ريشاباناتا

ريشاباناتا
Rishabhanatha
Image of Rishabhanatha at Kundalpur pilgrimage site in Madhya Pradesh, India
أسماء أخرىAdinatha, Adish Jina (first conqueror), Adi Purush (first Perfect Man), Ikshvaku
التاليAjitanatha
الرمزBull[1]
القامة500 bows (1500 metres)[2]
العمر84 lakh purva (592.704 x 1018 years)[2]
الشجرةBanyan
اللونGolden
معلومات شخصية
وُلِد
توفي
الأبوان
الزوجSunanda and Sumangala
الأنجالBharata
Bahubali
Sundari
Brahmi
جزء من سلسلة عن
الجاينية

Swastik4.svg

تاريخ الجاينية
خط زمني
المجالس الجاينية

الأسس
أهيمسا · موكشا · أستيا
براهماتشاريا · ساتيا
نرڤانا · أپاريگراها
أنكنتڤادا

المفاهيم الرئيسية
كِڤالـْگِنان · Cosmology
سمسرا · كارما
دارما · تناسخ الأرواح
Swadhyay

الشخصيات الرئيسية
الترثنكارات الأربعة وعشرون
لورد ريشاب إلى مهاڤيرا
Acharyas · Ganadhars
Siddhasen Divakar · Haribhadra

الممارسات وسبل البلوغ
المراحل الأربع من الاستنارة
Paramis · Meditation

الجاينية حول العالم
India · الغربية

مذاهب الجاينية
Svetambara · Digambara
Terapanthi · Early schools
Sthanakvasi · Bisapantha
Deravasi

نصوص
Navakar Mantra · Kalpasutra
Agama (text) · Tattvartha Sutra
Sanmatti Prakaran

دراسات مقارنة
ثقافة · قائمة مواضيع
بوابة: الجاينية

 ع  ن  ت

ريشاباناتا Rishabhanatha (وأيضاً Ṛṣabhadeva, Rishabhadeva, or Ṛṣabha[3]) is considered to be the first Tirthankara (Teaching God) of the present half cycle of time in Jain tradition.[4][5] The word Tīrthankara signifies the founder of a tirtha which means a fordable passage across a sea. The Tirthankara shows the 'fordable path' across the sea of interminable births and deaths (saṃsāra). Rishabhanatha is also known as Ādinātha which translates into "First (Adi) Lord (nātha)". According to Jain traditional accounts, he was born to King Nabhi and Queen Marudevi in Ayodhya. Jain texts talk about his two wives, Sunanda and Sumangala. Sumangala is described as the mother of his ninety-nine sons (including Bharata) and one daughter, Brahmi. Sunanda is depicted as the mother of Bahubali and Sundari. The sudden death of Nilanjana, one of the dancers of Indra, reminded him of the world's transitory nature and he developed a desire for renunciation. After being initiated as a Digambara monk, he is said to have wandered without food for a whole year. The day on which he got his first ahara (food), is celebrated as Akshaya Tritiya by Jains. He is said to have attained Moksha from Mount Kailash. Adi Purana contains the information over legends related to Rishabhanatha. His colossal statues include Statue of Ahimsa, Bawangaja and those erected in Gopachal hill. In iconography, Rishabhanatha is associated with his Bull emblem, the Nyagrodha tree, Gomukha (bull-faced) Yaksha, and Chakreshvari Yakshi.

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تأسيس الجاينية

Jain cosmology divides the Worldly Time cycle into two halves (avasarpiṇī and utsarpiṇī) with six aras (spokes) in each half. Twenty-four Tirthankaras grace this part of the universe in the fourth period, known as duşamā-suşamā (read as dukhmā-sukhmā), of both halves. The present half cycle (avasarpiṇī) being a special case, Rishabhanatha, the first tīrthaṅkara was born at the end of the third period (known as suṣama-duṣamā) itself.[6][7] This cycle will start reversing at the onset of utsarpinī kāl (next half cycle) with the Dukhama-dukhamā being the first period.[8] According to Jain texts, Rishabhanatha was born in the age when there was happiness all around with no work for men to do.[6][9] Gradually as the cycle moved, and Kalpavriksha (wish-fulfilling trees) disappeared, people rushed to their King for help.[6][10] Rishabhanatha is then said to have taught the men six main professions. These were: (1) Asi (swordsmanship for protection), (2) Masi (writing skills), (3) Krishi (agriculture), (4) Vidya (knowledge), (5) Vanijya (trade and commerce) and (6) Shilp (crafts).[5][11][12] In other words, he is credited with introducing karma-bhumi (the age of action) by teaching these professions to householders to enable them to earn a livelihood.[13][14][15] The institution of marriage is said to have come into existence after he married to set an example for other humans to follow.[6][16][14] In total, Rishabhanatha is said to have taught seventy-two sciences which include: arithmetic, the plastic and visual arts, the art of lovemaking, singing and dancing.[16][17] Jain chronology places the date of Rishabhanatha at an almost immeasurable antiquity in the past.[18]


الأساطير

Rishabhanatha is known by many names among Jains including Adinatha, Adisvara, Yugadeva and Nabheya.[19] Ādi purāṇa, a major Jain text records the life accounts of Rishabhanatha as well as ten previous incarnations.[20]

الميلاد

مقال رئيسي: Marudevi#Birth of Rishabhanatha
Janma kalyāṇaka from the Kalpa Sutra, c. 14th–15th Century CE

Garbha kalyanaka is the first auspicious event out of five auspicious events (Panch Kalyanaka). It means enlivening of the embryo through the descent of the life (soul) in the mortal body. [21] On the second day of Ashadha (a month of the Hindu calendar) Krishna (dark fortnight), Queen Marudevi is said to have seen sixteen auspicious dreams. King Nabhi explained these dreams to her as a sign of Tirthankara's birth.[22]

Rishabhanatha was born to King Nabhi and Queen Marudevi in Ayodhya, on the ninth day of the dark half of the month of Chaitra-caitra krişna navamĩ.[6][23][24] This is the second auspicious event and is known as Janma Kalyanaka.[25]

التماثيل العملاقة

المعابد

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

ملاحظات

الهامش

  1. ^ Shanti Lal Jain 1998, p. 46.
  2. ^ أ ب Sarasvati 1970, p. 444.
  3. ^ Sangave 2001, p. 131.
  4. ^ Zimmer 1953, p. 208-09.
  5. ^ أ ب Shanti Lal Jain 1998, p. 47.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Jaini 2000, p. 327.
  7. ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. xiv.
  8. ^ Dalal 2010, p. 27.
  9. ^ Vijay K. Jain 2015, p. 78.
  10. ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. 88.
  11. ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. x.
  12. ^ Sangave 2001, p. 103.
  13. ^ Dundas 2002, p. 21.
  14. ^ أ ب Kailash Chand Jain 1991, p. 5.
  15. ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. 89.
  16. ^ أ ب Rankin 2010, p. 43.
  17. ^ George 2008, p. 318.
  18. ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. xv.
  19. ^ Umakant P. Shah 1987, p. 112.
  20. ^ Upinder Singh 2016, p. 26.
  21. ^ Zimmer 1953, p. 195.
  22. ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. 76-79.
  23. ^ Vijay K. Jain 2015, p. 181.
  24. ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. 83.
  25. ^ Jaini 1998, p. 7.

المصادر

قالب:Jain Gods قالب:Jainism topics