22. ^ "Seltenes Zweckbündnis: Dänemarks neue Regierung steht". Handelsblatt. 14 December 2022.
  23. ^ Hermann, Rudolf (12 February 2018). "Dänemarks Sozialdemokraten überholen rechts". Neue Züricher Zeitung.
  24. ^ "Neue Drei-Parteien-Regierung in Dänemark steht". Rheinische Post. 13 December 2022.
  25. ^ أ ب "Very Libérål". Süddeutsche Zeitung. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  26. ^ "Europawahl in Dänemark: Katastrophenwahl für dänische Rechtspopulisten". Münchner Merkur. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  27. ^ Christopher Munthe Morgenstierne, ed. (2003). Denmark and National Liberation in Southern Africa: A Flexible Response. Nordic Africa Institute. p. 106. ISBN 9789171065179. On August 30 , the 'SV-government', a coalition between the Social Democratic party and the liberal Venstre, was formed.
  28. ^ Irène Bellier; Thomas M. Wilson (eds.). An Anthropology of the European Union: Building, Imagining and Experiencing the New Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9781000181067. However, Nordic particularism was also used to justify a 'yes' vote, as in this speech given to a local meeting by a Liberal (Venstre) member of parliament, and reported in Skive Folkeblad on 6 March: ...
  29. ^ Robert Bohn (2016). "X. Industrialisierung und politischer Wandel". Dänische Geschichte. C.H.Beck. ISBN 9783406691294. Retrieved 31 December 2022. Die auf dem linken Flügel dominierenden Kraft war die Venstre - heute eine konservative Partei.
  30. ^ "The Local's party guide: Venstre". The Local Denmark (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2015-06-12. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  31. ^ Dickheiwer, Robin (2022-10-27). "The Copenhagen Post". Copenhagen Post (in الدانمركية). Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  32. ^ Dimitri Almeida (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Routledge. p. 98–. ISBN 978-0-415-69374-5.
  33. ^ Almeida, Dimitri. "Liberal Parties and European Integration" (PDF).
  34. ^ Esaiasson, Peter; Heidar, Knut (1999). Beyond Westminster and Congress: the Nordic experience. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-8142-0839-7.
  35. ^ "Kritik af skattereform: De rige vinder og de fattige taber". www.bt.dk. 24 February 2009.
  36. ^ "AE: Skattestop forgylder de rige". Politiken. 4 September 2002.
  37. ^ أ ب ت Bille, Lars; Rüdiger, Mogens. "Venstre". danmarkshistorien.dk (in الدانمركية). Retrieved 2019-09-03.
  38. ^ Lund, Kenneth (2009-04-05). "Anders Fogh er trådt tilbage". Politiken (in الدانمركية). Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  39. ^ Bille, Lars; Bille, Mogens (2009-02-02). "Venstre | Gyldendal - Den Store Danske". denstoredanske.dk (in الدانمركية). Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  40. ^ "Løkke åbner for SV-regering efter valget". DR (in الدانمركية). May 16, 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  41. ^ "Mette Frederiksen afviser Løkke: SV-regering kan ikke komme på tale". DR (in الدانمركية). May 16, 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  42. ^ "Jakob Ellemann-Jensen er valgt som Venstres nye formand". Politiken (in الدانمركية). 2019-09-21. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  43. ^ https://www.politico.eu/article/mette-frederiksen-denmark-social-democrats-agree-to-form-rare-centrist-government/
  44. ^ "Home | Asger CHRISTENSEN | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  45. ^ "Home | Søren GADE | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  46. ^ "Home | Morten LØKKEGAARD | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  47. ^ "Home | Linea SØGAARD-LIDELL | MEPs | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  48. ^ "Members Page CoR".
  49. ^ "Members Page CoR".

Further reading

  • Tom Matz (2004), Venstre ved du hvor du har (in دنماركية). ForlagsKompagniet: Nørhaven Book.

External links

قالب:Renew Europe قالب:ELDR member parties قالب:Danish political parties

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=ڤنسترى_(الدنمارك)&oldid=2895004"