عربة خزان

Modern tank cars carry all types of liquid and gaseous commodites.
A milk tank car for bulk loading at the Illinois railway museum.

العربة الخزان (tank car ؛ الاتحاد الدولي للسكك الحديدية (UIC): tank wagon) هي نوع من railroad car (UIC: railway car) or rolling stock designed to transport liquid and gaseous commodities.

Narrow gauge tank car, 750 mm (2 ft 5 12 in) gauge

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التاريخ

خط زمني

The following major events occurred in the years noted:

  • 1865: Flatcars with banded wooden planks or decking mounted on top are employed for the first time to transport crude oil from the fields of Pennsylvania during the Pennsylvanian oil rush.
  • 1869: Wrought iron tanks, with an approximate capacity of 3,500 US gal (13 m3; 2,900 imp gal) per car, replace wooden tanks.
  • 1888: Tank-car manufacturers sell units directly to the oil companies, with capacities ranging from 6,000 to 10,000 US gal (23–38 m3; 5,000–8,300 imp gal).
  • 1903: Tank-car companies develop construction safety standards. More than 10,000 tank cars are in operation.
  • 1915: A classification system is developed by the tank-car industry to ensure the correct match of car type to product being shipped. Some 50,000 tank cars are in use.
  • 1930: 140,000 tank cars transport some 103 commodities.
  • 1940s: Virtually every tank car is engaged in oil transport in support of the war effort.
  • 1945–1950: Welding replaces riveting in car construction (both underframes and tanks) for the major manufacturers, including American Car & Foundry and General American.
  • 1950: Pipelines and tank trucks begin to compete for liquid transport business.
  • 1963: The Union Tank Car Company introduces the "Whale Belly" tank car.


الحاويات الخزانية

Type of shipping containers mounted on a spine car: Tank container (left), and an open-top shipping container with canvas cover (right)

A tank container, also known as ISO tank, is a specialized type of container designed to carry bulk liquids, such as chemicals, liquid hydrogen, gases and foodgrade products. Both hazardous and non hazardous products can be shipped in tank containers. A standard tank container is 20 feet (6.10 m) long, 8 feet (2.44 m) high and 8 feet (2.44 m) wide. The tank, which is made from stainless steel, is held within a box-shaped frame with the same shape as an intermodal container. This allows it to be carried on multiple modes of transport, such as truck, rail and ship.

العربة الطوربيد

Torpedo car

A torpedo car or bottle car is a type of railroad car used in steel mills to haul molten pig iron from the blast furnace لتبدأ عملية صناعة الصلب الأساسية.


انظر أيضاً

الهامش

المراجع

  • Herron, Jim (April 2002). "History Of The Rail Tank Car". e-Train, the online magazine of the Train Collectors Association. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
  • قالب:White - American railroad freight car

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Freight cars