هنري هاروود

لمعلومات عن the landowner and political figure in Quebec، انظر Henry Stanislas Harwood.

Sir هنري هاروود
Harwood in Alexandria, August 1942
اسم الميلاد	Henry Harwood Harwood
ولد	(1888-01-19)19 يناير 1888 St George Hanover Square, London
توفي	9 يونيو 1950(1950-06-09) (aged 62) Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire
دُفـِن	Goring-on-Thames parish churchyard
الخدمة/الفرع	Royal Navy
سنين الخدمة	1904–1945
الرتبة	Admiral
قيادات مناطة	إتش‌إم‌إس Cumberland (June 1927 – June 1928) إتش‌إم‌إس Warwick & 9th Destroyer Division (August 1929 – April 1930) إتش‌إم‌إس London (March 1932 – January 1934) إتش‌إم‌إس Exeter (September 1936 – August 1939) South American Division of the North America and West Indies Station (25 August 1939 – April 1940) a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty (December 1940 – April 1942) Commander-in-Chief, Levant Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands (April 1944 – March 1945)
المعارك/الحروب	World War II Battle of the River Plate
الأوسمة	KCB (1939) OBE (1919) MID (1941) War Cross (Greece) (1943) Gold Medal of Concepcion (Chile) (1939) Grand Officer, Order of Merit (Chile) (1940)
الأقارب	Kate Harwood

Admiral Sir Henry Harwood Harwood, KCB, OBE (19 January 1888 – 9 June 1950), was a British naval officer who won fame in the Battle of the River Plate during WWII.

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 النشأة

Following education at Stubbington House School, Harwood entered the Royal Navy in 1904 and specialised in torpedoes. He served in the First World War. In 1919, he served on the battleship إتش‌إم‌إس Royal Sovereign), 1st Battle Squadron. By 1929 he had been promoted to captain and become the commanding officer of the destroyer إتش‌إم‌إس Warwick and Senior Officer of the 9th Destroyer Division.

In 1931 and 1932, Harwood attended the Imperial Defence College. Upon completion of the course in March 1932, he became flag captain of the heavy cruiser إتش‌إم‌إس London whilst at the same time serving as Chief Staff Officer to the Rear-Admiral Commanding the 1st Cruiser Squadron. From July 1934 until 1936, Harwood served on the staff of the Royal Naval War College at Greenwich (إتش‌إم‌إس President).

In September 1936, Harwood was appointed commodore and given command of the South American Division of the America and West Indies Station, whilst at the same time serving as commanding officer of the cruiser إتش‌إم‌إس Exeter. At the outbreak of the Second World War, command of HMS Exeter passed to Captain F. S. Bell. Commodore Harwood remained in Exeter until he transferred his pennant to HMS Ajax on 27 August.

 الحرب العالمية الثانية

Harwood commanded a squadron consisting of the heavy cruisers إتش‌إم‌إس Cumberland and إتش‌إم‌إس Exeter, and the light cruisers HMS Achilles and إتش‌إم‌إس Ajax. He flew his broad pennant in Ajax as his flagship. The squadron was deployed to the South Atlantic against the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee, which was attacking Allied shipping there.

نائب الأميرال هاروود يتفقد الجنود في HMS Canopus، قاعدة التدريب للبحرية الملكية في الإسكندرية، في سبتمبر 1942.

Harwood suspected that Graf Spee would try to strike next at the merchant shipping off the River Plate estuary. With Cumberland being absent for repairs, Harwood deployed his other three cruisers off the estuary on 12 December. In the ensuing Battle of the River Plate on 13 December, Harwood's cruisers were damaged, but so was Graf Spee, which fled to Montevideo in neutral Uruguay. She was scuttled there a few days later. For this action, Harwood was promoted to rear admiral and knighted.

From December 1940 to April 1942, Rear-Admiral Harwood served as a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and Assistant Chief of Naval Staff. In April 1942, Harwood was promoted to vice-admiral and Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, and flew his flag at إتش‌إم‌إس Nile. The command was later split, and he became Commander-in-Chief, Levant, in February 1943, with responsibility for flank support and seaborne supply of the British Eighth Army.

ويلكي مع الأميرال السير هنري هاروود، الإسكندرية، مصر، سبتمبر 1942

In April 1944, Harwood became Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands (إتش‌إم‌إس Proserpine). He retired on 15 August 1945 with the rank of admiral, having been declared medically unfit for further duty.

 بعد الحرب

Sir Henry Harwood died in Goring-on-Thames in 1950. Harwood Avenue, the main thoroughfare in the town of Ajax, Ontario, was named after him. In the 1956 film, The Battle of the River Plate, Harwood was played by Anthony Quayle.

 الرتب

Rank	Date
Midshipman	1904
Acting sub-lieutenant	1907-07-30
Sub-lieutenant	1908-04-09, seniority 1907-07-30
Lieutenant	1908-07-30
Lieutenant Commander	1916-07-30
Commander	1921-06-30
Captain	1928-12-31
Commodore 2nd class	1936-09-17?
Commodore 1st class	1939-08-25?
Rear admiral	1939-12-13
Vice-admiral	1942-02-06
Acting admiral	1942-04-22?
Admiral (retired)	1945

 الأوسمة

الوسام	التاريخ	ملاحظات
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath	23 December 1939	action with the Admiral Graf Spee, 13 December 1939
Officer of the Order of the British Empire	17 July 1919	?
Mentioned in Despatches	1 January 1941	New Year 1941
Greek War Cross	17 April 1943	services to the Greek Navy
Gold Medal of Concepcion (Chile)	1939?	Concepcion earthquake 1939-01-24
Grand Officer, Order of Merit (Chile)	1940-09-06	Concepcion earthquake 1939-01-24

 وصلات خارجية

مناصب عسكرية
سبقه Sir Andrew Cunningham	Commander-in-Chief، أسطول البحر المتوسط April 1942–February 1943	تبعه Sir Andrew Cunningham
سبقه New Post	Commander-in-Chief, Levant February 1943–June 1943	تبعه Sir John Cunningham
سبقه السير ليونل ولز	Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands April 1944–March 1945	تبعه Command disbanded