مانات تركمانستاني

(تم التحويل من Turkmenistani manat)
مانات تركمانستاني
100 manat. Türkmenistan, 2014 a.jpg
100 manat banknote
ISO 4217
الكودTMT
الفئات
الوحدات الفرعية
1100tenge
الجمعThe language(s) of this currency does not have a morphological plural distinction.
الرمزm
 tenget
الأوراق النقدية
 شائع الاستخدام1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 manats
 نادر الاستخدام500 manats
العملات
 شائع الاستخدام1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 tenge, 1, 2 manats
الديمغرافيا
المستخدم(ون)تركمنستان Turkmenistan
الإصدار
البنك المركزيCentral Bank of Turkmenistan
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.cbt.tm
الطباعةDe La Rue
 الموقع الإلكترونيDe La Rue
مصلحة صك العملةRoyal Mint
 الموقع الإلكترونيThe Royal Mint
القيمة
التضخم8.5%
 المصدرThe World Factbook, 2012 est.
مربوط بـUS dollar (USD)
US$1 = 3.50 manats

مانات التركمانستاني manat (تركمانية: manat; abbreviation: m; code: TMT) هي العملة الرسمية في تركمانستان. وطرح المانات بشكل رسمي في 1 نوفمبر 1993، ليحل محل الروبل بمعدل 1 مانات = لكل 500 روبل.[1][المصدر لا يؤكد ذلك] المانات يُقسم إلى 100 تينگ (تركمانية: teňňe). وجرى تقديم المانات الرسمي في 1 نوفمبر 1993، ليحل محل الروبل بمعدل 1 روبل لكل مانات[2]

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التسمية

كلمة "مانات" مشتقة من الكلمة الفارسية منات والكلمة الروسية монета ("moneta") والتي تعني "عملة معدنية"، وكلاهما مشتق من لاتينية Monēta.[3] واستخدم كأسم للعملة السوفيتية في التركمانية (تركمانية: манат) وفي التركية الأذربيجانية.

العملات المعدنية

في عام 1993، تم طرح العملات المعدنية بفئات 1 و5 و10 و20 و50 تينگ. وصكت القطع 1 و5 و10 من الفولاذ المطلي بالنحاس، وكانت الفئات الأعلى من الفولاذ المطلي بالنيكل. لكن لم تدم هذه السلسلة الأولى من العملات المعدنية طويلاً، حيث سرعان ما أصبحت قيمتها المعدنية أكثر من قيمتها الاسمية الفعلية. وبعد فترة من التضخم المرتفع، تم إدخال عملات معدنية جديدة من 500 و1000 مانات في عام 1999. وكان على جميع العملات المعدنية في هذه الفترة أن تصور الرئيس الحالي بموجب القانون.

Coins of the Turkmenistan manat (First manat)
Image Value Diameter (millimeters) Composition Description Date of issue
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse
Coins of Turkmenistan 05.jpg Coins of Turkmenistan 06.jpg 1 tenge 16 mm Copper-plated steel Saparmurat Niyazov Value in center of flower-like design within circle 1993
Coins of Turkmenistan 07.jpg Coins of Turkmenistan 08.jpg 5 tenge 19.5 mm
Coins of Turkmenistan 09.jpg Coins of Turkmenistan 10.jpg 10 tenge 22.5 mm
Coins of Turkmenistan 03.jpg Coins of Turkmenistan 04.jpg 20 tenge 20.9 mm Nickel-plated steel Saparmurat Niyazov Value in center of flower-like design within circle 1993
Coins of Turkmenistan 13.jpg Coins of Turkmenistan 14.jpg 50 tenge 24 mm Value above Cornucopia with a goat head
Coins of Turkmenistan 11.jpg Coins of Turkmenistan 12.jpg 500 manats 20.9 mm Nickel-clad steel Denomination, date below 1999
Coins of Turkmenistan 01.jpg Coins of Turkmenistan 02.jpg 1,000 manats 24 mm
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.

During the monetary reform of 2009, new coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tenge were issued with bimetallic 1 and 2 manats following in 2010. The 1, 2, and 5 tenge are nickel-plated steel while the 10, 20, and 50 tenge are struck in brass. Instead of depicting the current head of state the coins feature a map of Turkmenistan with the Independence Tower superimposed in front of it. All circulating coins of Turkmenistan are struck by the Royal Mint.

