مجلس السوڤيت الأعلى

(تم التحويل من Supreme Soviet)

مجلس السوڤيت الأعلى (روسية: Верховный Совет؛ Verkhovny Sovet؛ إنگليزية: Supreme Soviet؛ إنگليزية: literally "المجلس الأعلى") was the common name for the legislative bodies (parliaments) of the Soviet socialist republics (SSR) in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). These soviets were modeled after the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, established in 1938, and were nearly identical.[1] Soviet-approved delegates to the Supreme Soviets were periodically elected in unopposed elections.[2] The first free or semi-free elections took place during perestroika in late 1980s. The soviets until then were largely rubber-stamp institutions, approving decisions handed to them by the Communist Party of the USSR or of each SSR.[2] The soviets met infrequently (often only twice a year for only several days) and elected the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, a permanent body, to act on their behalf while the soviet was not in session.[3] Under the 1936 and 1977 Soviet Constitutions the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet served as the collective head of state of the USSR.[4] The Supreme Soviets also elected the Council of Ministers, an executive body. After the dissolution of the USSR in late December 1991, most of these soviets became the legislatures of independent countries.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

مجالس السوڤيت العليا للجمهوريات السوڤيتية

  Soviet Republics dissolved before the dissolution of the Soviet Union

الجمهورية السوڤيتية السوڤيت الأعلى تأسس انحل خلفه
Emblem of the Armenian SSR.svg  أرمنيا الاشتراكية Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR

Հայկական ՍՍՀ Գերագույն Խորհուրդ

1938 1995 أرمنيا National Assembly
Emblem of the Azerbaijan SSR.svg  أذربيجان Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR

Азәрбаjҹан ССР Али Совети

1938 1995 أذربيجان National Assembly
Emblem of the Byelorussian SSR (1981-1991).svg  بلاروس الاشتراكية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR

Вярхоўны Савет Беларускай ССР

1938 1991 بلاروسبلاروس National Assembly
Emblem of the Estonian SSR.svg  إستونيا الاشتراكية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR

Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu

1940 1992 إستونيا Riigikogu
Emblem of the Georgian SSR.svg  جورجيا الاشتراكية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR

საქართველოს სსრ უმაღლესი საბჭო

1938 1992 جورجياجورجيا البرلمان
Emblem of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg قالب:Country data Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR

Верховный Совет Карело-Финской ССР

1940 1956 كارليا المجلس التشريعي
Emblem of Kazakh SSR.svg  جمهورية قزخستان الاشتراكية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR

Қазақ КСР-нiң Жоғарғы Кеңесi

1937 1995 قزخستان Parliament
Emblem of the Kirghiz SSR.svg  جمهورية قيرغيزستان الاشتراكية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR

Кыргыз ССР Жогорку Совети

1938 1993 قيرغيزستان المجلس الأعلى
Emblem of the Latvian SSR.svg  لاتڤيا الاشتراكية Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR

Latvijas PSR Augstākā Padome

1940 1990 لاتڤيا Saeima
Emblem of the Lithuanian SSR.svg  لتوانيا الاشتراكية Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR

Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausioji Taryba

1940 1990 لتوانيا Seimas
Emblem of the Moldavian SSR (1981-1990).svg  مولدوڤا الاشتراكية Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR

Совиетул Супрем ал РСС Молдовеняскэ

1941 1991 مولدوڤا البرلمان
Emblem of the Russian SFSR.svg  روسيا الاشتراكية الاتحادية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR

Верховный Совет РСФСР

1938 1993 روسياروسيا Federal Assembly
Emblem of the Tajik SSR.svg  طاجيكستان Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR

Совети Олӣ РСС Тоҷикистон

1937 1994 طاجيكستان المجلس الأعلى
Emblem of the Turkmen SSR.svg الجمهورية التركمانية السوڤيتية الاشتراكية تركمنستان Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR

Түркменистан ССР Ёкары Советы

1938 1992 تركمنستان المجلس
Emblem of the Ukrainian SSR.svg  جمهورية اوكرانيا الإشتراكية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR

Верховна Рада Української РСР

1937 1991 أوكرانيا ڤرخوڤنا رادا
Emblem of the Uzbek SSR.svg  جمهورية أوزبكستان الاشتراكية السوڤيتية Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR

Ўзбекистон ССР Олий Совети

1938 1991 اوزبكستان المجلس الأعلى


Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Republics

Soviet Republic Supreme Soviet Established Disbanded
Coat of arms of Bashkir ASSR.svg
Flag of Bashkir ASSR.svg
Bashkir ASSR
Supreme Soviet of the Bashkir ASSR

БАССР Юғары Советы

1938 1993
Coat of Arms of Tatarstan ASSR.png
Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg
Tatar ASSR
Supreme Soviet of the Tatar ASSR

ТАССР Югары Советы

1938 1990
Coat of arms of the Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg
Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg
Tuvan ASSR
Supreme Soviet of the Tuvan ASSR

Тыва АССР-ниң Дээди Соведи

1961 1993

الهامش

  1. ^ Where nation-states come from: institutional change in the age of nationalism by Philip G. Roeder, p. 70
  2. ^ أ ب Perestroika-era politics: the new Soviet legislature and Gorbachev's political reforms by Robert T. Huber and Donald R. Kelley, p. 52
  3. ^ Russian law: the end of the Soviet system and the role of law by Ferdinand Joseph Maria Feldbrugge, p. 192
  4. ^ Armstrong, John Alexander (January 1, 1978). Ideology, Politics, and Government in the Soviet Union: An Introduction– Google Knihy. ISBN 9780819154057. Retrieved 2016-11-26.