ماسڤينگو
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ماسڤينگو Masvingo (قبل عام 1982 كانت تعرف باسم حصن ڤيكتوريا)، هي بلدة في جنوب شرق زمبابوى وعاصمة اقليم ماسڤينگو. البلدة على مقربة من زمبابوه الكبرى، الأثر الوطني الذي اشتق منه اسم البلاد.[1]
تقع البلدة على بعد 252 كم جنوب هراري. كان عدد سكانها 58,000 نسمة في عام 2002.
التاريخ
The city was known as Fort Victoria until 1982, when its name was briefly changed to Nyanda, after a mountain about 10 kilometres south of the town, on the Masvingo to Beitbridge Road. That led to protests, because "nyanda" means "one who has lice", and public sentiment was that Masvingo would be more reflective of the history of the city.[citation needed] Within a few months, the name was changed to Masvingo, which means "fort" in Shona, and the Great Zimbabwe, which is essentially a walled fort, is often referred to as "Masvingo eZimbabwe" or sometimes "Masvingo eVitori", a translation of the original name.
Masvingo is the oldest colonial settlement in Zimbabwe which developed around an encampment established in 1890, when the British South Africa Company "Pioneer Column" of the first European colonists passed through on their way to what became Salisbury, now Harare. The Old Fort national monument is located in the center of town, and was erected in 1891 as one of a series of fortifications to guard the route from Salisbury to the south. The very first cricket match in Zimbabwe is said to have taken place close by, in 1890.[2]
الديمغرافيا
The population was approximately 15,000 in 1970;[3] 30,523 in 1982 and rose to 51,743 in 1992. It had a population of approximately 58,000 in 2002. Masvingo is located 292 كيلومتر (181 ميل) south of Harare. Most of the local population belongs to the Karanga and Manyika, Shona sub-tribes. The city is divided into suburbs including Mucheke, Rujeko, Rhodene, Target Kopje and Eastvale. The suburbs are divided into high-density, middle-density and low-density suburbs. Mucheke, the oldest township and Rujeko are the most populous high-density suburbs. Mucheke is also the site of the city's main bus rank as well as the stadium which is named after the ghetto. KMP and Runyararo suburbs are relatively new high and medium density suburbs beyond Mucheke. The middle-density suburbs are Eastvale located close to Zimuto Police Camp and Target Kopje located on the southern part of town on a small hill close to Flamboyant Hotel. Rhodene, a low-density suburb on the northern part of the city centre, is the most affluent suburb in Masvingo. A new suburban development, Zimre Park, is also taking shape to the north east of the town along Bulawayo Road. Another suburban development is taking place close to the affluent Clipsham Park and is aptly named Clipsham Heights as it straddles the hills running parallel to the Beitbridge-Masvingo road. Masvingo also has peri-urban plots such as Morningside, Glenlivet, and Bushmead.[citation needed]
| 1960 | 1970 | 1979 | 1982 | 1992 | 2002 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 15000 | 24000 | 30523 | 51743 | 69993 | 100000 |
التعليم
الجغرافيا
The landscape in southern Zimbabwe is relatively flat, interspersed with rounded granite mountains. Known as kopjes (Dutch: little heads), they are often quite smooth. Msasa trees dominate the savannah landscape, with the occasional baobab tree. The weather is hot and dry throughout the year, except during the summer when the rains come. There is a range of small hills to the south of the city centre. Mucheke and Shagashe rivers run close to the centre and both of them act as de facto boundaries of the central business district.[4] Robert Mugabe way, one of the city's main streets, is lined with pine trees adjacent to some of the oldest buildings in Zimbabwe such as The victoria hotel and the building opposite to it that now houses The High Court of Zimbabwe. The tallest building is the 9-storey Zimre center located in the CBD. The Bell Tower is a historical building and formed part of the fort erected by the British South African Company in 1892 to protect settlers around Fort Victoria.[citation needed]
The town lies near Lake Mutirikwi and is home to a nine-hole golf course and a freight railway line. It lies on the Mucheke River, with a civic centre at the town centre. Shagashe Game Park and an Italian memorial church built during World War II are nearby. Masvingo also has an airstrip. The national airline, Air Zimbabwe, has reintroduced a domestic flight connecting Masvingo to Harare in the north and Buffalo Range in the south starting on 5 December 2014.