Coins of the Turkmenistan manat (Second manat)
Image Value Diameter (millimeters) Composition Description Date of issue
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse
Coin of Turkmenistan 05.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 06.jpg 1 tenge 16 mm Nickel-plated steel Monument of Independence superimposed on the map of Turkmenistan, the name of the national anthem. Denomination and date 2009
Coin of Turkmenistan 07.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 08.jpg 2 tenge 18 mm
Coin of Turkmenistan 09.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 10.jpg 5 tenge 20 mm
Coin of Turkmenistan 11.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 12.jpg 10 tenge 22 mm Brass
Coin of Turkmenistan 13.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 14.jpg 20 tenge 24 mm
Coin of Turkmenistan 15.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 16.jpg 50 tenge 26 mm
Coin of Turkmenistan 01.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 02.jpg 1 manat 27 mm Bimetallic: copper-nickel center in brass ring 2010
Coin of Turkmenistan 03.jpg Coin of Turkmenistan 04.jpg 2 manats 28 mm Bimetallic: brass center in copper-nickel ring 2010
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the coin specification table.


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Banknotes

First manat (TMM, 1993—2009)

مانات تركمانستاني
Turkmenistan 007.jpg
500 manat banknote of the first manat.
ISO 4217
الكودTMM
الفئات
الأوراق النقدية1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 manats
العملات1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tenge, 500 and 1,000 manats
الديمغرافيا
المستخدم(ون)تركمنستان Turkmenistan
القيمة
التضخم992.39%
 المصدرStatista, 1996 est.

In 1993, manat notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 manats, replacing the Soviet rouble. These were followed by notes for 1,000 manats in 1995 and 5,000 and 10,000 manats in 1996. In 2005, a new series of notes was introduced in denominations of 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 manats. All notes, with exception of the 1 and 5 manat banknotes bear a portrait of former president Saparmurat Niyazov. All Turkmen banknotes are produced by the De La Rue printing and banknote company.

Banknotes of the Turkmenistan manat (First manat)
Image Value Dimensions (millimeters) Main Color Description Date of issue Date of first issue Watermark
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse
[1] [2] 1 manat 120 x 60 mm Orange and red Ylymlar academy, Aşğabat Ilarslanyn Yadygarligi mausoleum 1993
[3] [4] 5 manats 125 x 62.5 mm Blue Bazcylyk Okuw Polytechnic Institute, Aşğabat Abu Seyidiñ mausoleum 1993
[5] [6] 10 manats 133 x 66 mm Brown Turkmenistan Relationship building (Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov (1940–2006) Tekesiñ mausoleum 1993
[7] [8] 20 manats 139 x 69 mm Blue and white National library (Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov Astanababa mausoleum 1993
1995
[9] [10] 50 manats 144 x 72 mm Orange and brown Soviet Honor monument, President Saparmurat Niyazov Anew mosque 1993
1995
[11] [12] 100 manats 150 x 75 mm Blue and orange Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov Sultan Sanjariń mausoleum 1993
1995
[13] [14] 500 manats 156 x 78 mm Red and violet National theatre (Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov Törebeg Hanymyń mausoleum 1993
1995
[15] [16] 1,000 manats 156 x 78 mm Green and red Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov National emblem of Turkmenistan 1995
[17] [18] 5,000 manats 156 x 78 mm Violet Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov National emblem of Turkmenistan 1996
[19] [20] 10,000 manats 156 x 78 mm Blue and brown Prezident Köşgi (President's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov National emblem of Turkmenistan 1996
1999
2000
[21] [22] Türkmenbaşi Köşgi (Turkmenbashi's Palace, Aşğabat), President Saparmurat Niyazov Saparmurat Haji mosque 1998
1999
[23] [24] Neutrality Monument, Ruhyýet Palace, Aşğabat 2000
[25] [26] Light brown Monument of Independence and Peace, Aşğabat 2003
2005

First manat (second issue)

In 2005, a new series of manat banknotes was introduced. They had originally been intended to replace the first manat at a fixed rate, with 1 equal to 1,000 of the first manat, but the revaluation was postponed and this issue was released to circulate with previous manat issues. The series of notes was introduced in denominations of 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 manats. Two new coins were also introduced in only two denominations, 500 and 1,000 manats. Both the first and second issue manat banknotes circulated in tandem until the issue of the redenominated issue in 2009.

