شمس الكرام
آل شميس گرام Sempsigerami هم أسرة عربية حكمت مدينة إمسا (حمص) في العهد الروماني في سوريا.[1] وهم بناة قلعة شميميس حوالي 100 ق.م.
Roman aureus depicting Elagabalus. The reverse reads Sanct Deo Soli Elagabal (To the Holy Sun God Elagabal), and depicts a four-horse, gold chariot carrying the holy stone of the Emesa temple.
The Emesa temple to the sun god El-Gabal, with the holy stone, on the reverse of this bronze coin by Roman usurper Uranius Antoninus
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الملوك-الكهنة من الأسرة الحمصية
الملوك-الكهنة المعروفون من الأسرة الحمصية:
- Sampsiceramus I, reigned 64 BC-48 BC, son of Aziz (Azizus, c. 94 BC) and paternal grandson of Iamblichus (c. 151 BC)[2]
- Iamblichus I (son of Sampsiceramus I and brother of Alexio I[3]), reigned 48 BC-31 BC[4]
- Alexio I, sometimes known as Alexios or Alexander[5] (brother of Iamblichus I and another son of Sampsiceramus I[6]). Usurper to the Emesene throne in 31 BC and executed in the same year by Octavian[4]
- The Emesani kingdom dissolved from 30 BC to 20 BC and becomes an autonomous community under the supervision of the Roman governor of Syria[7]
- Iamblichus II (son of Iamblichus I[3]), reigned 20 BC-14[8]
- Gaius Julius Sampsiceramus II, also known as Sampsiceramus II (son of Iamblichus II[5]), reigned 14-42
- Gaius Julius Azizus or Asisus (son of Sampsiceramus II[5]), reigned 42-54
- Gaius Julius Sohaemus Philocaesar Philorhomaeus[9][10][11] (brother to Azizus and second son to Sampsiceramus II[5]), reigned 54-73
- Gaius Julius Alexio also known as Alexio II (son of Sohaemus[12]), reigned 73-78
- Gaius Julius Sampsiceramus III Silas (son of Alexio II[13]), reigned 79-120
- Gaius Julius Longinus Soaemus also known as Soaemus (son of Sampsiceramus III[12]), died 160
- Gaius Julius Sulpicius, died ca. 210
- Uranius Antoninus, reigned 210-235
- Lucius Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus Uranius Antoninus, reigned 235-254, originally called Sampsiceramus
أعضاء آخرون من الأسرة الحمصية
- Commagenean Princess Iotapa, married Sampsiceramus II.[6] Iotapa bore Sampsiceramus II four children; two sons: Gaius Julius Azizus and Gaius Julius Sohaemus Philocaesar Philorhomaeus[6] and two daughters: Iotapa who married the Herodian Prince Aristobulus Minor and Mamaea[6]
- Mamaea married the Roman Client King Polemon II of Pontus,[14] whom through marriage became Roman Client Queen of Pontus, Cilicia and Colchis. She had with Polemon II two sons: Polemon and Rheometalces[15]
- Julia Urania Queen of Mauretania, who may have been a minor Emesene Princess and married Roman Client King Ptolemy of Mauretania[16]
- Mauretanian Princess from North Africa, Drusilla of Mauretania, who was the daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania and Julia Urania, married Gaius Julius Sohaemus Philocaesar Philorhomaeus,[16] son of Sampsiceramus II and Iotapa.[6] Drusilla and Sohaemus had a son called Gaius Julius Alexio, also known as Alexio II
- Sohaemus of Armenia also known as Gaius Julius Sohaemus[17][18] King of Armenia from 144 until 161, then again in 163 to perhaps up to 186
- Julius Alexander,[19] an Emesene nobleman who could be the possible son of Sohaemus of Armenia[20] who died in c. 190 and is a contemporary of the Roman emperor Commodus[19]
- Julius Agrippa, an Emesene nobleman who served as a Primipilaris or a former leading centurion[7] son of a Julius and paternal uncle of the Emesene High Priest Gaius Julius Bassianus[21]
- The Emesene High Priest Gaius Julius Bassianus, son of a Julius and nephew of Julius Agrippa[21] and a possible descendant of Drusilla of Mauretania and Gaius Julius Sohaemus Philocaesar Philorhomaeus.[16] He married an unnamed woman by whom was the father of Julia Maesa and her younger sister, the Roman Empress Julia Domna
- Julia Domna, second wife of Roman emperor Lucius Septimius Severus; mother of the Severan Roman emperors Caracalla (born as Lucius Septimius Bassianus) and Publius Septimius Geta
- Julia Maesa, wife of the Syrian Roman politician Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus by whom had two daughters: Julia Soaemias Bassiana and Julia Avita Mamaea
- Julia Soaemias Bassiana, wife of the Syrian Roman politician Sextus Varius Marcellus by whom she had one unnamed son and the second son was the Severan Roman emperor Elagabalus (born as Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus)
- Julia Avita Mamaea, wife of the Syrian Roman politician Marcus Julius Gessius Marcianus by whom was the possible mother of Marcus Julius Gessius Bassianus, but was the definite mother of Theoclia and Severan Roman emperor Alexander Severus (born as Marcus Julius Gessius Bassianus Alexianus)
- Aemilius Papinianus (142–212) also known as Papinian, a celebrated Roman Jurist and Praetorian prefect who is a said kinsman of جوليا دومنا[22]
- Tiberius Julius Balbillus and his relation Titus Julius Balbillus[23] relations to the family of Julia Domna, Priests of the cult of El-Gebal in Rome during the Severan dynasty of Rome[24]
سليلو الأسرة الحمصية