Masvingo is situated in a drought-prone area, with average rainfall of 600 mm/a.[5] The raw water source for the city is Lake Mutirikwi. Apart from providing water for the city, Lake Mutirikwi supports water supply schemes for several riparian farmers and large sugar cane irrigation schemes in the Triangle, Zimbabwe and Hippo Valley areas. The storage capacity of the lake, which was completed in 1960, is 1،378 million متر مكعب (48.7 billion أقدام مكعبة).
| بيانات المناخ لـ Masvingo (1961–1990, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | ينا | فب | مار | أبر | ماي | يون | يول | أغس | سبت | أكت | نوف | ديس | السنة |
| القصوى القياسية °س (°ف) | 38.9 (102.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.2 (99.0) |
35.1 (95.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.2 (88.2) |
34.9 (94.8) |
38.5 (101.3) |
40.1 (104.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.6 (103.3) |
40.1 (104.2) |
| متوسط القصوى اليومية °س (°ف) | 28.1 (82.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 22.9 (73.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
| متوسط الدنيا اليومية °س (°ف) | 17.2 (63.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | 9.7 (49.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
2.4 (36.3) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
2.5 (36.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
| متوسط تساقط الأمطار mm (inches) | 128.7 (5.07) |
107.2 (4.22) |
65.6 (2.58) |
27.9 (1.10) |
12.8 (0.50) |
5.7 (0.22) |
2.7 (0.11) |
6.4 (0.25) |
10.4 (0.41) |
29.6 (1.17) |
77.2 (3.04) |
140.2 (5.52) |
614.4 (24.19) |
| Average rainy days | 10 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 54 |
| متوسط الرطوبة النسبية (%) | 70 | 74 | 71 | 73 | 67 | 65 | 61 | 53 | 47 | 54 | 66 | 71 | 64 |
| Mean monthly ساعات سطوع الشمس | 248.0 | 207.2 | 244.9 | 243.0 | 266.6 | 249.0 | 263.5 | 285.2 | 279.0 | 260.4 | 228.0 | 217.0 | 2٬991٫8 |
| المتوسط اليومي ساعات سطوع الشمس | 8.0 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 8.2 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[6] NOAA (sun and mean temperature, 1961–1990),[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1968–1974),[8] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[9] | |||||||||||||
الصناعة
The town used to have large cattle ranches, but the country's Land Reform Programme is sometimes blamed for decimating that industry. Small scale farmers now make up the majority of suppliers of agricultural produce. Masvingo is mainly a residential city. The informal sector also dominates industry in town.
السياحة
There are a variety of tourist attractions within a ثلاثون-ميل (48-كيلومتر) radius of the town. Within 20 كيلومتر (12 ميل) of Masvingo are the Great Zimbabwe National Monument, old ruins where the country derives its name and the Lake Mutirikwi Recreational Park and Kyle game resort with 12 different species, including the white rhino.