Banknotes of the first manat, second issue
Image Value Dimensions Main colour Description Date of Ref.
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse Watermark printing issue withdrawal
50 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 a.jpg 50 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 b.jpg 50 manat 144 × 72 mm Purple Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov Yanardag, Ashgabat Hippodrome Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature 2005 c. 2005 31 December 2010 [4]
100 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 a.jpg 100 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 b.jpg 100 manat 150 × 75 mm Red Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov Central Bank building, Ashgabat Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature 2005 c. 2005 31 December 2010 [4]
500 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 a.jpg 500 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 b.jpg 500 manat 156 × 78 mm Brown Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov Turkmen jewellery Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature 2005 c. 2005 31 December 2010 [4]
1000 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 a.jpg 1000 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 b.jpg 1,000 manat 156 × 78 mm Green Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature 2005 c. 2005 31 December 2010 [4]
5000 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 a.jpg 5000 manat. Türkmenistan, 2005 b.jpg 5,000 manat 156 × 78 mm Blue Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat Saparmurat Niyazov and his signature 2005 c. 2005 31 December 2010 [4]
هذه الصور بمقياس 0.7 پكسل لكل millimeter. لمعايير الجدول، انظر جدول مواصفات الأوراق النقدية.


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Second manat

After hyperinflation significantly devalued the currency, a new manat with a fixed exchange rate was introduced, replacing the old manat on a ratio of 5,000 old manats = 1 new manat. Banknotes in this series were printed in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 manats. As part of an effort by the Turkmen government to dismantle Niyazov's extensive cult of personality and help politically disambiguate the current rule, only the highest valued banknote, 500 manats, bears a portrait of the former leader. The 500 manat note has yet to be released into circulation. The other denominations feature images of buildings in Ashgabat or technological achievements (TurkmenSat 1) and portraits of Ahmed Sanjar, Oghuz Khan, Magtymguly Pyragy and other figures in Turkmen history.[5]