- A possible descendant of Drusilla of Mauretania and Gaius Julius Sohaemus was the Syrian Queen of the 3rd century, Zenobia of Palmyra[16][25][26]
- The novelist of the 2nd century Iamblichus, claims his ancestry from the Emesene Priest Kings and was a contemporary of Sohaemus of Armenia[27]
- The Syrian Neoplatonist philosopher Iamblichus, who lived between the second half of the 3rd century and first half of the 4th century, claimed to be a descendant of the Emesene Priest Kings
- According to Patriarch of Constantinople, Scholar and Christian Saint of the 9th century فوتيوس الأول, notes around 500, the Syrian Pagan Philosopher Damascius, dedicated a book to a Theodora, daughter of Diogenes, son of Eusebius, son of Flavianus and a descendant of King Sampsiceramus of Emesa[16]
انظر أيضاً
ملاحظات
- Soaemus is a male variation of the name Sohaemus, while Soaemias is the female variation of Sohaemus
الهامش
- ^ Shahid, Irfan (1984). Rome and The Arabs: A Prolegomenon to the Study of Byzantium and the Arabs
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةtransformation35 - ^ أ ب Levick, Julia Domna, Syrian Empress, p.p.8&xx
- ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةempress8 - ^ أ ب ت ث Levick, Julia Domna, Syrian Empress, p.xx
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةempressxx - ^ أ ب Levick, Julia Domna, Syrian Empress, p.18
- ^ Levick, Julia Domna, Syrian Empress
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةTemporini, p.213 - ^ Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, p.224
- ^ Philocaesar Philoromaios, means in Greek lover of Caesar, lover of Rome. His full name is known from a Latin honorific inscription on a statue of him dedicated to him in Heliopolis during his Kingship as he was patron of the city. In this inscription, he is honored as a Great King, a patron of the colony and reveals he was, granted honorary consular status
- ^ أ ب Settipani, Continuité gentilice et continuité familiale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l’époque impériale
- ^ Temporini, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im spiegel der neueren Forschung p.219
- ^ Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, p.222
- ^ On the Polemonid dynasty - see R.D. Sullivan, “Dynasts in Pontus”, ANRW 7.2 (1980), p.p. 925-930. For the intermarriages between the Polemonids and other dynasties of East Asia Minor, see R.D. Sullivan, “Papyri reflecting the Eastern Dynastic Network”, ANRW 2.8 (1977), p. 919
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةtyndalehouse1 - ^ Birley, Septimius Severus: The African emperor, p.224
- ^ According to Christian Settipani, Sohaemus was the son of Avitus (Gaius Julius Avitus), son of Soaemus (Gaius Julius Longinus Soaemus), son of Sampsiceramus (Gaius Julius Fabia Sampsiceramus III Silas), son of Alexio (Gaius Julius Alexio), son of Sohaemus (Gaius Julius Sohaemus Philocaesar Philorhomaeus)
- ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةBirley, p.223 - ^ Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, p.217
- ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةBirley, p.223-4 - ^ Hitti, Philip K. (2004). History of Syria: including Lebanon and Palestine. Gorgias Press LLC. p. 326. ISBN 1-59333-119-3.
- ^ Halsberghe, The Cult of Sol Invictus, p.55
- ^ Halsberghe, The Cult of Sol Invictus
- ^ Ptolemaic Affiliated Lines: Descendant Lines
- ^ Ptolemaic Points of Interest: Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةseptimius71
المصادر
- G.H. Halsberghe, The Cult of Sol Invictus, Brill, 1972
- H. Temporini & W. Haase, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im spiegel der neueren Forschung, Walter de Gruyter, 1977
- H. Temporini & W. Haase, 2, Principat: 9, 2, Volume 8, Walter de Gruyter, 1978
- R. Morkot, The Penguin Historical Altas of Ancient Greece, Penguin Group, 1996
- D.W. Roller, The Building Program of Herod the Great, University of California Press, 1998
- W. Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of the an Empire, Routledge, 2000
- C. Settipani, Continuité gentilice et continuité familiale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l’époque imperial, Oxford, 2000
- Microsoft Encarta Encyclopaedia - 2002 Edition
- A.R. Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, Routledge, 2002
- B. Levick, Julia Domna, Syrian Empress, Taylor & Francis, 2007
- Royal Egyptian Genealogy: Ptolemaic Descendants
- Ptolemaic Genealogy – Cleopatra Selene
- Ptolemaic Points of Interest: Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII
- Sampsiceramus article at Ancient Library
- Biblical Genealogy: From Alexander son of Herod to Bustanai
- New Advent Encyclopaedia – Emesa
- Articles, Books and Studies: The Moon Is A Harsh Mistress – The Rise and Fall of Cleopatra II Selene, Seleukid Queen of Syria by Michael Burgess
- Articles, Books and Studies: Numismatic Evidence For A New Seleucid King: Seleucus (VII) Philometor by Brian Kritt
Coordinates: 35°2′12.48″N 37°0′48.63″E / 35.0368000°N 37.0135083°E
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