Film and theatre
Masvingo is known in the country for producing film and theatre productions that compete with those from Harare and Bulawayo. The city's film and theatre hub is located at the Charles Austin Theatre found at the city's Civic Centre gardens. It was run by the Masvingo Drama Circle from 1971 until its decline in 2015.[10] Young artists took over the running of the facility under the name Masvingo Theatre and Arts Clubs and that resulted in film and theatre productions that have put Masvingo on the map in the arts industry. One notable play that came from Masvingo was a stage play by playwright Charles Munganasa titled Operation Restore Regasi which made international headlines and told the story of Robert Mugabe's fall from power.[11][12] In 2017, a short film titled Seiko directed by Sydney Taivavashe won the outstanding short film production at the National Arts Merit Awards, Zimbabwe's top entertainment award ceremony making it the first film award to be won by a Masvingo artist.[13][14] Sabhuku Vharazipi is a comedian from Masvingo who rose to fame in 2013 with his famous drama comedy titled Sabhuku Vharazipi which won the hearts of many locals. He is known for his signature rural folk dressing, a shiny bald head as well as an unmistakable Karanga tone which distinguishes his productions from the others.[15]
الثقافة والابداع
The major soccer club in the town is Masvingo United, whose home ground is Mucheke Stadium in the suburb of Mucheke. There are many amateur social football clubs in the city and they usually play their games at the various grounds around the city. Annually, a Miss Masvingo Province pageant is held. The city is host to the Charles Austin Theatre located at the civic center, a venue synonymous to many theatre enthusiasts in the country. The film and television industry is growing in the city with the up-and-coming generation at the forefront of the development.
The Southern Rocks, one of the five first-class cricket teams in Zimbabwe until its disbandment after the 2013–14 season, played its home games at the Masvingo Sports Club.
Africa Talent Publishers is a publishing company based in Masvingo. The company was started in 2018 by two Great Zimbabwe University lecturers, Munyaradzi Mawere and Tapuwa Rubaya, to promote indigenous stories and encourage the growth of a reading culture. It is the first such establishment to be founded in Masvingo.[16]
مدن شقيقة
في عام 1990 تم التوقيع على التوأمة من قبل رؤساء البلديات. أدى هذا إلى تشكيل رابطة كرنن-ماسڤينگو من طرف رئيس بلدية كرنن، السيد هوسمان، ومدير المدرسة ميلر فرانز ومدير مجلس إدارته الدكتور كايزر لمدة 7 سنوات.
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "Studying Africa through the Social Studies". Retrieved 2008-01-18.
- ^ "International Cricket Council". www.icc-cricket.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
- ^ Bridger, P.; House, M.; et al. (1973). Encyclopaedia Rhodesia. College Press. p. 448.
- ^ "New Masvingo CBD to Rise Along Mucheke River". zimbabwenow.co.zw. Retrieved 2025-05-14.
- ^ Dube, E (2003). "Analysing water use patterns for demand management: the case of the city of Masvingo, Zimbabwe". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 28 (20–27): 805. Bibcode:2003PCE....28..805D. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.004.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Masvingo". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ قالب:Cite FTP
- ^ "Klimatafel von Masvingo (Fort Victoria) / Simbabwe" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in الألمانية). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ "Station Masvingo" (in الفرنسية). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- ^ "The Mirror | Hear and be Heard: New blood running The Charles Austin Theatre". The Mirror | Hear and be Heard. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ Mavhunga, Columbus S. "Mugabe is gone and people can now say anything about him". CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ Herald, The. "'Operation Restore Regasi' back at Theatre in the Park". The Herald (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ newsday (20 February 2017). "Mixed reactions over Nama winners". NewsDay Zimbabwe (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "NAMA Award, A Magnetic Force". Zimbo Jam (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 27 February 2017. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "Unleashing Sabhuku Vharazipi". The Standard (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 8 September 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ The Herald (Zimbabwe), 7 Feb 2018: “GZU members setting up publishing house"
وصلات خارجية
- CS1 الألمانية-language sources (de)
- CS1 الفرنسية-language sources (fr)
- CS1 الإنجليزية البريطانية-language sources (en-gb)
- CS1 الإنجليزية الأمريكية-language sources (en-us)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters
- Articles with unsourced statements from February 2026
- Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2025
- ماسڤينگو
- أماكن مأهولة في زمبابوي
- إقليم ماسڤينگو
- عواصم أقاليم زمبابوي