Banknotes of the second manat
Image Value Dimensions Main colour Description Date of Ref.
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse Watermark printing issue withdrawal
1 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 a.jpg 1 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg 1 manat 120 × 60 mm Green and orange Emblem of Turkmenistan, Togrul Beg Türkmen Turkmenistan Cultural Centre, Ashgabat Togrul Beg Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination
  • 2009
  • 2012
  • 2014
1 January 2009 Current [6][7][8]
Turkmenistan banknote - 2017 series - 1 manat - reverse.jpg Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo Ashgabat International Airport, TurkmenSat 1 2017 17 September 2017 [9]
1 Manat (Schein, 2020) - Rückseite.jpg Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo Turkmenbashi International Seaport, TurkmenSat 1 2020 12 December 2020 [10]
5 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 a.jpg 5 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg 5 manat 126 × 63 mm Brown Emblem of Turkmenistan, Soltan Sanjar Türkmen Independence and Neutrality Monuments, Ashgabat Soltan Sanjar Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination
  • 2009
  • 2012
1 January 2009 Current [6][7]
Turkmenistan banknote - 2017 series - 5 manat - reverse.jpg Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo Ashgabat Velodrome 2017 17 September 2017 [9]
5 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo Independence and Neutrality Monuments, Ashgabat 2020 12 December 2020 [10]
10 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 a.jpg 10 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg 10 manat 132 × 66 mm Red Emblem of Turkmenistan, Magtymguly Pyragy Central Bank building, Ashgabat Magtymguly Pyragy, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination
  • 2009
  • 2012
1 January 2009 Current [6][7]
Turkmenistan banknote - 2017 series - 10 manat - reverse.jpg Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo Martial Arts Arena, Ashgabat 2017 17 September 2017 [9]
10 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo Central Bank building, Ashgabat 2020 12 December 2020 [10]
20 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 a.jpg 20 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg 20 manat 138 × 69 mm Purple Emblem of Turkmenistan, Görogly Beg Türkmen Rukhyet Palace, Ashgabat Görogly Beg Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination
  • 2009
  • 2012
1 January 2009 Current [6][7]
Turkmenistan banknote - 2017 series - 20 manat - reverse.jpg Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo Main Indoor Arena, Ashgabat 2017 17 September 2017 [9]
20 manat. Türkmenistan, 2012 b.jpg Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo Rukhyet Palace, Ashgabat 2020 12 December 2020 [10]
50 manat. Türkmenistan, 2009 a.jpg 50 manat. Türkmenistan, 2009 b.jpg 50 manat 144 × 72 mm Green Emblem of Turkmenistan, Gorgut Ata Türkmen Assembly of Turkmenistan building, Ashgabat Gorgut Ata Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination
  • 2009
  • 2014
1 January 2009 Current [6][8]
Turkmenistan banknote - 2017 series - 50 manat - reverse.jpg Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo Indoor Athletics Arena, Ashgabat 2017 17 September 2017 [9]
50 manat. Türkmenistan, 2009 b.jpg Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo Assembly of Turkmenistan building, Ashgabat 2020 12 December 2020 [10]
100 manat. Türkmenistan, 2014 a.jpg 100 manat. Türkmenistan, 2014 b.jpg 100 manat 150 × 75 mm Blue Emblem of Turkmenistan, Oguz Khan Türkmen Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat Oguz Khan Türkmen, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination
  • 2009
  • 2014
1 January 2009 Current [6][8]
Turkmenistan banknote - 2017 series - 100 manat - reverse.jpg Same as above, with the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games logo Olympic Stadium, Ashgabat 2017 17 September 2017 [9]
100 manat. Türkmenistan, 2014 b.jpg Same as above, with the 25th anniversary of neutrality logo Oguzhan Presidential Palace, Ashgabat 2020 12 December 2020 [10]
500 manat. Türkmenistan, 2009 a.jpg 500 manat. Türkmenistan, 2009 b.jpg 500 manat 156 × 78 mm Orange Emblem of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque, Gypjak Saparmurat Niyazov, crescent moon and five stars from the flag, denomination 2009 Never issued [11]
هذه الصور بمقياس 0.7 پكسل لكل millimeter. لمعايير الجدول، انظر جدول مواصفات الأوراق النقدية.

Exchange rates

  • Before Apr 2009: US$1 = 1.04 manat
  • Apr 2009 - Jan 2015: US$1 = 2.85 manats
  • Jan 2015 onwards: US$1 = 3.5 manats

A black market for exchange rate exists as cash exchanges are forbidden by law in Turkmenistan. The parallel exchange rate varied between 40–41m per U.S. dollar اعتبارا من 10 أبريل 2021 (2021-04-10).[12]

سعر الصرف TMT الحالي
من Google Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB
من Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB
من XE.com: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB
من OANDA: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Turkmenistan". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
  2. ^ "Turkmenistan's 5000 manat to equal 1 manat after denomination". 2008-09-06.
  3. ^ "Definition of Manat". Dictionary by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "Banknotes of 2005". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  5. ^ Манаты без Туркменбаши, Аскар Турсунбаев, Гундогар (in روسية)
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Banknotes of 2009". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  7. ^ أ ب ت ث "Modified banknotes of 2012". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  8. ^ أ ب ت "Modified banknotes of 2014". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  9. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Modified banknotes of 2017". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  10. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Modified banknotes of 2020". Central Bank of Turkmenistan (in التركمانية). Ashgabat. 17 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  11. ^ Linzmayer, Owen (9 January 2009). "Turkmenistan new note family confirmed". BanknoteNews (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Virginia Beach. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  12. ^ "Currency Collapse Mirrors Turkmenistan's Extreme Economic Woes". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-04-06.

References

External links

First manat
سبقه:
Russian rouble
السبب: independence from the USSR
سعر الصرف: 1 first manat = 500 roubles
عملة Turkmenistan
1 November 1993 – 31 December 2008
تبعه:
Second manat
السبب: inflation
النسبة: 1 second manat = 5,000 first manats
Second manat
سبقه:
First manat
السبب: inflation
سعر الصرف: 1 second manat = 5,000 first manats
عملة Turkmenistan
1 January 2009 –
تبعه:
الحالية